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Gilbert F, Cook M, O’Brien T, Illes J. Embodiment and Estrangement: Results from a First-in-Human "Intelligent BCI" Trial. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2019; 25:83-96. [PMID: 29129011 PMCID: PMC6418065 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While new generations of implantable brain computer interface (BCI) devices are being developed, evidence in the literature about their impact on the patient experience is lagging. In this article, we address this knowledge gap by analysing data from the first-in-human clinical trial to study patients with implanted BCI advisory devices. We explored perceptions of self-change across six patients who volunteered to be implanted with artificially intelligent BCI devices. We used qualitative methodological tools grounded in phenomenology to conduct in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Results show that, on the one hand, BCIs can positively increase a sense of the self and control; on the other hand, they can induce radical distress, feelings of loss of control, and a rupture of patient identity. We conclude by offering suggestions for the proactive creation of preparedness protocols specific to intelligent-predictive and advisory-BCI technologies essential to prevent potential iatrogenic harms.
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Haynes F, Cook M, Sanga H, Millward S, Dewar J. P148 Service evaluation of a community exercise programme for people with CF. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Haynes F, Cook M, Mosley K, Millward S, Dewar J. P147 Virtual exercise class for CF in patients – a novel way to encourage exercise participation. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cameron S, Brown VJ, Dritschel B, Power K, Cook M. Understanding the relationship between suicidality, current depressed mood, personality, and cognitive factors. Psychol Psychother 2017; 90:530-549. [PMID: 28296207 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Links between suicidality and depressed mood are well established. There is, however, little information about the emotional regulation processes that underlie the relationship between suicidality and current low mood, and how these processes differ between groups of never-suicidal (NS), suicidal ideators, and suicide attempters. As suicidality and depression are heterogeneous constructs, this study aimed to conduct within- and between-group comparisons of known suicide risk factors that are associated with emotion regulation (neuroticism, trait aggression, brooding, impulsivity, and overgeneral autobiographical memories). DESIGN Correlational design using between- and within-group comparisons from self-report measures. METHODS Inter- and intragroup differences were identified using Pearson's correlation coefficients and tests of difference. An analysis of indirect effects was used to investigate whether the relationship between suicidality and current low mood was mediated by neuroticism, trait aggression, brooding, impulsivity, and overgeneral autobiographical memories, and if this relationship varied according to group type. RESULTS Brooding appeared to be a consistent feature of all three groups and was closely related to current low mood. Compared to the NS group, the relationship between suicide attempts and current low mood showed greater associations with brooding, trait aggression, and overgeneral autobiographical memories. Compared to the NS group, the suicidal ideation group showed stronger associations with neuroticism and impulsivity, but these factors did not correlate with low mood. CONCLUSION These results suggest a need for larger studies to focus on heterogeneity within suicidal populations and consider how different combinations of risk factors may heighten or reduce suicide risk. PRACTITIONER POINTS It is well known that the severity and intensity of suicide and depressed presentations vary because of underlying dispositional and contextual factors (Fried & Nesse, ) which, in turn, affect how events are interpreted and responded to. Despite this, there is little research about how these mechanisms operate in different types of suicide groups, and their influence on the relationship between suicidality and current low mood. Understanding interrelationships that affect current low mood is of clinical significance because past suicidal history and deteriorations in already negative mood are linked to repeated suicide attempts and completion. Our findings show that ruminative brooding, defined as a tendency to repeatedly think about emotional aspects of an event, consistently correlates with current low mood across different types of suicidal groups (NS, suicidal ideators, and suicide attempters), and across analyses. Findings also show that suicidal ideation and attempt groups were associated with specific personality characteristics that increased the propensity of emotional responding and interpretation compared to the NS group. The relationship between suicide attempt and current low mood had a higher propensity to be influenced by trait aggression, brooding, and overgenerality compared to the NS group. In contrast, although the suicidal ideation group correlated more strongly with neuroticism and impulsivity, these factors did not influence current low mood. In terms of clinical practice, these findings imply that specific styles of interpretation and thinking may maintain the relationship between suicidality and current low mood. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, however, it is not possible to imply causality. Nevertheless, the findings obtained provide some support for transdiagnostic models of cognitive-behavioural processes that could be developed further.
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Gerrish T, Ruikar K, Cook M, Johnson M, Phillip M. Analysis of basic building performance data for identification of performance issues. FACILITIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/f-01-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of historical building performance data to identify potential issues with the build quality and operation of a building, as a means of narrowing the scope of in-depth further review.
Design/methodology/approach
The response of a room to the difference between internal and external temperatures is used to demonstrate patterns in thermal response across monitored rooms in a single building, to clearly show where rooms are under-performing in terms of their ability to retain heat during unconditioned hours. This procedure is applied to three buildings of different types, identifying the scope and limitation of this method and indicating areas of building performance deficiency.
Findings
The response of a single space to changing internal and external temperatures can be used to determine whether it responds differently to other monitored buildings. Spaces where thermal bridging and changes in use from design were encountered exhibit noticeably different responses.
Research limitations/implications
Application of this methodology is limited to buildings where temperature monitoring is undertaken both internally for a variety of spaces, and externally, and where knowledge of the uses of monitored spaces is available. Naturally ventilated buildings would be more suitable for analysis using this method.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the understanding of building energy performance from a data-driven perspective, to the knowledge on the disparity between building design intent and reality, and to the use of basic commonly recorded performance metrics for analysis of potentially detrimental building performance issues.
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Lee WI, Watson A, Chand R, Lam W, Cook M. CPID 4: A CASE OF RECURRENT ONYCHOMYCOSIS WITHOUT AUTOIMMUNITY. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.4_13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Anantharajah A, Khoo K, Downes M, Cook M. CGR 6: A CURIOUS CASE OF PERIODIC FEVERS, AVASCULAR NECROSIS AND INFLAMMATORY NODULES. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.6_13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gibson PG, Reddel H, McDonald VM, Marks G, Jenkins C, Gillman A, Upham J, Sutherland M, Rimmer J, Thien F, Katsoulotos GP, Cook M, Yang I, Katelaris C, Bowler S, Langton D, Robinson P, Wright C, Yozghatlian V, Burgess S, Sivakumaran P, Jaffe A, Bowden J, Wark PAB, Yan KY, Kritikos V, Peters M, Hew M, Aminazad A, Bint M, Guo M. Effectiveness and response predictors of omalizumab in a severe allergic asthma population with a high prevalence of comorbidities: the Australian Xolair Registry. Intern Med J 2017; 46:1054-62. [PMID: 27350385 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is a high impact disease. Omalizumab targets the allergic inflammatory pathway; however, effectiveness data in a population with significant comorbidities are limited. AIMS To describe severe allergic asthma, omalizumab treatment outcomes and predictors of response among the Australian Xolair Registry participants. METHODS A web-based post-marketing surveillance registry was established to characterise the use, effectiveness and adverse effects of omalizumab (Xolair) for severe allergic asthma. RESULTS Participants (n = 192) (mean age 51 years, 118 female) with severe allergic asthma from 21 clinics in Australia were assessed, and 180 received omalizumab therapy. They had poor asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire, ACQ-5, mean score 3.56) and significant quality of life impairment (Asthma-related Quality of Life Questionnaire score 3.57), and 52% were using daily oral corticosteroid (OCS). Overall, 95% had one or more comorbidities (rhinitis 48%, obesity 45%, cardiovascular disease 23%). The omalizumab responder rate, assessed by an improvement of at least 0.5 in ACQ-5, was high at 83%. OCS use was significantly reduced. The response in participants with comorbid obesity and cardiovascular disease was similar to those without these conditions. Baseline ACQ-5 ≥ 2.0 (P = 0.002) and older age (P = 0.05) predicted the magnitude of change in ACQ-5 in response to omalizumab. Drug-related adverse events included anaphylactoid reactions (n = 4), headache (n = 2) and chest pains (n = 1). CONCLUSION Australian patients with severe allergic asthma report a high disease burden and have extensive comorbidity. Symptomatic response to omalizumab was high despite significant comorbid disease. Omalizumab is an effective targeted therapy for severe allergic asthma with comorbidity in a real-life setting.
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Lima PC, Taylor RS, Cook M. Pseudocyst formation in the marine parasitic amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans: a short-term survival strategy to abrupt salinity variation. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1109-1113. [PMID: 28000922 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Romolo F, Stamouli A, Romeo M, Cook M, Orsenigo S, Donghi M. An experimental study about the presence of selenium in inorganic gunshot residues (GSR). Forensic Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cook M, Lachance K, Nguyen M, Redman M, Baker K, Tseng Y, Nghiem P. 365 Outcomes among Merkel cell carcinoma patients with chronic immunosuppression. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Marsden JR, Fox R, Boota NM, Cook M, Wheatley K, Billingham LJ, Steven NM. Effect of topical imiquimod as primary treatment for lentigo maligna: the LIMIT-1 study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1148-1154. [PMID: 27714781 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical imiquimod is sometimes used for lentigo maligna (LM) in situ melanoma instead of surgery, but frequency of cure is uncertain. Pathological complete regression (pCR) is a logical surrogate marker for cure after imiquimod, although residual LM and atypical melanocytic hyperplasia may not be reliably distinguished. A trial comparing imiquimod vs. surgery might be justified by a high imiquimod pCR rate. OBJECTIVES Primary: to estimate the pCR rate for LM following imiquimod. Secondary: to assess the accuracy of prediction of pCR, using clinical complete regression (cCR) plus negative post-treatment biopsies, tolerability, resource use, patients' preferences and induced melanoma immunity. METHODS This was a single-arm phase II trial of 60 imiquimod applications over 12 weeks for LM then radical resection. A pCR rate ≥ 25 out of 33 would reliably discriminate between pCR rates < 60% and ≥ 85%. Clinical response was assessed and biopsies taken after imiquimod. Patients recorded adverse events in diaries. Patient preference was measured after surgery using a standard gamble tool. RESULTS The pCR rate was 10 of 27 (37%, 95% confidence interval 19-58%). The rate of cCR plus negative biopsies was 12 of 28, of whom seven of 11 had pCR on subsequent surgery. The median dose intensity was 86·7%. Of the 16 surveyed patients, eight preferred primary imiquimod over surgery if the cure rate for imiquimod was 80%, and four of 16 if it was ≤ 40%. CONCLUSIONS The pCR rate was insufficient to justify phase III investigation of imiquimod vs. SURGERY Clinical complete response and negative targeted biopsies left uncertainty regarding pathological clearance. Some patients would trade less aggressive treatment of LM against efficacy.
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Zoghi M, Cook M, O’Brien T, Kwan P, Jaberzadeh S, Galea M. P015 The effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in patienst with focal epilepsy (a pilot study)‘. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cook M, Allos B, O'Beirn M, Denley S, Homer K, Sabel L, Jegannathen A, Chatterjee A, Koh P. 27: Management and outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and synchronous brain metastases: A multicentre retrospective review. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cook M, Smart NA, Van der Touw T. Predicting blood flow responses to rhythmic handgrip exercise from one second isometric contractions. Physiol Res 2016; 65:581-589. [PMID: 26988159 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to predict blood flow responses to rhythmic handgrip exercise from one second isometric contractions. Seven healthy men were studied. Each subject performed a single 1 s handgrip contraction at 10 %, 20 % and 40 % of the maximum handgrip strength. We then repeatedly summed hyperaemic responses from single contractions to predict hyperaemic response to a prolonged bout of rhythmic exercise. There was similarity between steady state brachial blood flow velocity (BBV) extrapolated from single handgrip contractions and during 2 min of rhythmic exercise for 20 % (10.0+/-3.8 cm/s vs. 10.2+/-2.6 cm/s, r=0.93, p=0.003) and 40 % of maximum contractions (14.2+/-5.5 cm/s vs. 15.6+/-3.4 cm/s, r=0.88, p=0.009), but not for 10 % (7.5+/-4.1 cm/s vs. 5.7+/-3.3 cm/s, r=0.94, p=0.018). BBV progressively rose substantially higher during rhythmic contractions than peak BBV observed during single contractions at matched intensity. Respective peak BBV during single contractions and steady state BBV rhythmic contractions were 4.4+/-2.1 and 5.7+/-3.3 cm.s(-1) at 10 % forearm strength (p=0.14), 5.6+/-2.4 and 10.2+/-2.8 cm.s(-1) at 20 % (p=0.002), and 7.0+/-2.5 and 15.6+/-3.6 cm.s(-1) at 40 % (p=0.003). In conclusion, there is similarity between the summated blood flow velocity calculated from a single 1 s muscle contraction and the steady state blood flow velocity response of rhythmic exercise.
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Grey D, Cook M, Hofmann P, Mwanga A, Akoko L, Mchembe M, Schecter W. An alliance of educators to support post graduate surgical training in
Tanzania. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hew M, Gillman A, Sutherland M, Wark P, Bowden J, Guo M, Reddel HK, Jenkins C, Marks GB, Thien F, Rimmer J, Katsoulotos GP, Cook M, Yang I, Katelaris C, Bowler S, Langton D, Wright C, Bint M, Yozghatlian V, Burgess S, Sivakumaran P, Yan KY, Kritikos V, Peters M, Baraket M, Aminazad A, Robinson P, Jaffe A, Powell H, Upham JW, McDonald VM, Gibson PG. Real-life effectiveness of omalizumab in severe allergic asthma above the recommended dosing range criteria. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1407-1415. [PMID: 27377155 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omalizumab (Xolair) dosing in severe allergic asthma is based on serum IgE and bodyweight. In Australia, patients eligible for omalizumab but exceeding recommended ranges for IgE (30-1500 IU/mL) and bodyweight (30-150 kg) may still receive a ceiling dose of 750 mg/4 weeks. About 62% of patients receiving government-subsidized omalizumab are enrolled in the Australian Xolair Registry (AXR). OBJECTIVES To determine whether AXR participants above the recommended dosing ranges benefit from omalizumab and to compare their response to within-range participants. METHODS Data were stratified according to dose range status (above-range or within-range). Further sub-analyses were conducted according to the reason for being above the dosing range (IgE only vs. IgE and weight). RESULTS Data for 179 participants were analysed. About 55 (31%) were above recommended dosing criteria; other characteristics were similar to within-range participants. Above-range participants had higher baseline IgE [812 (IQR 632, 1747) IU/mL vs. 209 (IQR 134, 306) IU/mL] and received higher doses of omalizumab [750 (IQR 650, 750) mg] compared to within-range participants [450 (IQR, 300, 600) mg]. At 6 months, improvements in Juniper 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5, 3.61 down to 2.01 for above-range, 3.47 down to 1.93 for within-range, P < 0.0001 for both) and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ mean score (3.22 up to 4.41 for above-range, 3.71 up to 4.88 for within-range, P < 0.0001) were observed in both groups. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ) improved among above-range participants. There was no difference in response between above-range and within-range participants. Above-range participants due to either IgE alone or IgE and weight had similar improvements in ACQ-5, AQLQ and FEV1 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients with severe allergic asthma above recommended dosing criteria for omalizumab have significantly improved symptom control, quality of life and lung function to a similar degree to within-range participants, achieved without dose escalation above 750 mg.
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Viriós A, Pedersen M, Furney S, Girotti M, Hogan K, Saturno G, Galvani E, Sanchez-Laorden B, Ng C, Reis-Filho J, Lorigan P, Cook M, Marais R. Gene-specific interactions between ultraviolet radiation and melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gillam B, Cook M, Blackburn S. Conflict between Stereo and Perspective in Resolving the Slant of Cyclopean Trapezoids. Perception 2016. [DOI: 10.1068/v96l0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cue theory has had a resurgence in recent years as part of modular approaches to vision. Cues often seem to combine according to a weighted linear sum, although interactions may also occur. Conflict studies show that linear perspective and stereo combine to influence slant perception, with perspective weighted surprisingly heavily. We investigated the effect of conflicting linear perspective in reducing stereo slant when perspective is present as a purely cyclopean outline shape, compared with conditions when the shape is also monocularly present. In experiment 1, random line stereograms were generated with cyclopean trapezoids standing out from a background. Their outline convergence either conflicted with or supported a stereo gradient across the surface of the trapezoid. Two stereo slants and two standing disparities were used. In experiment 2, an aperture condition was included with the cyclopean trapezoids behind the surround. There was strong influence of trapezoid direction on perceived slant. This influence was only marginally increased by outlining the trapezoid. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of cyclopean shape as perspective information. As expected, when the trapezoid was an area seen through an aperture, its direction did not significantly affect stereo slant. We conclude that stereo and perspective cannot be considered as separate modules. In binocular vision, perspective is conveyed stereoscopically.
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Bellou E, Verstappen S, Cook M, Sergeant J, Warren R, Barton A, Bowes J. AB0727 Increased Rates of Hypertension in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Compared To Psoriasis Alone: Results from The UK Biobank: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lima PC, Taylor RS, Cook M. Involvement of contractile vacuoles in the osmoregulation process of the marine parasitic amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:629-633. [PMID: 26332530 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Benghiat H, Sanghera P, Cook M, Simmons R, Heyes G, Spooner D, Cruickshank G, Hartley A. PO08ACCOUNTING FOR THE DOSE-VOLUME PARADOX IN STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY OF BRAIN METASTASES:VOLUME STANDARDISED LINEAR QUADRATIC AND LINEAR QUADRATIC CUBIC TUMOUR CONTROL PROBABILITY MODELS AS AUDIT TOOLS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov284.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Oude Ophuis C, Verhoef C, Rutkowski P, Voit C, Cook M, Van Leeuwen P, Testori A, Hoekstra H, Grünhagen D, Eggermont A, Van Akkooi A. 2BA The interval between primary melanoma excision and sentinel node biopsy (SNB) does not affect survival; regardless of SNB status - an EORTC Melanoma Group study. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Clayton A, Haynes F, Cook M. WS05.6 A pilot study of enhanced community support via internet videoconferencing and physiotherapist home visits. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Subramaniam K, Fallon K, Ruut T, Lane D, McKay R, Shadbolt B, Ang S, Cook M, Platten J, Pavli P, Taupin D. Infliximab reverses inflammatory muscle wasting (sarcopenia) in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41:419-28. [PMID: 25580985 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting or sarcopenia arising from chronic inflammation is found in 60% of patients with Crohn's disease. Transcriptional protein NF-κB reduces muscle formation through MyoD transcription and increases muscle breakdown by proteolysis. AIM As TNF is a potent activator of NF-κB, and anti-TNF agent infliximab (IFX) prevents NF-κB activation, to determine whether or not Crohn's patients treated with IFX gain muscle volume and strength. METHODS We performed a prospective, repeated-measures cohort study in adult Crohn's disease patients with an acute disease flare. Patients were instructed not to vary diet or activity. Concomitant medications were kept stable. At week 1 (pre-treatment), week 16 (post-IFX induction) and week 25 (post-first IFX maintenance dose), we assessed (i) MRI volume of quadriceps femoris at anatomical mid-thigh; (ii) maximal concentric quadriceps contractions strength at three specific speeds of contraction; (iii) physical activity by validated instrument (IPAQ); (iv) Three-day food record of intake and composition (food-weighing method); (v) Serum levels of IL6. RESULTS Nineteen patients (58% female; mean age 33.2 ± 10.7 years) were recruited. IFX increased muscle volume in both legs from baseline (right, 1505 cm(3) ) to week 25 (right, 1569 cm(3) ; P = 0.010). IFX also increased muscle strength in both legs from baseline (right 30°/s, 184.8 Nm) to week 25 (right 30°/s, 213.6 Nm; P = 0.002). Muscle volume gain correlated with male gender (P = 0.003). Significant gains in muscle volume and strength were unrelated to prednisolone use. Serum IL6 levels decreased by week 25 (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION The anti-TNF agent infliximab reverses inflammatory sarcopenia in patients with Crohn's disease.
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