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Figorilli M, Marques A, Meloni M, Zibetti M, Beudin P, Pereira B, Lambert C, Puligheddu M, Cicolin A, Lopiano L, Durif F, Fantini M. Diagnosing REM sleep behaviour disorder in parkinson disease without a gold standard: a latent classes models study. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Müller R, Hanson C, Hanson M, Penkler M, Samaras G, Chiapperino L, Dupré J, Kenney M, Kuzawa C, Latimer J, Lloyd S, Lunkes A, Macdonald M, Meloni M, Nerlich B, Panese F, Pickersgill M, Richardson S, Rüegg J, Schmitz S, Stelmach A, Villa PI. The biosocial genome? Interdisciplinary perspectives on environmental epigenetics, health and society. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1677-1682. [PMID: 28931580 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Meloni M. Race in an epigenetic time: thinking biology in the plural. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2017; 68:389-409. [PMID: 28328093 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The notion that biological memories of environmental experiences can be embedded in the human genome and even transmitted transgenerationally is increasingly relevant in the postgenomic world, particularly in molecular epigenetics, where the genome is conceptualized as porous to environmental signals. In this article I discuss the current rethinking of race in epigenetic rather than genetic terms, emphasizing some of its paradoxical implications, especially for public policy. I claim in particular that: (i) if sociologists want to investigate race in a postgenomic world they should pay more attention to this novel plastic and biosocial view of race; and (ii) there are no reasons to believe that an epigenetic view will extinguish race, or that soft-inheritance claims will produce a less exclusionary discourse than genetics (hard heredity). Quite the opposite, the ground for a re-racialization of social debates and the reinforcement of biological boundaries between groups are highlighted in the article.
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Caviola E, De Servi B, Meloni M. 883 Hair follicle bulb developed as 3D scaffold free microtissue. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Meloni M, Balzaretti S, De Servi B. 655 Epidermal response to bacterial and yeast adhesion: RHE model in co-colture with THP-1 cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meloni M. Disentangling life: Darwin, selectionism, and the postgenomic return of the environment. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 62:10-19. [PMID: 28196347 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, I analyze the disruptive impact of Darwinian selectionism for the century-long tradition in which the environment had a direct causative role in shaping an organism's traits. In the case of humans, the surrounding environment often determined not only the physical, but also the mental and moral features of individuals and whole populations. With its apparatus of indirect effects, random variations, and a much less harmonious view of nature and adaptation, Darwinian selectionism severed the deep imbrication of organism and milieu posited by these traditional environmentalist models. This move had radical implications well beyond strictly biological debates. In my essay, I discuss the problematization of the moral idiom of environmentalism by William James and August Weismann who adopted a selectionist view of the development of mental faculties. These debates show the complex moral discourse associated with the environmentalist-selectionist dilemma. They also well illustrate how the moral reverberations of selectionism went well beyond the stereotyped associations with biological fatalism or passivity of the organism. Rereading them today may be helpful as a genealogical guide to the complex ethical quandaries unfolding in the current postgenomic scenario in which a revival of new environmentalist themes is taking place.
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Bellemere G, Brédif S, Meloni M, Menu F, Baudouin C. Modèles de peau pédiatrique in vitro pour l’étude de la dermatite atopique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leblanc V, Adriaens E, Grandidier M, Hollanders K, Jacobs A, Meloni M, Nardelli L, Roper C, Van Rompay A, Vinall J, Cotovio J, Alepée N. SkinEthic™ HCE eye irritation test method on solid and liquid chemicals: Reliability, relevance and contribution to serious eye damage/eye irritation global assessment. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meloni M. Interpreting evolution
History Within The Science, Culture, and Politics of Bones, Organisms, and Molecules
Marianne Sommer
University of Chicago Press, 2016. 552 pp. Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A probing history sheds light on the social and cultural biases that have shaped the study of human origins
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Meloni M. Rethinking Lysenko's legacy
Lysenko's Ghost Epigenetics and Russia
Loren Graham
Harvard University Press, 2016. 219 pp. Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Advances in epigenetics spur modern support for a long-discredited theory of inheritance
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Alépée N, Leblanc V, Adriaens E, Grandidier M, Lelièvre D, Meloni M, Nardelli L, Roper C, Santirocco E, Toner F, Van Rompay A, Vinall J, Cotovio J. Multi-laboratory validation of SkinEthic HCE test method for testing serious eye damage/eye irritation using liquid chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 31:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Meloni M. From boundary-work to boundary object: how biology left and re-entered the social sciences. SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW MONOGRAPH 2016; 64:61-78. [PMID: 27818538 PMCID: PMC5074276 DOI: 10.1002/2059-7932.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an archaeological spirit this paper comes back to a founding event in the construction of the twentieth-century episteme, the moment at which the life- and the social sciences parted ways and intense boundary-work was carried out on the biology/society border, with significant benefits for both sides. Galton and Weismann for biology, and Alfred Kroeber for anthropology delimit this founding moment and I argue, expanding on an existing body of historical scholarship, for an implicit convergence of their views. After this excavation, I look at recent developments in the life sciences, which I have named the 'social turn' in biology (Meloni, 2014), and in particular at epigenetics with its promise to destabilize the social/biological border. I claim here that today a different account of 'the biological' to that established during the Galton-Kroeber period is emerging. Rather than being used to support a form of boundary-work, biology has become a boundary object that crosses previously erected barriers, allowing different research communities to draw from it.
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Alépée N, Piroird C, Aujoulat M, Dreyfuss S, Hoffmann S, Hohenstein A, Meloni M, Nardelli L, Gerbeix C, Cotovio J. Prospective multicentre study of the U-SENS test method for skin sensitization testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:373-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leblanc V, Adriaens E, Grandidier MH, Hollanders K, Jacobs A, Meloni M, Nardelli L, Roper C, Santirocco E, Toner F, Van Rompay A, Vinall J, Cotovio J, Alepee N. Serious eye damage/eye irritation assessment: How SkinEthic™ HCE reconstructed human corneal test method can address this area for liquid test substances. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Besnier M, Meloni M, Caporali A, Baker A, Miller A, Emanueli C. IL-33/ST2 in angiogenesis and limb ischemia in mice. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Proiti M, Andreano A, Schiaffino S, Turtulici G, Laeseke P, Meloni M. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Ultrasound Int Open 2015; 1:E27-9. [PMID: 27689147 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Epigenetics is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in the life sciences. Its rise is frequently framed as a revolutionary turn that heralds a new epoch both for gene-based epistemology and for the wider discourse on life that pervades knowledge-intensive societies of the molecular age. The fundamentals of this revolution remain however to be scrutinized, and indeed the very contours of what counts as 'epigenetic' are often blurred. This is reflected also in the mounting discourse on the societal implications of epigenetics, in which vast expectations coexist with significant uncertainty about what aspects of this science are most relevant for politics or policy alike. This is therefore a suitable time to reflect on the directions that social theory could most productively take in the scrutiny of this revolution. Here we take this opportunity in both its scholarly and normative dimension, that is, proposing a roadmap for social theorizing on epigenetics that does not shy away from, and indeed hopefully guides, the framing of its most socially relevant outputs. To this end, we start with an epistemological reappraisal of epigenetic discourse that valorizes the blurring of meanings as a critical asset for the field and privileged analytical entry point. We then propose three paths of investigation. The first looks at the structuring elements of controversies and visions around epigenetics. The second probes the mutual constitution between the epigenetic reordering of living phenomena and the normative settlements that orient individual and collective responsibilities. The third highlights the material import of epigenetics and the molecularization of culture that it mediates. We suggest that these complementary strands provide both an epistemically and socially self-reflective framework to advance the study of epigenetics as a molecular juncture between nature and nurture and thus as the new critical frontier in the social studies of the life sciences.
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Reni C, Mangialardi G, Meloni M, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. P344Osteoclasts activation contributes to remodeling of the stem cell niche in diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu091.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Caporali A, Meloni M, Mitic T, Nailor A, Emanueli C. 524p75NTR-dependent activation of NF-kB is required for the trafficking and transcriptional regulation of microRNA-503 in microvascular complications of diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu092.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Avolio E, Mangialardi G, Riu F, Katare R, Mitchell K, Dang Z, Spencer H, Meloni M, Beltrami AP, Madeddu P. P593Human vascular pericytes and cardiac progenitor cells combined transplantation for heart repair. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Avolio E, Gianfranceschi G, Caragnano A, Athanasakis E, Katare R, Meloni M, Beltrami CA, Cesselli D, Madeddu P, Beltrami AP. 289Pharmacologic rejuvenation of senescent human cardiac stem cells enhances myocardial repair. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu087.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Meloni M. The social brain meets the reactive genome: neuroscience, epigenetics and the new social biology. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:309. [PMID: 24904353 PMCID: PMC4033168 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of molecular epigenetics over the last few years promises to bring the discourse about the sociality and susceptibility to environmental influences of the brain to an entirely new level. Epigenetics deals with molecular mechanisms such as gene expression, which may embed in the organism "memories" of social experiences and environmental exposures. These changes in gene expression may be transmitted across generations without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetics is the most advanced example of the new postgenomic and context-dependent view of the gene that is making its way into contemporary biology. In my article I will use the current emergence of epigenetics and its link with neuroscience research as an example of the new, and in a way unprecedented, sociality of contemporary biology. After a review of the most important developments of epigenetic research, and some of its links with neuroscience, in the second part I reflect on the novel challenges that epigenetics presents for the social sciences for a re-conceptualization of the link between the biological and the social in a postgenomic age. Although epigenetics remains a contested, hyped, and often uncritical terrain, I claim that especially when conceptualized in broader non-genecentric frameworks, it has a genuine potential to reformulate the ossified biology/society debate.
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Moreira da Silva R, De Servi B, Meloni M. Nouvelles données concernant le mécanisme d’action du tannate de gélatine dans le traitement de la diarrhée aiguë. Deuxième partie : activité anti-bactérienne. Arch Pediatr 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Meloni M, Reid A, Caujapé-Castells J, Marrero A, Fernández-Palacios JM, Mesa-Coelo RA, Conti E. Effects of clonality on the genetic variability of rare, insular species: the case of Ruta microcarpa from the Canary Islands. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1569-79. [PMID: 23789068 PMCID: PMC3686192 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species combine sexual and clonal reproduction. Clonal propagation has ecological costs mainly related to inbreeding depression and pollen discounting; at the same time, species able to reproduce clonally have ecological and evolutionary advantages being able to persist when conditions are not favorable for sexual reproduction. The presence of clonality has profound consequences on the genetic structure of populations, especially when it represents the predominant reproductive strategy in a population. Theoretical studies suggest that high rate of clonal propagation should increase the effective number of alleles and heterozygosity in a population, while an opposite effect is expected on genetic differentiation among populations and on genotypic diversity. In this study, we ask how clonal propagation affects the genetic diversity of rare insular species, which are often characterized by low levels of genetic diversity, hence at risk of extinction. We used eight polymorphic microsatellite markers to study the genetic structure of the critically endangered insular endemic Ruta microcarpa. We found that clonality appears to positively affect the genetic diversity of R. microcarpa by increasing allelic diversity, polymorphism, and heterozygosity. Moreover, clonal propagation seems to be a more successful reproductive strategy in small, isolated population subjected to environmental stress. Our results suggest that clonal propagation may benefit rare species. However, the advantage of clonal growth may be only short-lived for prolonged clonal growth could ultimately lead to monoclonal populations. Some degree of sexual reproduction may be needed in a predominantly clonal species to ensure long-term viability.
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