51
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Bhat AS, Elbert SM, Zhang W, Rominger F, Dieckmann M, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Transformation of a [4+6] Salicylbisimine Cage to Chemically Robust Amide Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8819-8823. [PMID: 30964597 PMCID: PMC6618138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interest in shape-persistent organic cage compounds has steadily increased, not least because dynamic covalent bond formation enables such structures to be made in high to excellent yields. One often used type of dynamic bond formation is the generation of an imine bond from an aldehyde and an amine. Although the reversibility of the imine bond formation is advantageous for high yields, it is disadvantageous for the chemical stability of the compounds. Amide bonds are, in contrast to imine bonds much more robust. Shape-persistent amide cages have so far been made by irreversible amide bond formations in multiple steps, very often accompanied by low yields. Here, we present an approach to shape-persistent amide cages by exploiting a high-yielding reversible cage formation in the first step, and a Pinnick oxidation as a key step to access the amide cages in just three steps. These chemically robust amide cages can be further transformed by bromination or nitration to allow post-functionalization in high yields. The impact of the substituents on the gas sorption behavior was also investigated.
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Bhat AS, Elbert SM, Zhang W, Rominger F, Dieckmann M, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Transformation of a [4+6] Salicylbisimine Cage to Chemically Robust Amide Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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53
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Schick THG, Lauer JC, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Transformation of Imine Cages into Hydrocarbon Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1768-1773. [PMID: 30557460 PMCID: PMC6470955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to organic cages which are formed by exploiting dynamic covalent chemistry, such as boronic ester cages, imine cages, or disulfide cages, those with a fully carbonaceous backbone are rarer. With the exception of alkyne metathesis based approaches, the vast majority of hydrocarbon cages need to be synthesized by kinetically controlled bond formation. This strategy implies a multiple step synthesis and no correction mechanism in the final macrocyclization step, both of which are responsible for low overall yields. Whereas for smaller cages the intrinsic drawbacks are not always obvious, larger cages are seldom synthesized in yields beyond a few tenths of a percent. Presented herein is a three‐step method to convert imine cages into hydrocarbon cages. The method has been successfully applied to even larger structures such as derivatives of C72H72 , an unknown cage suggested by Fritz Vögtle more than 20 years ago.
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54
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Cata-Condensed Heteroannulated Coronenes via Selective Bromination of Diarenoperylenes as the Key Step. Org Lett 2018; 20:7270-7273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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55
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Mastalerz M. Porous Shape-Persistent Organic Cage Compounds of Different Size, Geometry, and Function. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2411-2422. [PMID: 30203648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interest in shape-persistent organic cages is nearly as old as the interest in supramolecular chemistry. In the beginning, organic cages have often been synthesized in a stepwise manner, which is not only laborious but very often also accompanied by low overall yields. In 1988, MacDowell published the one pot high-yielding synthesis of [2 + 3] imine cages based on TREN and aromatic dialdehydes, exploiting the reversible condensation of amines and aldehydes to imines, which was later used by others to make even larger cages on the basis of resorcinarenes. In 2008, the synthesis and characterization of an adamantoid [4 + 6] imine cage by condensation of a C3 v-symmetric triaminotriptycene and commercially available 4- tert-butyl salicyldialdehyde was introduced by the author, which was the ignition of our group activities in this research area. In 2011, we published the first gas-sorption data for this [4 + 6] imine cage: with a measured specific surface area of SABET = 1377 m2/g according to the model of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) this was twice as high as for the reported smaller cages of Cooper. For a second desolvated polymorph of the same cage, an even higher SABET = 2071 m2/g was determined; still one of the highest surface areas until date for porous organic molecular materials. Subsequently, the influence of the substituent in 4-position of the salicyldialdehyde for the reaction to [4 + 6] imine cages was investigated as well as the role of the phenolic hydroxyl group. It turned out that the phenolic hydroxyl group is crucial as directing group to increase the formation of the cage as well as stabilize the structure by cyclic six-membered intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The concept was extended to other imine-based cages of different geometry and size. For instance, a [4 + 4] cubic structure from triptycene trissalicylaldehyde and triptycene triamine was accessible as an amorphous insoluble solid, able to adsorb 18.2 wt % CO2 at ambient conditions. To gain further insight into the structural needs of the molecular precursors, rigidity and preorientation of reacting sites were investigated on prismatic [2 + 3] and truncated tetrahedral [4 + 4] imine cages, showing that rigidity and preorientation is beneficial or even crucial for cage formation. Furthermore, chiral self-sorting was studied on the basic of racemic triamines. Besides imine condensation, we explored the reversible formation of boronic esters from boronic acids and diols. Triptycene tetraol with its 120° angle between the aromatic units has been used in the condensation with benzene triboronic acid to achieve a large cuboctahedral [12 + 8] cage with pore dimensions of 2 nm, which are by IUPAC definition mesoporous. After activation the measured specific surface area was SABET = 3758 m2/g, a number rarely achieved even for other porous compounds such as threedimensional framework materials. Smaller tetrahedral [4 + 6] boronic ester cages were synthesized too. These cages show a selective gas sorption with preference of saturated hydrocarbon ethane over ethylene and acetylene. What distinguishes porous materials derived from molecular cages from three-dimensional frameworks or networks the most is their solubility; thus, the cages are soluble porous units (SPUs) in a broader sense. Taking advantage of this, [4 + 6] imine cages were postfunctionalized in solution to change the gas sorption properties in the crystalline state. Furthermore, cage solutions were spray-coated onto quartz crystal microbalances to enhance affinity and selectivity for sensing of airborne analytes. In this Account, the contributions from our lab on porous organic cages are presented.
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56
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Elbert SM, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Nickel-Salphen Type Complex with a Heteropicene Backbone. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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57
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Switching the Statistical C
3
/C
1
Ratio in the Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Tribenzotriquinacenes towards the C
3
Isomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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58
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Switching the Statistical C 3 /C 1 Ratio in the Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Tribenzotriquinacenes towards the C 3 Isomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11321-11324. [PMID: 29938890 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) is a bowl-shaped molecule that has been widely used as a molecular building block in supramolecular and materials chemistry. Especially C3 -symmetric threefold-substituted TBTQs are interesting for these purposes. Until now a general and selective synthetic approach to those C3 -symmetric products was lacking, mainly because the typically used electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of the parent TBTQ hydrocarbons produce predominantly the C1 isomer over the C3 isomer (3:1 statistical ratio). Herein we introduce a threefold borylation of TBTQ with the C3 isomer as the main product (2.6:1 C3 /C1 ratio). The borylated TBTQ can be converted in good yields into other C3 -symmetric TBTQs, thus allowing straightforward synthetic access to new building blocks for supramolecular and materials chemistry.
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59
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Baumgärtner K, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Gulf-Selective Postsynthetic Functionalization of a Soluble Hexabenzoovalene. Chemistry 2018; 24:8751-8755. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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60
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Elbert SM, Reinschmidt M, Baumgärtner K, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Benzopyrano-Fused N-Heterocyclic Polyaromatics. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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61
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Lauer JC, Zhang WS, Rominger F, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Shape-Persistent [4+4] Imine Cages with a Truncated Tetrahedral Geometry. Chemistry 2018; 24:1816-1820. [PMID: 29272048 PMCID: PMC5838406 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of shape-persistent organic cage compounds is often based on the usage of multiple dynamic covalent bond formation (such as imines) of readily available precursors. By careful choice of the precursors geometry, the geometry and size of the resulting cage can be accurately designed and indeed a number of different geometries and sizes have been realized to date. Despite of this fact, little is known about the precursors conformational rigidity and steric preorganization of reacting functional groups on the outcome of the reaction. Herein, the influence of conformational rigidity in the precursors on the formation of a [4+4] imine cage with truncated tetrahedral geometry is discussed.
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62
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Hamacek J, Vuillamy A, Peterhans L, Homberg A, Poggiali D, Schneider MW, Mastalerz M. Ln(iii) complexes with triptycene based tripodal ligands: speciation and equilibria. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The speciation studies of Ln(iii) complexes with triptycene-based tripodal ligands reveal slow transformations of tetranuclear assemblies in metal excess.
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63
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Uptmoor AC, Ilyas R, Elbert SM, Wacker I, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. Optical Properties and Sequence Information of Tin-Centered Conjugated Microporous Polymers. Chemistry 2017; 24:1674-1680. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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64
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Menke EH, Leibold D, Berger FJ, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Triptycene-Bis(aroyleneimidazole)s as Non-Fullerene Acceptors: The Missing Links. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1390-1395. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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65
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Baumgärtner K, Kirschbaum T, Krutzek F, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. K-Region-Extended [c
]-Heteroannulated Pyrenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:17817-17822. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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66
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Gasaway C, Mastalerz M, Krause F, Clarkson C, Debuhr C. Application of micro-FTIR mapping and SEM to study compositional heterogeneity of siltstones: Example from the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Middle Bakken Member. J Microsc 2017; 269:195-211. [PMID: 28795400 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the applicability of micro-FTIR mapping to study heterogeneity of organic matter-lean siltstones. Closely spaced samples of Late Devonian dolomitic siltstones of the Middle Bakken Member were analysed with micro-FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the distribution and chemical properties of organic matter (OM), muscovite/feldspar/clay group, carbonates, and quartz, and their influence on porosity and permeability of these rocks. Our results show that quartz is the dominant component of the samples, and the main mineralogical differences between the samples are reflected in the abundance of carbonate minerals. Organic matter content is usually far below 1 wt. % and dominantly represented by terrestrially derived vitrinite and inertinite. Micro-FTIR mapping demonstrates that the more spatially connected quartz and muscovite/feldspar/clays become, the larger permeability in the rock develops, and these correlations are especially strong for planes parallel to bedding. In contrast, carbonate connectivity shows a strong negative correlation with permeability. No correlations between connectivity of components and porosity have been detected. These observations suggest that micro-FTIR not only can document compositional heterogeneity of siltstones, but also has potential to help understanding their permeability systems.
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67
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Eberhard M, Mastalerz M, Frauenfelder T, Tanner F, Maisano F, Nietlispach F, Seifert B, Alkadhi H, Nguyen-Kim T. P4326Quantification of aortic valve calcification on contrast-enhanced CT of patients prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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68
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Elbert SM, Wagner P, Kanagasundaram T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Boroquinol Complexes with Fused Extended Aromatic Backbones: Synthesis and Optical Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:935-945. [PMID: 27862420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron-based dyes are attractive synthetic targets due to their large variability of absorption and emission wavelengths. Through Pictet-Spengler cyclizations, followed by oxidation, π-extended boroquinols have been synthesized. During optimization of the reaction conditions, an unusual dearylation has been found and mechanistically investigated. For two of the synthesized boroquinols, mechanochromic effects with bathochromic shifts up to 50 nm were found upon grinding.
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69
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Hu XY, Zhang WS, Rominger F, Wacker I, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Transforming a chemically labile [2+3] imine cage into a robust carbamate cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8616-8619. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Turning a pH labile porous cage into a highly pH stable porous organic cage by fixation with carbamate units.
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70
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Menke EH, Leibold D, Ullrich AP, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Planar versus triptycenylene end-capped aroyleneimidazoles as electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of triptycenylene end-groups on the optoelectronic properties of aroyleneimidazoles and their performance as acceptors in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices are described.
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71
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Beaudoin D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Chiral Self-Sorting of [2+3] Salicylimine Cage Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1244-1248. [PMID: 28004471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An inherently chiral C3 -symmetric triaminotribenzotriquinacene was condensed in racemic and enantiomerically pure form with a bis(salicylaldehyde) to form [2+3] salicylimine cage compounds. Investigations on the chiral self-sorting revealed that while entropy favors narcissistic self-sorting in solution, selective social self-sorting can be achieved by exploiting the difference in solubility between the homochiral and heterochiral cages. Gas sorption measurements further showed that seemingly small structural differences can have a significant impact on the surface area of microporous covalent cage compounds.
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72
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Beaudoin D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Chiral Self‐Sorting of [2+3] Salicylimine Cage Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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73
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Baumgärtner K, Meza Chincha AL, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Innentitelbild: A Conformationally Stable Contorted Hexabenzoovalene (Angew. Chem. 50/2016). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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74
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Baumgärtner K, Meza Chincha AL, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Inside Cover: A Conformationally Stable Contorted Hexabenzoovalene (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50/2016). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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75
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Beaudoin D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Chirality-Assisted Synthesis of a Very Large Octameric Hydrogen-Bonded Capsule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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76
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Beaudoin D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Chirality-Assisted Synthesis of a Very Large Octameric Hydrogen-Bonded Capsule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15599-15603. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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77
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Baumgärtner K, Meza Chincha AL, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Conformationally Stable Contorted Hexabenzoovalene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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78
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Baumgärtner K, Meza Chincha AL, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Conformationally Stable Contorted Hexabenzoovalene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15594-15598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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79
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Zhang G, Rominger F, Zschieschang U, Klauk H, Mastalerz M. Facile Synthetic Approach to a Large Variety of Soluble Diarenoperylenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14840-14845. [PMID: 27428573 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fused, extended π-systems such as larger acenes and heteroacenes are interesting compounds for organic thin-film transistors (TFTs). The larger the number of linearly cata-fused rings, the lower the stability of the acenes. By peri-fusion of additional rings, the stabilities can significantly be increased. Here we present a facile approach to use a diborylated dihydroanthracene as precursor to get diareno-fused perylenes in just two steps in high yields. The compounds show pronounced packing in the crystalline states by π-stacking. Promising candidates have been used to fabricate p-channel TFTs by vacuum sublimation showing field-effect mobilities up to 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 .
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80
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Beaudoin D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis and Chiral Resolution ofC3-Symmetric Tribenzotriquinacenes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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81
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Menke EH, Lami V, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. π-Extended rigid triptycene-trisaroylenimidazoles as electron acceptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1048-51. [PMID: 26595168 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07238g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two soluble isomeric acceptor molecules based on a triptycene core, which is connected to three aroylenimidazole units are described. Due to the inherent threefold axis, the molecules are soluble and thus could be fully photophysically characterized in solution and film. Additionally, the preliminary results of these acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices with two different donor materials are reported.
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82
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Zhang G, Lami V, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Rigid Conjugated Twisted Truxene Dimers and Trimers as Electron Acceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3977-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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83
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Zhang G, Lami V, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Rigid Conjugated Twisted Truxene Dimers and Trimers as Electron Acceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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84
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Zhang G, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Fused π-Extended Truxenes via a Threefold Borylation as the Key Step. Chemistry 2016; 22:3084-93. [PMID: 26833764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a threefold borylated truxene, which is accessible in high yields by iridium-catalyzed borylation under CH-activation, fused π-extended truxenes have been synthesized by a two-step method of first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and subsequent condensation reaction. The mild condensation method tolerates the presence of a variety of functional groups, such as nitro, fluoro, or carboxyl moieties. Furthermore, by using this approach, N- and S-heteroarene analogues become accessible for the first time, as well as larger structures that represent derivatives of precursors for fullerene C60 or buckybowls. The attached tert-butyl groups make all derivatives sufficiently soluble to allow full spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations. Postfunctionalization of selected derivatives for further synthetic applications of the compounds is also presented.
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85
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Mastalerz M. Single-Handed Towards Nanosized Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:45-7. [PMID: 26592493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hand in hand: Enantiopure reactants have been used to generate rigid molecular tweezers by Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. These result in the phenazine units curving in only one direction with formation of one product exclusively.
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86
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Kohl B, Bohnwagner MV, Rominger F, Wadepohl H, Dreuw A, Mastalerz M. Attractive Dispersion Interactions Versus Steric Repulsion oftert-Butyl groups in the Crystal Packing of aD3h-Symmetric Tris(quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine). Chemistry 2015; 22:646-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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87
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88
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Kohl B, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Crystal Structures of a Molecule Designed Not To Pack Tightly. Chemistry 2015; 21:17308-13. [PMID: 26450149 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules of intrinsic microporosity (OMIMs) are structurally constructed to not pack tightly. Consequently, only weak interactions between OMIM molecules can occur, which is the reason that almost all OMIMs have been described and investigated in their amorphous states. For the same reason it is very difficult to grow single crystals of OMIMs for X-ray structural analysis. Here we describe four different polymorphs of an OMIM that was before only described in the amorphous state.
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89
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Mastalerz M, Beaudoin D, Rominger F. Efficient, Scalable Syntheses of Important Intermediates in Tribenzotriquinacene Chemistry. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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90
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Reinhard D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of Triphenylene-Based Triptycenes via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Subsequent Scholl Reaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9342-8. [PMID: 26315496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A two-step method (Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, followed by Scholl oxidation) to triphenylene-based triptycenes is described, rendering a variety of π-extended triptycenes accessible in high yields and without the necessity of column chromatography purification. The versatility of this reaction has been demonstrated in the synthesis of a supertriptycene in only four steps and high yields.
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91
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Baumgärtner K, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. An Oxidative Macrobicyclic Ring Opening of a Triptycene to a Highly Functionalized Fluorene Derivative. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8881-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Reinhard D, Schöttner L, Brosius V, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis ofpara-Aryl-Substituted Salicyldialdehydes. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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93
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Kohl B, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Pyrene-FusedN-Heteroacene with Eleven Rectilinearly Annulated Aromatic Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6051-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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94
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Kohl B, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Ein Pyren-fusioniertes N-Heteroacen mit elf linear anellierten aromatischen Ringen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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95
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Elbert SM, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of a rigid C3v -symmetric tris-salicylaldehyde as a precursor for a highly porous molecular cube. Chemistry 2014; 20:16707-20. [PMID: 25335967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of a synthetic approach to a C3v -symmetric tris-salicylaldehyde based on triptycene is presented. The tris-salicylaldehyde is a versatile precursor for porous molecular materials, as demonstrated in the [4+4] condensation reaction with a triptycene triamine to form a molecular shape-persistent porous cube. The amorphous material of the molecular porous cube shows a very high surface area of 1014 m(2) g(-1) (BET model) and a high uptake of CO2 (18.2 wt % at 273 K and 1 bar). Furthermore, during the multistep synthesis of the tris-salicylaldehyde precursor, a relatively rare (twofold) addition of the aryne to the anthracene in the 1,4- and 1,4,5,8-positions have been found during a Diels-Alder reaction, as proven by X-ray structure analysis.
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96
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Kohl B, Over LC, Lohr T, Vasylyeva M, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Selective Even-Numbered Bromination of Triptycene Tris(thiadiazoles). Org Lett 2014; 16:5596-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502639x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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97
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Zhang G, Presly O, White F, Oppel IM, Mastalerz M. A Shape-Persistent Quadruply Interlocked Giant Cage Catenane with Two Distinct Pores in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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98
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Zhang G, Presly O, White F, Oppel IM, Mastalerz M. A Shape‐Persistent Quadruply Interlocked Giant Cage Catenane with Two Distinct Pores in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5126-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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99
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Kohl B, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Rigid π-Extended Triptycenes via a Hexaketone Precursor. Org Lett 2014; 16:704-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403383y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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100
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Zhang G, Presly O, White F, Oppel IM, Mastalerz M. A Permanent Mesoporous Organic Cage with an Exceptionally High Surface Area. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1516-20. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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