Abstract P5-07-11: Transcriptome alteration of breast cancer cells in the process of tumor-associated macrophages-promoted metastasis

Introduction: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the process of tumor metastasis. Previous studies have shown that TAMs induce breast cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by secreting CCL18. Reciprocally, the induced mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells activate macrophages into a TAM-like phenotype via secreting the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), forming a positive feedback loop that is essential to breast cancer metastasis.

Methods: To better understand the underlying mechanism that links this positive feedback loop to breast cancer metastasis, a TAMs-induced EMT cell model (MCF-7) was used. RNA-seq was used to compare the transcriptome of MCF-7 cells which were cocultured with TAMs and those with or without monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Results were further verified by qRT-PCR.

Results: Among 811 known protein-coding genes with reliable readouts, 42 were significantly changed between groups (P<0.001). Further analysis using KEGG, Reactome and Wikipathways databases found that these 42 genes were enriched in 15 signal pathways (P<0.01). According to their biological function, these pathways can be divided into 5 functional groups: SUMOylation related, virus related, immune related, interferon related and cytokine related. The last 3 groups demonstrated that our model were representative and able to provide some real and useful information, while SUMOylation and virus related signal pathways have never been reported to be involved in TAMs induced breast cancer metastasis.

Conclusion: We investigated the transcriptome alteration of MCF-7 cells in the process of TAMs-promoted metastasis. Results from bioinformatic analysis indicated SUMOylation and virus related signal pathways in the process of TAMs induced breast cancer metastasis, which are yet to be confirmed.

Citation Format: Long M, Yang M, An J, Su H, Liu R. Transcriptome alteration of breast cancer cells in the process of tumor-associated macrophages-promoted metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-11.

The preferences of young adults with Type 1 diabetes at clinics using a discrete choice experiment approach: the D1 Now Study

AIM

Attending routine outpatient clinic appointments is a central self-management behaviour of individuals living with Type 1 diabetes. A large number of young adults with Type 1 diabetes disengage from diabetes services, which may contribute to poor psychosocial and diabetes outcomes. The aim of this study is to elicit preferences from young adults with Type 1 diabetes regarding clinic-related services to inform service delivery.

METHODS

A discrete choice experiment was developed to understand the preferences of young adults with Type 1 diabetes for clinic-related services.

RESULTS

Young adults recruited from young adult Type 1 diabetes clinics in 2016 completed the experiment (n = 105). Young adults with Type 1 diabetes showed a preference for shorter waiting times, seeing a nurse and a consultant, relative to a nurse alone, and a flexible booking system compared with fixed appointment times. Results suggest no preference for a nurse and a doctor, relative to a nurse alone, or other optional services (e.g. seeing dietitians or psychologists), type of HbA_1c test and digital blood glucose diaries over paper-based diaries.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights aspects of routine clinic appointments that are valued by young adults living with Type 1 diabetes, namely shorter waiting times at clinic, the option to see both a nurse and consultant at each visit and a flexible clinic appointment booking system. These findings suggest young adults with Type 1 diabetes value convenience and should help services to restructure their clinics to be more responsive to the needs of young adults.

Strength in Numbers: an international consensus conference to develop a novel approach to care delivery for young adults with type 1 diabetes, the D1 Now Study

PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY

Many young adults with type 1 diabetes struggle with the day-to-day management of their condition. They often find it difficult to find the time to attend their clinic appointments and to meet with their diabetes healthcare team. Young adults living with type 1 diabetes are not routinely involved in research that may help improve health services other than being invited to take part in studies as research participants. A 3-day international conference was held in Galway in June 2016 called "Strength In Numbers: Teaming up to improve the health of young adults with type 1 diabetes". It aimed to bring together people from a broad variety of backgrounds with an interest in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Young people with type 1 diabetes came together with healthcare professionals, researchers, software developers and policy makers to come up with and agree on a new approach for engaging young adults with type 1 diabetes with their health services and to improve how they manage their diabetes.The people involved in the conference aimed to reach agreement (consensus) on a fixed set of outcome measures called a core outcome set (COS) that the group would recommend future studies involving young adults with type 1 diabetes to use, to suggest a new approach (intervention) for providing health services to young adults with type 1 diabetes, and to come up with health technology ideas that could help deliver the new intervention. Over the 3 days, this diverse international group of people that included young adults living with type 1 diabetes, agreed on a COS, 3 key parts of a new intervention and 1 possible health technology idea that could help with how the overall intervention could be delivered.Involving young adults living with type 1 diabetes in a 3-day conference along with other key groups is an effective method for coming up with a new approach to improve health services for young adults with type 1 diabetes and better support their self-management.

ABSTRACT

Background A 3-day international consensus meeting was hosted by the D1 Now study team in Galway on June 22-24, 2016 called "Strength In Numbers: Teaming up to improve the health of young adults with type 1 diabetes". The aim of the meeting was to bring together young adults with type 1 diabetes, healthcare providers, policy makers and researchers to reach a consensus on strategies to improve engagement, self-management and ultimately outcomes for young adults living with type 1 diabetes. Methods This diverse stakeholder group participated in the meeting to reach consensus on (i) a core outcome set (COS) to be used in future intervention studies involving young adults with type 1 diabetes, (ii) new strategies for delivering health services to young adults and (iii) potential digital health solutions that could be incorporated into a future intervention. Results A COS of 8 outcomes and 3 key intervention components that aim to improve engagement between young adults with type 1 diabetes and service providers were identified. A digital health solution that could potentially compliment the intervention components was proposed. Conclusion The outputs from the 3-day consensus conference, that held patient and public involvement at its core, will help the research team further develop and test the D1 Now intervention for young adults with type 1 diabetes in a pilot and feasibility study and ultimately in a definitive trial. The conference represents a good example of knowledge exchange among different stakeholders for health research and service improvement.

Final kissing balloon inflation for coronary bifurcation lesions treated with single-stent technique : A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The efficacy of final kissing balloon (FKB) inflation in one-stent techniques for bifurcation lesions is controversial. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of FKB on long-term clinical outcomes in one-stent strategies.

METHODS

A literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was undertaken through August 2017. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Overall hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model.

RESULTS

Ten studies comprising 7364 patients treated with a one-stent technique were included in the analysis. Overall, FKB did not demonstrate a significant reduction in MACE compared with non-FKB in both randomized trials (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.65-1.98) and observational studies (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.61-1.20). The risk of cardiac death (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53-1.49), myocardial infarction (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.53-1.09), and target lesion revascularization (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.74-1.23) was also similar in both groups.

CONCLUSION

FKB may not be mandatory and a selective FKB strategy might be more justified in one-stent techniques for bifurcation lesions.

[Prevalence of hearing disorders in China: a population-based survey in four provinces of China]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, severity of hearing disorders and demographics of people with hearing disorders based on the whole population in Jilin, Guangdong, Shannxi and Gansu provinces in China. Methods: According to " WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol" , 144 clusters were chosen with probability proportional sampling(PPS) method from the four provinces covering 194, 688, 061 residents. Audiological test, otological examination and questionnaire surveying were conducted for all samples from August, 2014 to September, 2015. The hearing disorders were classified according to WHO criteria and classification. Results: Among 47 511 targeted residents, 45, 052 individuals (94.82% response rate) participated in the survey. The standardized prevalence rates of hearing disorders and disabling hearing disorders were 15.84 % and 5.17 % respectively. Almost 50% of people with hearing disorders had no awareness of it or its starting time. There was significant difference in the prevalence among people of different ages, genders, occupations, provinces, marital status and education levels. The prevalence of hearing disorders increased significantly as age grew. People above 60 years old occupied 55.31% of the total hearing disorders. The prevalence of hearing disorders among male, people of low education and those who lost husband or wife, as well as workers and farmers was relatively higher. Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing disorders is high, and hearing disorders are " invisible" . Demographics and socioeconomic factors significantly influence the prevalence of hearing disorders.

Abstract P2-11-09: A p53-based strategy for protecting normal breast tissue from chemotherapy-induced damage in breast conserving therapy

Introduction: Currently, the global rate of breast conserving therapy (BCT) increased steadily. Most patients with BCT are treated with chemotherapy. However, most chemotherapeutical drugs that kill cancer cells also cause undesirable injuries to normal breast tissues. Normal breast tissue damage will further cause destruction of female secondary sex characteristics, and ultimately affect the quality of patients' lives. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the normal breast tissues for BCT patients during chemotherapy. More and more evidence shows that chemotherapy-induced normal tissue damage is mainly caused by the activation of p53 pathway, which is separate from the tumor suppressor pathway of p53. Previous studies found that use of low-dose arsenic (LDA) could temporarily and reversibly suppresses p53 activation. There are recent studies showing LDA selectively protect bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract during cancer treatment. Therefore, we hypothesize that use of LDA to temporary inhibit p53 activity will be a new strategy to protect the breast normal tissues for breast conserving patients.

Methods: Human breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10A, and three breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (estrogen receptor and E6 expressed), MDA-MB-231 (triple negative and p53 mutated) and BT-474 (HER2 overexpressed and p53 mutated), were tested in this study. All cells were pretreated with either PBS or 100nM sodium arsenite for 12 hours, followed by 375 μM 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or DMSO for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cellular viability was determined by MTT assay and cell morphology was recorded under a light microscope.

Results: Morphology changes after 5-FU treatment include: the cell density decreased, the cells became rounded in shape, the cell membrane atrophied, the cell nuclei underwent pyknosis, and the cells formed a globule with nuclear and cytoplasmic fragments surrounded by the cell membrane. LDA pretreated-MCF10A cells showed significant reduced growth inhibition by 5-FU at all detected time pointes as demonstrated by MTT assay and morphology observation. Interestingly, LDA treatment had negligible effect on survival in breast cancer cells.

Table 1. Cell growth evaluated by MTT assay.Time after 5-FU treatment(h)Cell lineControl (%)LDA (%)5-FU (%)LDA+5-FU (%)24MCF-10A10099.3051.3878.28 MCF-710097.3268.5165.64 MDA-MB-23110094.9669.5669.13 BT-47410098.7971.5071.5948MCF-10A10097.3729.1347.74 MCF-710091.7649.9148.95 MDA-MB-23110093.769.048.81 BT-47410092.0460.4361.0072MCF-10A10096.3418.3443.64 MCF-710091.0142.0039.40 MDA-MB-23110093.596.445.39 BT-47410091.4635.7636.95

Conclusion: Temporary LDA pretreatment selectively protected normal tissue cells, but not tumor cells from toxicity of 5-FU chemotherapy. Our findings indicated that LDA pretreatment is a potential strategy to protect normal breast tissue during chemotherapy for BCT patients.

RL and HS contributed equally to this work.

Citation Format: Long M, Huang Y, Liu R, Liu R, Su H. A p53-based strategy for protecting normal breast tissue from chemotherapy-induced damage in breast conserving therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-09.

Abstract P5-03-12: Selenocystine inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited effective treatment options. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of TNBC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inherent byproducts of oxidative metabolism, and forced stimulation of glucose oxidation in cancer cells raises oxidative stress and sensitizes cells to different stresses. Therefore, targeting the antioxidant capacity of cancer cells has become a promising anticancer strategy. As a redox modulator, selenocystine (SeC) has received a great deal of attention and has been shown effective against human melanoma, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and cancers of liver, lung and cervical in vitro. However, whether SeC exerts an anticancer effect on TNBC cells has never been explored.

Methods: The dose-response effects and time course of effects of SeC on three different TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-468, were investigated in this study. Cellular viability was determined by the CCK-8 assay and cell morphology were recorded under a light microscope. Cellular apoptosis was detected using Annexin V/PI staining assay and cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results: SeC induced cell growth inhibition in all three TNBC cell lines. For 24, 48 and 72 hours of SeC treatments, the IC50 values were 40.8, 12.8 and 9.2 μM for MDA-MB-231 cells; 14.6, 5.4 and 3.0 μM for MDA-MB-436 cells; and 69.6, 29.3 and 19.9 μM for MDA-MB-468 cells. The changes of cellular morphology of TNBC cells in response to SeC treatment were similar to those cells undergoing apoptotic pathway. This result was confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining assays (Table 1). Cell cycle analysis further revealed that SeC also induced S-phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner (Table 2).

Conclusion: In summary, SeC inhibited TNBC cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner which was attributed to the induction of apoptosis and S-phase arrest. Our finding indicates that SeC is a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC.

Table 1. Apoptotic rate of TNBC cells after SeC treatment.Conc.(μM)MDA-MB-231MDA-MB-436MDA-MB-46805.8 %18.1 %26.7 %1025.5 %45.8 %60.7 %2040.1 %67.1 %70.9 %4054.7 %70.7 %74.5 %

Table 2. SeC induces S-phase arrest in TNBC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conc.(μM)G0/G1 (%)S (%)G2/M (%)MDA-MB-231016.655.927.5 1050.139.310.6 2045.548.16.4 4041.753.05.3MDA-MB-436042.127.630.3 1036.335.028.7 2034.340.725.0 4032.445.422.2MDA-MB-468059.123.717.2 1054.929.315.8 2050.135.714.2 4043.843.113.1

Citation Format: Long M, Qiu W, Wu J, Liu R, Su H. Selenocystine inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-12.

Subclinical hypothyroidism and the associations with macrovascular complications and chronic kidney disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes

AIMS

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is high among patients with diabetes, although the relationship between SCH and diabetic vascular complications is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SCH and vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

In this cross sectional study, 991 patients with Type 2 diabetes were screened for thyroid function at their admission to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. We compared the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the prevalence of euthyroidism and SCH.

RESULTS

Among the 991 patients, 126 (12.7%) patients had SCH. The prevalence of CHD was significantly higher in the SCH group than in the euthyroid group (22.2% and 15.0%, respectively; P = 0.039). In the logistic regression analyses, SCH was associated with CHD [odds ratio (OR): 1.993; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.135-3.497; P = 0.016]. This association was stronger in patients aged ≥ 65 years than in younger patients [2.474 (1.173-5.220); P = 0.017]. No significant association was found between SCH and ischaemic stroke. Patients with severe SCH had a high risk of CKD [1.842 (1.120-3.029); P = 0.016].

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence that SCH in patients with Type 2 diabetes is associated with a high prevalence of CHD (and CKD in severe SCH), although not with ischaemic stroke.

Validity and reliability of eye healthcare professionals in the assessment of glaucoma - a systematic review

OBJECTIVE(S)

To explore the validity and reliability of eye healthcare professionals with different levels of training in diagnosing and/or identifying glaucomatous progression.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Substantial pressure is being placed on our current eye healthcare workforce by chronic diseases such as glaucoma. Shared care schemes and role expansion of professionals other than ophthalmologists are being proposed to alleviate this pressure. A sound evidence base is imperative to determine whether other allied health professionals are skilled and clinically competent, when it comes to taking on these new roles in glaucoma management.

METHODS

A systematic review of research articles identified in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library was performed. Studies which investigated rater reliability of various health professionals in diagnosing and/or identifying glaucoma progression against a reference standard were included.

RESULTS

Of the 4088 publications identified by the initial database search, 32 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies demonstrated positive results, with most finding moderate to substantial agreement for inter- and intra-rater reliability across all testing modalities. The eye health professionals with ophthalmology training consistently attained the greatest agreement. When allied health professionals with different levels of training were compared, those who had completed residency training were significantly better than those who had not.

CONCLUSION

The studies included in this review show promising results, including those raters without ophthalmology training. A lack of power calculations, unequal sample sizes in some studies and the diversity of the testing procedures used make it difficult to make sound inferences.

Antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas

AIMS

The study aims to demonstrate the antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

METHODS AND RESULTS

Antimicrobial testing was performed according to the standard disk diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of disinfectants were determined using the agar dilution method. All isolates were screened for the presence of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance genes and further analysed for genetic relatedness by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results showed that 46·6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to fewer antimicrobials as panda age increased. Among antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates, the antimicrobial resistance genes blaCTX-M (88·2%) and sul1 (92·3%) were most prevalent. The disinfectant resistance genes emrE, ydgE/ydgF, mdfA and sugE(c) were commonly present (68·2-98·9%), whereas qac and sugE(p) were relatively less prevalent (0-21·3%). The frequencies of resistance genes tended to be higher in E. coli isolated in December than in July, and PFGE profiles were also more diverse in isolates in December. The qacEΔ1 and sugE(p) genes were higher in adolescent pandas than in any other age groups. PFGE revealed that antimicrobial resistance correlated well with sampling time and habitat.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance was common in giant panda-derived E. coli, and the antimicrobial resistance was associated with sampling time and habitat. Escherichia coli could serve as a critical vector in spreading disinfectant and antimicrobial resistance.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This is the first study that demonstrated the phenotypic and genetic characterizations of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in E. coli isolates from more than 60 giant pandas. Frequent transfer of pandas to other cages may lead to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The study highlights the need for regularly monitoring the antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in bacteria from giant pandas.

Morphologic control of Sb-rich Sb2Se3 to adjust its catalytic hydrogenation properties for p-nitrophenol

Sb-rich Sb₂Se₃ with hollow sphere morphology is an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol.

Five days of head-down-tilt bed rest induces noninflammatory shedding of L-selectin

Head-down-tilt bed rest (HDTBR) is a popular model, simulating alterations of gravitation during space missions. The aim of this study was to obtain a better insight into the complexly orchestrated regulations of HDTBR-induced immunological responses, hypothesizing that artificial gravity can mitigate these HDTBR-related physiological effects. This crossover-designed 5 days of HDTBR study included three protocols with no, or daily 30 min of centrifugation or 6 × 5 min of centrifugation. Twelve healthy, male participants donated blood pre-HDTBR, post-HDTBR, and twice during HDTBR. Cellular immune changes were assessed either by enumerative and immune cell phenotyping assays or by functional testing of responses to either recall antigens or receptor-dependent activation by chemotactic agents N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and with TNF-α. The expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin (CD62L) on the surface of granulocytes and its shedding into plasma samples were measured. In parallel, other humoral factor, such as interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, parameters of endothelial damage (glycocalyx) were determined. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly increased during HDTBR. Although immune functional tests did not indicate a change in the immune performance, the expression of CD62L on resting granulocytes was significantly shed by 50% during HDTBR. Although the latter is normally associated to an activation of inflammatory innate immune responses and during interaction of granulocytes with the endothelium, CD62L shedding was, however, not related either to a systemic inflammatory alteration or to shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx during bed rest. This suggests a noninflammatory or “mechanical” shedding related to fluid shifts during head-down intervention and not to an acute inflammatory process.