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Bertaccini EJ, Dickinson R, Trudell JR, Franks NP. Molecular modeling of a tandem two pore domain potassium channel reveals a putative binding site for general anesthetics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1246-52. [PMID: 25340635 PMCID: PMC4306477 DOI: 10.1021/cn500172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
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Anesthetics are thought
to mediate a portion of their activity
via binding to and modulation of potassium channels. In particular,
tandem pore potassium channels (K2P) are transmembrane ion channels
whose current is modulated by the presence of general anesthetics
and whose genetic absence has been shown to confer a level of anesthetic
resistance. While the exact molecular structure of all K2P forms remains
unknown, significant progress has been made toward understanding their
structure and interactions with anesthetics via the methods of molecular
modeling, coupled with the recently released higher resolution structures
of homologous potassium channels to act as templates. Such models
reveal the convergence of amino acid regions that are known to modulate
anesthetic activity onto a common three- dimensional cavity that forms
a putative anesthetic binding site. The model successfully predicts
additional important residues that are also involved in the putative
binding site as validated by the results of suggested experimental
mutations. Such a model can now be used to further predict other amino
acid residues that may be intimately involved in the target-based
structure–activity relationships that are necessary for anesthetic
binding.
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Stewart B, Kanal K, Dickinson R, Zamora D. MO-F-16A-06: Implementation of a Radiation Exposure Monitoring System for Surveillance of Multi-Modality Radiation Dose Data. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kanal K, Hoff M, Dickinson R, Zamora D, Stewart B. SU-E-E-01: ABR Diagnostic Radiology Core Exam: Was Our Redesigned Physics Course Successful in Teaching Physics to Radiology Residents? Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4887932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yip GMS, Chen ZW, Edge CJ, Smith EH, Dickinson R, Hohenester E, Townsend RR, Fuchs K, Sieghart W, Evers AS, Franks NP. A propofol binding site on mammalian GABAA receptors identified by photolabeling. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:715-20. [PMID: 24056400 PMCID: PMC3951778 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is the most important intravenous general anesthetic in current clinical use. It acts by potentiating GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors, but where it binds to this receptor is not known and has been a matter of some debate. We synthesized a new propofol analog photolabeling reagent whose biological activity is very similar to that of propofol. We confirmed that this reagent labeled known propofol binding sites in human serum albumin that have been identified using X-ray crystallography. Using a combination of protiated and deuterated versions of the reagent to label mammalian receptors in intact membranes, we identified a new binding site for propofol in GABAA receptors consisting of both β3 homopentamers and α1β3 heteropentamers. The binding site is located within the β subunit at the interface between the transmembrane domains and the extracellular domain and lies close to known determinants of anesthetic sensitivity in the transmembrane segments TM1 and TM2.
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Mizandari M, Pai M, Xi F, Valek V, Tomas A, Quaretti P, Golfieri R, Mosconi C, Guokun A, Kyriakides C, Dickinson R, Nicholls J, Habib N. Percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation is a safe treatment for malignant biliary obstruction: feasibility and early results. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012; 36:814-9. [PMID: 23232859 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-012-0529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous clinical studies have shown the safety and efficacy of this novel radiofrequency ablation catheter when used for endoscopic palliative procedures. We report a retrospective study with the results of first in man percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction were included. These patients underwent intraductal biliary radiofrequency ablation of their malignant biliary strictures following external biliary decompression with an internal-external biliary drainage. Following ablation, they had a metal stent inserted. RESULTS Following this intervention, there were no 30-day mortality, hemorrhage, bile duct perforation, bile leak, or pancreatitis. Of the 39 patients, 28 are alive and 10 patients are dead with a median survival of 89.5 (range 14-260) days and median stent patency of 84.5 (range 14-260) days. One patient was lost to follow-up. All but one patient had their stent patent at the time of last follow-up or death. One patient with stent blockage at 42 days postprocedure underwent percutaneous transhepatic drain insertion and restenting. Among the patients who are alive (n = 28) the median stent patency was 92 (range 14-260) days, whereas the patients who died (n = 10) had a median stent patency of 62.5 (range 38-210) days. CONCLUSIONS In this group of patients, it appears that this new approach is feasible and safe. Efficacy remains to be proven in future, randomized, prospective studies.
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Yang X, Han R, Guo Y, Bradley J, Cox B, Dickinson R, Kitney R. Modelling and performance analysis of clinical pathways using the stochastic process algebra PEPA. BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13 Suppl 14:S4. [PMID: 23095226 PMCID: PMC3439723 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-s14-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospitals nowadays have to serve numerous patients with limited medical staff and equipment while maintaining healthcare quality. Clinical pathway informatics is regarded as an efficient way to solve a series of hospital challenges. To date, conventional research lacks a mathematical model to describe clinical pathways. Existing vague descriptions cannot fully capture the complexities accurately in clinical pathways and hinders the effective management and further optimization of clinical pathways. Method Given this motivation, this paper presents a clinical pathway management platform, the Imperial Clinical Pathway Analyzer (ICPA). By extending the stochastic model performance evaluation process algebra (PEPA), ICPA introduces a clinical-pathway-specific model: clinical pathway PEPA (CPP). ICPA can simulate stochastic behaviours of a clinical pathway by extracting information from public clinical databases and other related documents using CPP. Thus, the performance of this clinical pathway, including its throughput, resource utilisation and passage time can be quantitatively analysed. Results A typical clinical pathway on stroke extracted from a UK hospital is used to illustrate the effectiveness of ICPA. Three application scenarios are tested using ICPA: 1) redundant resources are identified and removed, thus the number of patients being served is maintained with less cost; 2) the patient passage time is estimated, providing the likelihood that patients can leave hospital within a specific period; 3) the maximum number of input patients are found, helping hospitals to decide whether they can serve more patients with the existing resource allocation. Conclusions ICPA is an effective platform for clinical pathway management: 1) ICPA can describe a variety of components (state, activity, resource and constraints) in a clinical pathway, thus facilitating the proper understanding of complexities involved in it; 2) ICPA supports the performance analysis of clinical pathway, thereby assisting hospitals to effectively manage time and resources in clinical pathway.
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Zamora D, Dickinson R, Kanal K, Stewart B. MO-F-213CD-07: Implementation of Dose Monitoring in a Cardiology Department with Independent Medical Reporting Systems. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Zamora D, Kanal K, Dickinson R, Shuman W, Stewart B. TU-G-217BCD-09: Integration of Recent NEMA (MITA) XR-25 CT Dose-Check Standard into Clinical Practice. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dickinson R, Kanal K, Zamora D, Stewart B. SU-E-I-34: Air Kerma to Estimated Entrance Skin Dose Look-Up Tables: A Tool to Improve Dose Awareness in the Angiography Suite. Med Phys 2012; 39:3632. [PMID: 28519524 DOI: 10.1118/1.4734749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although air kerma (AK) is displayed during a case, often it does not represent the entrance skin dose (ESD), which can be estimated. The purpose of this work is to develop and provide system-customized AK-to- ESD look-up tables (LUTs) for immediate reference so that physicians can better evaluate the likelihood of deterministic skin reactions to weigh the risk-versus-benefit of continuing high-dose procedures. METHODS Four correction factors are applied to estimate ESD from AK: inverse square correction from the interventional reference point to the average entrance table position, backscatter factor, mean energy absorption coefficient ratio, and measured table attenuation. Correction factors are room and service specific; therefore, room-specific AK-to-ESD LUTs are posted for easy reference. LUTs also list corresponding tissue reactions and their approximate time-of-onset. Protocols can be established for nurse or technology staff to provide verbal AK dose notifications during the case at crucial skin reaction dose thresholds (e.g. 2Gy indicating possible skin erythema and 5Gy indicating potentially prolonged recovery or permanent skin damage). Patient follow-up protocols can be established if the estimated ESD exceeds a set trigger level (e.g. 5Gy). Staff and physicians surveys evaluate usefulness and impact of dose awareness by system users. RESULTS Two surveys report feedback on LUTs from physicians and technologists with 14 years median experience (range: 3-24 years). Over three-quarters of all angiography system users identify the LUTs and verbal dose notifications as positively affecting the institution's 'Patient First' initiative and roughly one-half of the imaging system users indicate that the LUTs and site-specific dose trigger level improves the dose awareness of care providers. CONCLUSIONS Our efforts have focused on educating care providers about the differences between displayed AK and the estimated ESD. LUTs provide physicians and staff an immediate reference for estimated ESD and the associated deterministic skin effects at specific dose levels.
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Stewart B, Zamora D, Dickinson R, Rohrmann C, Kanal K. MO-F-213CD-06: Implementation of Fluoroscopy Dose Mining and Analysis Process for Continuous Quality Assurance. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Kanal K, Dickinson R, Zamora D, Cohen W, Valji K, Stewart B. MO-F-213CD-05: Establishing a Follow-Up Process for Angiographic Patients Receiving an Estimated Entrance Skin Dose in Excess of 5 Gy. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dickinson R, Kanal K, Zamora D, Stewart B. MO-F-110-01: Analysis of Distribution of Procedure Time and Dose in Interventional Radiography (IR): Setting Thresholds for Case Review. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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39
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Kanal K, Dickinson R, Zamora D, Stewart B. SU-E-E-06: The New ABR Exam: What Have We Done to Change the Way We Teach Physics to Residents? Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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40
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Dickinson R, Franks NP. Bench-to-bedside review: Molecular pharmacology and clinical use of inert gases in anesthesia and neuroprotection. Crit Care 2010; 14:229. [PMID: 20836899 PMCID: PMC2945072 DOI: 10.1186/cc9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade there has been a resurgence of interest in the clinical use of inert gases. In the present paper we review the use of inert gases as anesthetics and neuroprotectants, with particular attention to the clinical use of xenon. We discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular pharmacology of xenon and we highlight specific pharmacological targets that may mediate its actions as an anesthetic and neuroprotectant. We summarize recent in vitro and in vivo studies on the actions of helium and the other inert gases, and discuss their potential to be used as neuroprotective agents.
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Kanal K, Gunn M, Dickinson R, Stewart B. TH-C-201B-03: Computed Tomography Dose Data Mining and Surveillance as an Ongoing Quality Assurance Improvement Process. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Barber ND, Alldred DP, Raynor DK, Dickinson R, Garfield S, Jesson B, Lim R, Savage I, Standage C, Buckle P, Carpenter J, Franklin B, Woloshynowych M, Zermansky AG. Care homes' use of medicines study: prevalence, causes and potential harm of medication errors in care homes for older people. Qual Saf Health Care 2009; 18:341-6. [PMID: 19812095 PMCID: PMC2762085 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2009.034231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Care home residents are at particular risk from medication errors, and our objective was to determine the prevalence and potential harm of prescribing, monitoring, dispensing and administration errors in UK care homes, and to identify their causes. METHODS A prospective study of a random sample of residents within a purposive sample of homes in three areas. Errors were identified by patient interview, note review, observation of practice and examination of dispensed items. Causes were understood by observation and from theoretically framed interviews with home staff, doctors and pharmacists. Potential harm from errors was assessed by expert judgement. RESULTS The 256 residents recruited in 55 homes were taking a mean of 8.0 medicines. One hundred and seventy-eight (69.5%) of residents had one or more errors. The mean number per resident was 1.9 errors. The mean potential harm from prescribing, monitoring, administration and dispensing errors was 2.6, 3.7, 2.1 and 2.0 (0 = no harm, 10 = death), respectively. Contributing factors from the 89 interviews included doctors who were not accessible, did not know the residents and lacked information in homes when prescribing; home staff's high workload, lack of medicines training and drug round interruptions; lack of team work among home, practice and pharmacy; inefficient ordering systems; inaccurate medicine records and prevalence of verbal communication; and difficult to fill (and check) medication administration systems. CONCLUSIONS That two thirds of residents were exposed to one or more medication errors is of concern. The will to improve exists, but there is a lack of overall responsibility. Action is required from all concerned.
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Sykes J, Lindsay R, Fairfoul J, Emmens D, Dickinson R, Thwaites D. DEVELOPMENT OF A CLINICALLY REALISTIC TEST FOR EVALUATION OF X-RAY TOMOGRAPHIC IGRT SYSTEMS. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lindsay R, Sykes J, Stanley S, Dickinson R, Thwaites D. A TECHNICAL EVALUATION AND IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY OF THREE IGRT SYSTEMS AT ELEVEN UK CENTRES. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ayav A, Jiao L, Dickinson R, Nicholls J, Milicevic M, Pellicci R, Bachellier P, Habib N. Liver resection with a new multiprobe bipolar radiofrequency device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 143:396-401; discussion 401. [PMID: 18427028 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.143.4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Liver resection can be associated with marked blood loss. A novel multiprobe bipolar radiofrequency device (Habib 4X; RITA Medical Systems Inc, Fremont, California) has been developed to assist in liver resection and to reduce intraoperative blood loss. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Tertiary referral unit. PATIENTS Sixty-two patients requiring liver resection between November 1, 2004, and February 28, 2006, primarily for metastatic cancer. INTERVENTION Liver resection with the radiofrequency device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intraoperative blood loss, liver parenchyma transection time, and complications. RESULTS There were 51 minor and 11 major hepatectomies. Mean (SD) transection time was 39 (27) seconds per square centimeter. Mean (SD) blood loss was 4.8 (5.6) mL per square centimeter. No patient required hepatic inflow occlusion. One patient required blood transfusion. There were no deaths, and the morbidity rate was 18%. Mean (SD) hospital stay was 8 (3) days. CONCLUSIONS This new bipolar radiofrequency device allows minor and major hepatectomies to be performed with minimal blood loss, low blood transfusion requirement, and reduced mortality and morbidity rates.
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Rhodes JM, Robinson R, Beales I, Pugh S, Dickinson R, Dronfield M, Speirs CJ, Wilkinson P, Wilkinson SP. Clinical trial: oral prednisolone metasulfobenzoate (Predocol) vs. oral prednisolone for active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:228-40. [PMID: 17988236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic corticosteroids are effective in ulcerative colitis but commonly cause side effects. AIM To compare the safety and efficacy of a sparingly absorbed formulation of prednisolone metasulfobenzoate (Predocol) with a conventional tapering course of oral prednisolone. METHOD In a double-blind randomized study, 59 active ulcerative colitis patients received Predocol 40 mg/day for 6 months, 61 received Predocol 60 mg/day for 6 months and 61 received prednisolone 40 mg/day for 2 weeks, tapered to week 8, followed by placebo until 6 months. RESULTS Steroid-related side effects assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale were fewer at 2 months with Predocol 40 mg [VAS 8.1 cm (2.6), mean (s.d.)], or 60 mg [8.1 (2.1)] compared with prednisolone [6.7 (2.7); P = 0.01]. Mood changes affected 43% receiving prednisolone at 4 weeks vs. 8% for Predocol 40 mg (P = 0.001). Remission rates (Powell-Tuck < or =2) at 2 months were Predocol 40 mg 46%, Predocol 60 mg 28% and tapering prednisolone 41% (P = 0.13). Visual analogue scale for efficacy also showed non-inferiority for Predocol 40 mg/day. Remission rates at 6 months were Predocol 40 mg 51%, Predocol 60 mg 38% and tapering prednisolone 32% (P = 0.08). CONCLUSION Predocol 40 mg/day has similar efficacy but markedly fewer side effects than a conventional tapering prednisolone regimen (ISRCTN14133410).
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Waring JF, Yang Y, Healan-Greenberg CH, Adler AL, Dickinson R, McNally T, Wang X, Weitzberg M, Xu X, Lisowski A, Warder SE, Gu YG, Zinker BA, Blomme EA, Camp HS. Gene Expression Analysis in Rats Treated with Experimental Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitors Suggests Interactions with the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:507-16. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Andres-Enguix I, Caley A, Yustos R, Schumacher MA, Spanu PD, Dickinson R, Maze M, Franks NP. Determinants of the Anesthetic Sensitivity of Two-pore Domain Acid-sensitive Potassium Channels. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:20977-90. [PMID: 17548360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610692200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain two-pore domain K(+) channels are plausible targets for volatile general anesthetics, yet little is known at the molecular level about how these simple agents cause channel activation. The first anesthetic-activated K(+) current I(K(An)) that was characterized was discovered in the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis and is remarkable for both its sensitivity to general anesthetics and its stereoselective responses to anesthetic enantiomers (Franks, N. P., and Lieb, W. R. (1988) Nature 333, 662-664 and Franks, N. P., and Lieb, W. R. (1991) Science 254, 427-430). Here we report the molecular cloning of a two-pore domain K(+) channel LyTASK from L. stagnalis and show that, when expressed in HEK-293 cells, it displays the same biophysical characteristics as the anesthetic-activated K(+) current I(K(An)). Sequence analysis and functional properties show it to be a member of the TASK family of channels with approximately 47% identity at the amino acid level when compared with human TASK-1 and TASK-3. By using chimeric channel constructs and site-directed mutagenesis we have identified the specific amino acid 159 to be a critical determinant of anesthetic sensitivity, which, when mutated to alanine, essentially eliminates anesthetic activation in the human channels and greatly reduces activation in LyTASK. The L159A mutation in LyTASK disrupts the stereoselective response to isoflurane while having no effect on the pH sensitivity of the channel, suggesting this critical amino acid may form part of an anesthetic binding site.
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Dickinson R, Erwin W, Bidaut L, Vija A, Williams C, Wendt R. SU-FF-I-107: Improving the Accuracy of CT Topograms for Node Localization in Breast Lymphoscintigraphy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Dickinson R, Stevens D, Williams C, Wendt R. SU-FF-I-105: Dosimetric Comparison of Planar and 3-Dimensional Methods of Anatomic Localization for Breast Lymphoscintigraphy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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