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Shaikh S, Rizvi S, Anis R, Shakil S. Prevalence of CTX-M resistance marker and integrons among Escherichia coli
and Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates of clinical origin. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:419-27. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shaikh S, Stenz J, McVinnie D, Morrison J, Getzen T, Carlin A, Mir F. Percutaneous gastric remnant gastrostomy following roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a single tertiary center’s twelve year experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sapi E, Balasubramanian K, Poruri A, Maghsoudlou JS, Socarras KM, Timmaraju AV, Filush KR, Gupta K, Shaikh S, Theophilus PAS, Luecke DF, MacDonald A, Zelger B. Evidence of In Vivo Existence of Borrelia Biofilm in Borrelial Lymphocytomas. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2016; 6:9-24. [PMID: 27141311 PMCID: PMC4838982 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2015.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, has grown into a major public health problem. We recently identified a novel morphological form of B. burgdorferi, called biofilm, a structure that is well known to be highly resistant to antibiotics. However, there is no evidence of the existence of Borrelia biofilm in vivo; therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the presence of Borrelia biofilm in infected human skin tissues. Archived skin biopsy tissues from borrelial lymphocytomas (BL) were reexamined for the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato using Borrelia-specific immunohistochemical staining (IHC), fluorescent in situ hybridization, combined fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)–IHC, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescent and atomic force microscopy methods. Our morphological and histological analyses showed that significant amounts of Borrelia-positive spirochetes and aggregates exist in the BL tissues. Analyzing structures positive for Borrelia showed that aggregates, but not spirochetes, expressed biofilm markers such as protective layers of different mucopolysaccharides, especially alginate. Atomic force microscopy revealed additional hallmark biofilm features of the Borrelia/alginate-positive aggregates such as inside channels and surface protrusions. In summary, this is the first study that demonstrates the presence of Borrelia biofilm in human infected skin tissues.
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Ren S, Cooper K, Cooper JA, Smith HT, Shaikh S. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Pharmacological Therapies Used for Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A390. [PMID: 27200898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Shaikh NA, Yantha J, Shaikh S, Rowe W, Laidlaw M, Cockerline C, Ali A, Holub B, Jackowski G. Efficacy of a unique omega-3 formulation on the correction of nutritional deficiency and its effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors in a randomized controlled VASCAZEN(®) REVEAL Trial. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:9-22. [PMID: 25185754 PMCID: PMC4176569 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Low blood levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) have been reported to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Systematic studies measuring LC n-3 PUFA blood levels (pre and post-treatment) in defined subjects, and monitoring the correction of nutritional deficiency with a pure LC n-3 PUFA formulation in sufficient doses, while monitoring CVD risk factors are lacking. We tested the efficacy of a novel LC n-3 PUFA Medical Food formulation (VASCAZEN®, > 90 % pure with a 6:1 eicosapentaenoic acid-(EPA):docosahexaenoic acid-(DHA) ratio; 6:1-OM3), to correct such deficiency and determine the concomitant effects on lipid profiles. Of 655 subjects screened, 89 % were LC n-3 PUFA deficient (Omega-Score, (OS) = blood EPA + DHA + Docosapentaenoic acid < 6.1 %). From these, a study was conducted on 110 ambulatory cardiovascular subjects. Placebo: corn oil. Primary endpoint: change in OS. Secondary endpoint: changes in blood lipid profiles. At 8 weeks of treatment with 6:1-OM3 (4 g/day), placebo-adjusted median OS levels (n = 56) significantly improved (132 %, P < 0.0001) with a decrease in AA (arachidonic acid): EPA ratio (82 %, P < 0.0001). In hypertriglyceridemic subjects (TG 2.26–5.65 mmol/L), HDL-C improved (9 %, P = 0.0069), TG-reduced (48 %, P < 0.0001), and VLDL-C reduced (30 %, P = 0.0023), without significantly affecting LDL-C levels. This study confirms that LC n-3 PUFA deficiency is prevalent in the US population, and its correction with 6:1-OM3 in CVD subjects improves lipid profiles. The purity, EPA:DHA ratio and dose are determinant factors for optimal efficacy of a formulation in reducing CVD risk factors.
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Bensen W, Kelsall J, Sheriff M, Jones N, Fortin I, Chow A, Shaikh S, Choquette D, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Nantel F, Shawi M, Otawa S, Lehman A. AB1060 Are There Gender-Specific Differences in Patient Characteristics at Initiation of Biologic Treatment in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rahman P, Shaikh S, Starr M, Bensen W, Choquette D, Olszynski W, Sheriff M, Zummer M, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Lehman A, Otawa S, Nantel F, Letourneau V, Shawi M. AB0760 Real-World Validation of the Minimal Disease Activity Index in Psoriatic Arthritis: an Analysis from the Prospective, Observational Registry, Biotrac. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sholter D, Rahman P, Avina-Zubieta J, Kelsall J, Arendse R, Khraishi M, Shaikh S, Bensen W, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Nantel F, Shawi M, Otawa S, Lehman A. THU0438 Is Skin Disease More Important to Patients or Physicians in the Assessment of Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rahman P, Choquette D, Khraishi M, Bensen W, Shaikh S, Sholter D, Sheriff M, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Nantel F, Otawa S, Lehman A, Shawi M. SAT0363 Validation of the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity SCORE (ASDAS) and Effectiveness of Infliximab in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis over 4 Years. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rahman P, Choquette D, Bensen W, Khraishi M, Shaikh S, Arendse R, Fortin I, Chow A, Sholter D, Psaradellis E, Sampalis J, Otawa S, Nantel F, Lehman A, Shawi M. AB0761 Prevalence of Enthesitis and Dactylitis, Impact on Disease Severity and Evolution over 12 Months in PSA Patients Treated with Anti-TNF in A Real-World Setting. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Choquette D, Starr M, Khraishi M, Bensen W, Shaikh S, Rodrigues J, Sholter D, Sheriff M, Vaillancourt J, Sampalis J, Lehman A, Otawa S, Nantel F, Shawi M. SAT0336 Change over Time in the Profile of Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Treated with Infliximab in A REAL World Routine Care. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shaikh NA, Yantha J, Shaikh S, Laidlaw M, Rowe W, Ali A, Jackowski G. Abstract 589: Correction of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency With a Unique Omega-3 Formulation is Associated With a Significant Reduction in Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients: Results of the VASCAZEN-REVEAL Trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A large number of studies have suggested that the triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C)) ratio provides useful information about atherogenicity of plasma (AIP) and that a higher ratio has been linked to increased incidence of myocardial infarction. Others have suggested the use of AIP (log ratio of molar concentrations of TG to HDL-C) as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk and to identify insulin resistant individuals at high cardio-metabolic risk. In this report, we analyzed data from the VASCAZEN-REVEAL trial to investigate if the correction of Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency with a unique Omega-3 formulation (referred to as 6:1 OM-3) in 6:1 ratio of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids affects TG/HDL-C and AIP indices in hypertriglyceridemic subjects.
Methods:
A double blind, placebo-controlled study of 42 ambulatory cardiovascular subjects with elevated baseline TG levels (200-500mg/dL) were treated with either placebo (corn oil, 4g/day, n=22) or with 6:1 OM-3 (4g/day; n=20) for 8 weeks. Primary endpoint: Correction of OM-3 deficiency by determining changes in the Omega Score (OS, constituting blood concentration of EPA, DHA and DPA-docosapentaenoic acids). Secondary endpoints: changes in the serum lipid profile including TG and HDL-C.
Results:
Eight weeks of treatment with 6:1 OM-3 resulted in a significant increase in placebo adjusted median OS (+120.8%, p<0.0001) with concomitant reduction in TG/HDL (-50.3%, p=0.0005), AIP (-46.9%, p< 0.0006) and in AA (arachidonic acid): EPA (-86.6%, p<0.0001) ratios. No significant changes in OS (-2.0% p= 0.5519), TG/HDL (+4.72%, p=0.5233), AIP (+2.43%, p=0.8119) or in AA/EPA (11.3%, p=0.6780) ratios were observed in placebo. Treatment with 6:1 OM-3 also resulted in a significant increase in placebo adjusted median levels of HDL-C (+9.1%, p=0.0069), a significant decrease in VLDL-C (-30.2%, p=0.0023) and with no significant changes in LDL-C (+11.3, p=0.1164).
Conclusions:
This study shows that 6:1 OM-3 is effective in correcting OM-3 deficiency in hypertriglyceridemic patients and that this correction is strongly associated with significant decreases in TG/HDL ratio and in AIP- an emerging predictor of cardiovascular risk.
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Shaikh S, Welch A, Ramalingam SL, Murray A, Wilson HM, McKiddie F, Brittenden J. Comparison of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in symptomatic carotid artery and stable femoral artery plaques. Br J Surg 2014; 101:363-70. [PMID: 24536009 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorine-18-labelled fluoroxdeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque metabolic activity, and through its uptake by macrophages is believed to have the potential to identify vulnerable plaques. The aims were to compare FDG uptake in carotid plaques from patients who had sustained a recent thromboembolic cerebrovascular event with that in femoral artery plaques from patients with leg ischaemia, and to correlate FDG uptake with the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages present. METHODS Consecutive patients who had carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic, significant carotid stenosis and patients with severe leg ischaemia and significant stenosis of the common femoral artery underwent FDG-PET and histological plaque analysis. The voxel with the greatest activity in the region of interest was calculated using the Patlak method over 60 min. Plaques were dual-stained for CD68, and M1 and M2 macrophage subsets. RESULTS There were 29 carotid and 25 femoral artery plaques for study. The maximum dynamic uptake was similar in carotid compared with femoral plaques: median (range) 9·7 (7·1-12·2) versus 10·0 (7·4-16·6) respectively (P = 0·281). CD68 macrophage counts were significantly increased in carotid compared with femoral plaques (39·5 (33·9-50·1) versus 11·5 (7·7-21·3) respectively; P < 0·001), as was the proportion of M1 proinflammatory macrophages. The degree of carotid stenosis correlated with the maximum dynamic FDG uptake (rs = 0·48, P = 0·008). CONCLUSION FDG uptake was no greater in symptomatic carotid plaques than in the less inflammatory femoral plaques. In patients on statin therapy. FDG uptake occurred in areas of significant arterial stenosis, irrespective of the degree of inflammation.
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Jackowski G, Yantha J, Shaikh S, Ali A, Shaikh NA. Correction of omega-3 nutritional deficiency in cardiovascular disease patients through treatment with a unique omega-3 formulation: effects on risk factors in a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Shaikh S, Bensen WG, Chow A, Dixit S, Fortin I, Haraoui B, Marina RB, Kayhan C, Little K, Purcaru O, Bessette L. AB0288 Safety, effectiveness, work and household productivity of anti-tnf alpha therapy with certolizumab pegol observed in adult rheumatoid arthritis patients in daily practice in canada: first interim analysis of the non-interventional fast can study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rahman P, Bensen W, Shaikh S, Longo N, Sampalis J, Otawa S, Khalil S. AB0856 Real-life effectiveness of infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis over 3 years: The canadian experience. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baheti KG, Shah N, Shaikh S. Ion-pairing reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of atenolol and indapamide in bulk and combined dosage form. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:271-4. [PMID: 23439934 PMCID: PMC3574541 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, accurate, precise and validated ion-pairing reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of atenolol and indapamide in bulk and tablet dosage form was developed. The proposed ion-pairing reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method utilises C18 column with 5 μm, 150×4.6 mm i.d. column and mobile phase consisting of 0.1% w/v solution of octane sulphonic acid, sodium salt and methanol (55:45 v/v), (pH 2.8) and ultraviolet detection at 235 nm. A linearity range of 1-250 μg/ml and 1-25 μg/ml for atenolol and indapamide, respectively, was obtained. The mean recoveries are 100.48 and 99.82% for atenolol and indapamide, respectively. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.
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Abbasi R, Shaikh S. O004 OBSTETRICAL ACUTE RENAL FAILURE: A REVIEW OF CLINICAL OUTCOME AT TERTIARY CARE. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shaikh S, Brittenden J, Lahiri R, Brown PAJ, Thies F, Wilson HM. Macrophage subtypes in symptomatic carotid artery and femoral artery plaques. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44:491-7. [PMID: 22975154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare differences in macrophage heterogeneity and morphological composition between atherosclerotic plaques obtained from recently symptomatic patients with carotid artery disease and femoral plaques from patients with severe limb ischemia. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Plaques were obtained from 32 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 25 patients undergoing common femoral endarterectomy or lower limb bypass. Macrophages and T cell numbers were detected in plaque sections by immunohistochemistry and anti CD68 and CD3 antibodies. Dual staining for CD68 and M1- and M2-macrophage markers and morphometric analysis of hematoxylin and eosin stained plaque sections was performed. RESULTS Carotid plaques had significantly increased percentage areas of confluent lipid and leukocytic infiltrates. In contrast, areas of fibroconnective tissue were significantly greater in femoral plaques and percentage areas of confluent calcification and collagen were elevated. Carotid artery plaques had greater numbers per plaque area of macrophages and T cells consistent with a more inflammatory phenotype. Proportions displaying M1-activation markers were significantly increased in the carotid compared to femoral plaques whereas femoral plaques displayed a greater proportion of M2-macrophages. CONCLUSION Plaques from patients with recently symptomatic carotid disease have a predominance of M1-macrophages and higher lipid content than femoral plaques, consistent with a more unstable plaque.
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Shaikh S, Cobb SVG, Golightly D, Segal JI, Haslegrave CM. Investigating the effects of physical and cognitive demands on the quality of performance under different pacing levels. Work 2012; 41 Suppl 1:1625-31. [PMID: 22316948 DOI: 10.3233/wor-2012-0363-1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pacing on aspects of performance at an assembly task and on the operators' responses related to work behaviour, perceived workload and perceived stress. A particular objective of the study was to investigate whether physical and cognitive demands may interact in their influences on these effects. An assembly task was simulated in the laboratory and the level of pacing imposed, work height and memory load within the task were all varied. The results showed that the type of pacing commonly imposed (as is common with a lean manufacturing Takt time system in industry) can significantly affect both performance and perceived workload and stress. Physical demands (through work height affecting posture) and mental demand (through memory load) were also found to have significant effects, as would be expected from the many studies of these in the literature. More importantly, some interactions were found between pacing and work height in their effects on quality of assembly and the operator's own rating of performance, and between work height and memory load in their effects on errors. These findings will need to be taken into account by companies when implementing Takt time systems.
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Shaikh S, Sloan S. In reply. Transfusion 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chogle SMA, Duhaime CF, Mickel AK, Shaikh S, Reese R, Bogle JH, Chan DK, Potluri S, Qutubuddin S. Preliminary evaluation of a novel polymer nanocomposite as a root-end filling material. Int Endod J 2011; 44:1055-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Novak G, Zai CC, Mirkhani M, Shaikh S, Vincent JB, Meltzer H, Lieberman JA, Strauss J, Lévesque D, Kennedy JL, Le Foll B. Replicated association of the NR4A3 gene with smoking behaviour in schizophrenia and in bipolar disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 9:910-7. [PMID: 20659174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with dopamine neurotransmission and show high comorbidity with tobacco dependence. Recent evidence indicates that the family of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptors, which are expressed in dopamine neurons and in dopaminoceptive brain areas, may play a role in dopamine-mediated effects. We have, therefore, analysed the association of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the three genes belonging to the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor family, NR4A1 (rs2603751, rs2701124), NR4A2 (rs12803, rs834835) and NR4A3 (rs1131339, rs1405209), with the degree of smoking in a sample of 204 unrelated schizophrenia patients, which included 126 smokers and 78 non-smokers. SNPs within the NR4A3 gene (rs1131339 and rs1405209) were significantly associated with heavy smoking in this cohort, using a stepwise analysis of the escalated number of cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.008 and 0.006, respectively; satisfying the Nyholt significance threshold of 0.009, an adjustment for multiple testing). We then repeated the association analysis of the NR4A3 markers (rs1131339 and rs1405209) in a larger cohort of 319 patients with bipolar disorder, which included 167 smokers and 152 non-smokers. We have replicated the positive association with smoking of the NR4A3 SNP rs1131339 in this group (P = 0.04), providing an important confirmation of the involvement of the NR4A3 gene in nicotine addiction in patients with mental health disease, a population significantly at risk for nicotine addiction.
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Modareszadeh MR, Chogle SA, Mickel AK, Jin G, Kowsar H, Salamat N, Shaikh S, Qutbudin S. Cytotoxicity of set polymer nanocomposite resin root-end filling materials. Int Endod J 2010; 44:154-61. [PMID: 21083578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the cytotoxicity of two forms of the novel root-end filling materials, polymer nanocomposite (PNC) resins [C-18 Amine montmorillonate (MMT) and VODAC MMT] both containing Chlorhexidine Diacetate Salt Hydrate 2%, and to compare it to that of two widely accepted commercially available materials, ProRoot® MTA and Geristore®. METHODOLOGY Elutes of experimental materials extracted after 24 h, 1, 2 and 3 weeks were interacted with the mouse fibroblasts L-929 using a colorimetric cell viability assay (MTS) based on mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity. Using 100% and 50% concentrations of the extracted elutes of the experimental materials the effect of different concentrations of elutes on the cells was analysed. In the positive control group Hygrogold® was added to the cell culture to arrest cells bioactivity. In the negative control group, fresh Dulbecco's Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum was used to enhance cell bioactivity. Differences in mean bioactivity values were assessed using a t-test and one-way anova (P<0.05). RESULTS No significant difference was found in cytotoxicity between ProRoot® MTA, Geristore® and PNC resin C-18 Amine MMT on 24 h, 1, 2 and 3 weeks samples. Sample elutes of PNC resin VODAC MMT, however, revealed cytotoxic activity during most of these experiments. CONCLUSION Cytotoxicity of the elutes of PNC resin C-18 Amine MMT was not significantly different from that of ProRoot® and Geristore®. PNC resin VODAC MMT, revealed significantly more cytotoxicity compared to the other tested materials.
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Bölke E, Orth K, Gerber PA, Lammering G, Mota R, Peiper M, Matuschek C, Budach W, Rusnak E, Shaikh S, Dogan B, Prisack HB, Bojar H. Gene expression of circulating tumour cells in breast cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2009; 14:426-32. [PMID: 19748849 PMCID: PMC3352225 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-14-10-426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnostic tools to predict the prognosis in patients suffering from breast cancer (BC) need further improvements. New technological achievements like the gene profiling of circulating tumour cells (CTC) could help identify new prognostic markers in the clinical setting. Furthermore, gene expression patterns of CTC might provide important informations on the mechanisms of tumour cell metastasation. Materials and methods We performed realtime-PCR and multiplex-PCR analyses following immunomagnetic separation of CTC. Peripheral blood (PB) samples of 63 patients with breast cancer of various stages were analyzed and compared to a control group of 14 healthy individuals. After reverse-transcription, we performed multiplex PCR using primers for the genes ga733.3, muc-1 and c-erbB2. Mammaglobin1, spdef and c-erbB2 were analyzed applying realtime-PCR. Results ga733.2 overexpression was found in 12.7% of breast cancer cases, muc-1 in 15.9%, mgb1 in 9.1% and spdef in 12.1%. In this study, c-erbB2 did not show any significant correlation to BC, possibly due to a highly ambient expression. Besides single gene analyses, gene profiles were additionally evaluated. Highly significant correlations to BC were found in single gene analyses of ga733.2 and muc-1 and in gene profile analyses of ga733.3*muc-1 and GA7 ga733.3*muc-1*mgb1*spdef. Conclusion Our study reveals that the single genes ga733.3, muc-1 and the gene profiles ga733.3*muc-1 and ga733.3*3muc-1*mgb1*spdef can serve as markers for the detection of CTC in BC. The multigene analyses found highly positive levels in BC patients. Our study indicates that not single gene analyses but subtle patterns of multiple genes lead to rising accuracy and low loss of specificity in detection of breast cancer cases.
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