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Grzyb T, Dolinski D, Kozłowska A. Is Product Placement Really Worse Than Traditional Commercials? Cognitive Load and Recalling of Advertised Brands. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1519. [PMID: 30177904 PMCID: PMC6109789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the large number of adverts inundating the average consumer every day, the marketing industry is seeking methods to reach clients in a more subtle manner than traditional marketing messages. One such tool is product placement. The article addresses issues of effectiveness of product placement in comparison to a traditional commercial. The objective of the study was to check how participants would recall the content of persuasive messages in conditions of artificially inducted cognitive load (in conditions of traditional advertisement and product placement). Two studies were conducted – a pre-study intended to assess the usefulness of the selected stimuli, and the main experiment. The experiment devoted to this question was planned using an ANOVA scheme 2 (Type of advert: traditional vs. product placement) × 2 (neutral conditions vs. cognitive load). It turned out that the commercial was better retained in neutral conditions than in conditions of cognitive load. The traditional commercial was remembered better than product placement. From the perspective of the study’s ecological validity, of importance is also comparison of retention of brands viewed in a traditional commercial in conditions of cognitive load with retention of brands in conditions of product placement without load. These comparisons indicate the superiority of product placement – brands presented in this manner were more frequently recalled by viewers.
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Dolinski D, Grzyb T. The (doubtful) role of financial reward in obedience to authority. The Journal of Social Psychology 2018; 159:490-496. [PMID: 30142288 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1505708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Milgram experiments are among the most well-known and important in the history of psychology. Since first published, there have been countless discussions held on the subject of what factors induce people to exhibit extreme obedience towards authority. One such potential factor, not yet explored empirically, is the receipt in advance of financial gratification by a study participant. In our experiment we compare obedience among participants in classic Milgram paradigm conditions with obedience in a situation where the participant does not receive financial gratification in advance. The results did not show that obedience differed in the two comparable situations. In conditions where the participants were not given money up front, however, it was necessary to employ more verbal prompts in order to induce obedience.
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Runowski M, Shyichuk A, Tymiński A, Grzyb T, Lavín V, Lis S. Multifunctional Optical Sensors for Nanomanometry and Nanothermometry: High-Pressure and High-Temperature Upconversion Luminescence of Lanthanide-Doped Phosphates-LaPO 4/YPO 4:Yb 3+-Tm 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17269-17279. [PMID: 29722259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion luminescence of nano-sized Yb3+ and Tm3+ codoped rare earth phosphates, that is, LaPO4 and YPO4, has been investigated under high-pressure (HP, up to ∼25 GPa) and high-temperature (293-773 K) conditions. The pressure-dependent luminescence properties of the nanocrystals, that is, energy red shift of the band centroids, changes of the band ratios, shortening of upconversion lifetimes, and so forth, make the studied nanomaterials suitable for optical pressure sensing in nanomanometry. Furthermore, thanks to the large energy difference (∼1800 cm-1), the thermalized states of Tm3+ ions are spectrally well-separated, providing high-temperature resolution, required in optical nanothermometry. The temperature of the system containing such active nanomaterials can be determined on the basis of the thermally induced changes of the Tm3+ band ratio (3F2,3 → 3H6/3H4 → 3H6), observed in the emission spectra. The advantage of such upconverting optical sensors is the use of near-infrared light, which is highly penetrable for many materials. The investigated nanomanometers/nanothermometers have been successfully applied, as a proof-of-concept of a novel bimodal optical gauge, for the determination of the temperature of the heated system (473 K), which was simultaneously compressed under HP (1.5 and 5 GPa).
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Grzyb T, Przybylska D. Formation Mechanism, Structural, and Upconversion Properties of Alkaline Rare-Earth Fluoride Nanocrystals Doped With Yb3+/Er3+ Ions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6410-6420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Parnicka P, Mazierski P, Grzyb T, Lisowski W, Kowalska E, Ohtani B, Zaleska-Medynska A, Nadolna J. Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO 2. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:447-459. [PMID: 29515957 PMCID: PMC5815290 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nd-modified TiO2 photocatalysts have been obtained via hydrothermal (HT) and sol-hydrothermal (SHT) methods. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), luminescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples was evaluated by the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution under irradiation with UV-vis (λ > 350 nm) and vis (λ > 420 nm) light, as well as by the degradation of gaseous toluene under irradiation with vis (λmax = 415 nm) light. It was found that Nd-modified TiO2 is an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol and toluene under visible light. XPS analysis revealed that the photocatalyst prepared via HT method contains a three-times higher amount of hydroxy groups at the surface layer and a two-times higher amount of surface defects than that obtained by the SHT method. The photocatalytic efficiency of phenol and toluene degradation under vis irradiation in the presence of 0.25% Nd-TiO2(HT) reached 0.62 and 3.36 μmol·dm-1·min-1, respectively. Photocatalytic activity tests in the presence of Nd-TiO2 and scavenger confirm that superoxide radicals were responsible for the visible light-induced degradation of the model pollutant in aqueous solution.
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Kulesza W, Dolinski D, Migon M, Rizulla A, Gamian-Wilk M, Grzyb T. The use of mimicry to improve evaluation of unsought beverages. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Byrka K, Grzyb T, Dolinski D. The question-behaviour effect in intergroup attitudes research: When do attitudes towards a minority predict a relevant behaviour? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 54:297-306. [PMID: 29193062 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that the question-behaviour effect, referred to as the influence of questioning about a given behaviour on its subsequent performance, is a relevant issue when exploring the external validity of intergroup attitudes. In a pair of studies, we have corroborated that merely expressing attitudes towards the Jewish minority affects people's relevant behaviour towards this group. In an Internet study, participants who first completed verbal attitude measures were more likely to donate to a Jewish organisation compared to those who completed the measures after making the decision to donate. Moreover, responses to attitude measures of various types and donating to the Jewish organisation were correlated when attitudes had been expressed in the first step. When attitudes were measured after the decision to donate, only the responses to the traditional anti-Semitic scale were correlated with this behaviour. In the field study, in which the time interval between attitude and behaviour measures was introduced, no question-behaviour effect was observed. We explain the results with reference to cognitive dissonance and attitude accessibility mechanisms and discuss them in a broader context of attitude-behaviour research.
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Runowski M, Marciniak J, Grzyb T, Przybylska D, Shyichuk A, Barszcz B, Katrusiak A, Lis S. Lifetime nanomanometry - high-pressure luminescence of up-converting lanthanide nanocrystals - SrF 2:Yb 3+,Er 3. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16030-16037. [PMID: 29027549 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Stokes luminescence of up-converting nanocrystals SrF2:Yb3+,Er3+ can be used as a high pressure optical sensor alternative to the ruby fluorescence-scale. In nanocrystalline SrF2:Yb3+,Er3+, high pressure reversibly shortens the emission lifetimes nearly linearly up to 5.29 GPa at least. Its advantage is the use of NIR (≈980 nm) radiation, highly penetrable for many materials. The shortening of up-conversion lifetimes has been attributed mainly to the changes in energy transfer rates, caused by decreased interatomic distances and increased overlap integrals between 4f electrons and the valence shells of ligand ions. The origin of high-pressure effects on the luminescence intensity, band ratio and their spectral position has been explained by the increased interactions and distortions of the crystal-field symmetry around the emitting ions in the compressed structure.
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Grzyb T, Dolinski D. Beliefs about Obedience Levels in Studies Conducted within the Milgram Paradigm: Better than Average Effect and Comparisons of Typical Behaviors by Residents of Various Nations. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1632. [PMID: 28979232 PMCID: PMC5611685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents studies examining whether the better than average (BTA) effect appears in opinions regarding obedience of individuals participating in an experiment conducted in the Milgram paradigm. Participants are presented with a detailed description of the experiment, asked to declare at what moment an average participant would cease their participation in the study, and then asked to declare at what moment they themselves would quit the experiment. It turned out that the participants demonstrated a strong BTA effect. This effect also concerned those who had known the results of the Milgram experiment prior to the study. Interestingly, those individuals-in contrast to naive participants-judged that the average person would remain obedient for longer, but at the same time prior familiarity with the Milgram experiment did not impact convictions as to own obedience. By the same token, the BTA effect size was larger among those who had previously heard of the Milgram experiment than those who had not. Additionally, study participants were asked to estimate the behavior of the average resident of their country (Poland), as well as of average residents of several other European countries. It turned out that in participants' judgment the average Pole would withdraw from the experiment quicker than the average Russian and average German, but later than average residents of France and England.
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Parnicka P, Mazierski P, Grzyb T, Wei Z, Kowalska E, Ohtani B, Lisowski W, Klimczuk T, Nadolna J. Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2 photocatalysts: Insight into the excitation mechanism under visible light. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grzyb T, Doliński D. Perpetrator as a Potential Victim. Does Threatened Retaliation from the Victim Reduce Obedience towards Authority? Psychol Belg 2017; 57:123-132. [PMID: 30479787 PMCID: PMC6194532 DOI: 10.5334/pb.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an experiment conducted within the Milgram paradigm, it was examined whether obedience towards an authority would be reduced in conditions in which the teacher had grounds to fear revenge from the learner. A comparison was made of the behaviour of participants in classic conditions and in conditions in which they were told that following the first part of the experiment, there would be an alteration of roles: the teacher would become the learner. It turned out that the level of compliance was the same in both groups. The dominant behaviour, regardless of whether the participant expects a change of roles or not, is total obedience.
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Grzyb T, Doliński D. “This is my only request” – using the ‘Omega’ strategy to boost the success of charity drives. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Doliński D, Grzyb T, Folwarczny M, Grzybała P, Krzyszycha K, Martynowska K, Trojanowski J. Would You Deliver an Electric Shock in 2015? Obedience in the Experimental Paradigm Developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 Years Following the Original Studies. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550617693060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the over 50 years which have passed since the original experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram on obedience, these experiments are still considered a turning point in our thinking about the role of the situation in human behavior. While ethical considerations prevent a full replication of the experiments from being prepared, a certain picture of the level of obedience of participants can be drawn using the procedure proposed by Burger. In our experiment, we have expanded it by controlling for the sex of participants and of the learner. The results achieved show a level of participants’ obedience toward instructions similarly high to that of the original Milgram studies. Results regarding the influence of the sex of participants and of the “learner,” as well as of personality characteristics, do not allow us to unequivocally accept or reject the hypotheses offered.
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Dolinski D, Grzyb T. One Serious Shock Versus Gradated Series of Shocks: Does “Multiple Feet-in-the-Door” Explain Obedience in Milgram Studies? BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2016.1214836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Szczeszak A, Ekner-Grzyb A, Runowski M, Szutkowski K, Mrówczyńska L, Kaźmierczak Z, Grzyb T, Dąbrowska K, Giersig M, Lis S. Spectroscopic, structural and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of luminescent, lanthanide doped core@shell nanomaterials GdVO4:Eu(3+)5%@SiO2@NH2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 481:245-55. [PMID: 27478979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The luminescent GdVO4:Eu(3+)5%@SiO2@NH2 core@shell nanomaterials were obtained via co-precipitation method, followed by hydrolysis and co-condensation of silane derivatives: tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Their effect on human erythrocytes sedimentation and on proliferation of human lung microvascular endothelial cells was examined and discussed. The luminescent nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of polyacrylic acid or glycerin in order to minimalize the agglomeration and excessive growth of nanostructures. Surface coating with amine functionalized silica shell improved their biocompatibility, facilitated further organic conjugation and protected the internal core. Magnetic measurements revealed an enhanced T1-relaxivity for the synthesized GdVO4:Eu(3+)5% nanostructures. Structure, morphology and average grain size of the obtained nanomaterials were determined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The qualitative elemental composition of the nanomaterials was established using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The spectroscopic characteristic of red emitting core@shell nanophosphors was completed by measuring luminescence spectra and decays. The emission spectra revealed characteristic bands of Eu(3+) ions related to the transitions (5)D0-(7)F0,1,2,3,4 and (5)D1-(7)F1. The luminescence lifetimes consisted of two components, associated with the presence of Eu(3+) ions located at the surface of the crystallites and in the bulk.
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Grzyb T, Mrówczyńska L, Szczeszak A, Śniadecki Z, Runowski M, Idzikowski B, Lis S. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes of multifunctional, magnetic, and luminescent nanocrystalline rare earth fluorides. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 17:399. [PMID: 26457061 PMCID: PMC4594090 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles exhibiting red or green luminescence properties and magnetism were synthesized and thoroughly analyzed. The hydrothermal method was used for the synthesis of Eu3+- or Tb3+-doped GdF3-, NaGdF4-, and BaGdF5-based nanocrystalline materials. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples confirmed the desired compositions of the materials. Transmission electron microscope images revealed the different morphologies of the products, including the nanocrystal sizes, which varied from 12 nm in the case of BaGdF5-based nanoparticles to larger structures with dimensions exceeding 300 nm. All of the samples presented luminescence under ultraviolet irradiation, as well as when the samples were in the form of water colloids. The highest luminescence was observed for BaGdF5-based materials. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited paramagnetism along with probable evidence of superparamagnetic behavior at low temperatures. The particles' magnetic characteristics were also preserved for samples in the form of a suspension in distilled water. The cytotoxicity studies against the human erythrocytes indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles are non-toxic because they did not cause the red blood cells shape changes nor did they alter their membrane structure and permeabilization.
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Grzyb T, Kubasiewicz K, Szczeszak A, Lis S. Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ and Tb3+ co-doped GdBO3 materials showing down- and up-conversion luminescence. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4063-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium orthoborates doped with Yb3+ and Tb3+ ions, showing dual-mode luminescence (down- and up-conversion), were synthesised by the sol–gel Pechini method and analysed.
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Szczeszak A, Grzyb T, Śniadecki Z, Andrzejewska N, Lis S, Matczak M, Nowaczyk G, Jurga S, Idzikowski B. Structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of Eu3+-doped GdVO4 nanocrystals synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12243-52. [PMID: 25383487 DOI: 10.1021/ic500354t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
New interesting aspects of the spectroscopic properties, magnetism, and method of synthesis of gadolinium orthovanadates doped with Eu(3+) ions are discussed. Gd(1-x)Eu(x)VO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.2) bifunctional luminescent materials with complex magnetic properties were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Products were formed in situ without previous precipitation. The crystal structures and morphologies of the obtained nanomaterials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Crystallographic data were analyzed using Rietveld refinement. The products obtained were nanocrystalline with average grain sizes of 70-80 nm. The qualitative and quantitative elemental composition as well as mapping of the nanocrystals was proved using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The spectroscopic properties of red-emitting nanophosphors were characterized by their excitation and emission spectra and luminescence decays. Magnetic measurements were performed by means of vibrating sample magnetometry. GdVO4 and Gd0.8Eu0.2VO4 exhibited paramagnetic behavior with a weak influence of antiferromagnetic couplings between rare-earth ions. In the substituted sample, an additional magnetic contribution connected with the population of low-lying excited states of europium was observed.
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Runowski M, Grzyb T, Zep A, Krzyczkowska P, Gorecka E, Giersig M, Lis S. Eu3+and Tb3+doped LaPO4nanorods, modified with a luminescent organic compound, exhibiting tunable multicolour emission. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Runowski M, Ekner-Grzyb A, Mrówczyńska L, Balabhadra S, Grzyb T, Paczesny J, Zep A, Lis S. Synthesis and organic surface modification of luminescent, lanthanide-doped core/shell nanomaterials (LnF3@SiO2@NH2@organic acid) for potential bioapplications: spectroscopic, structural, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9533-9543. [PMID: 25036848 DOI: 10.1021/la501107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile coprecipitation reaction between Ce(3+), Gd(3+), Tb(3+), and F(-) ions, in the presence of glycerine as a capping agent, led to the formation of ultrafine, nanocrystalline CeF3:Tb(3+) 5%, Gd(3+) 5% (LnF3). The as-prepared fluoride nanoparticles were successfully coated with an amine modified silica shell. Subsequently, the obtained LnF3@SiO2@NH2 nanostructures were conjugated with 4-ethoxybenzoic acid in order to prove the possibility of organic modification and obtain a new functional nanomaterial. All of the nanophosphors synthesized exhibited intense green luminescence under UV light irradiation. Based on TEM (transmission electron microscopy) measurements, the diameters of the cores (≈12 nm) and core/shell particles (≈50 nm) were determined. To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the nanomaterials obtained, their effect on human erythrocytes was investigated. LnF3 nanoparticles were bound to the erythrocyte membrane, without inducing any cytotoxic effects. After coating with silica, the nanoparticles revealed significant cytotoxicity. However, further functionalization of the nanomaterial with -NH2 groups as well as conjugation with 4-ethoxybenzoic acid entailed a decrease in cytotoxicity of the core/shell nanoparticles.
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Grzyb T, Wiglusz RJ, Gruszeczka A, Lis S. Down- and up-converting dual-mode YPO4:Yb3+,Tb3+ nanocrystals: synthesis and spectroscopic properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17255-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dual-mode luminescence of YPO4 nanocrystals doped with Yb3+ and Tb3+ ions, based on down- and up-conversion, is reported.
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Grzyb T, Wiglusz RJ, Nagirnyi V, Kotlov A, Lis S. Revised crystal structure and luminescent properties of gadolinium oxyfluoride Gd4O3F6doped with Eu3+ions. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6925-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of gadolinium oxyfluoride was revised. Luminescent properties of the Eu3+-doped materials were characterized by luminescence spectroscopy.
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Grzyb T. Bright and tunable up-conversion luminescence through cooperative energy transfer in Yb3+, Tb3+and Eu3+co-doped LaPO4nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Runowski M, Dąbrowska K, Grzyb T, Miernikiewicz P, Lis S. Core/shell-type nanorods of Tb 3+-doped LaPO 4, modified with amine groups, revealing reduced cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 15:2068. [PMID: 24307860 PMCID: PMC3840287 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A simple co-precipitation reaction between Ln3+ cations (Ln = lanthanide) and phosphate ions in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), including post-treatment under hydrothermal conditions, leads to the formation of Tb3+-doped LaPO4 crystalline nanorods. The nanoparticles obtained can be successfully coated with amorphous and porous silica, forming core/shell-type nanorods. Both products reveal intensive green luminescence under UV lamp irradiation. The surface of the core/shell-type product can also be modified with -NH2 groups via silylation procedure, using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a modifier. Powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirm the desired structure and needle-like shape of the products synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and specific surface area measurements by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method reveal a successful surface modification with amine groups of the core/shell-type nanoparticles prepared. The nanomaterials synthesized exhibit green luminescence characteristic of Tb3+ ions, as solid powders and aqueous colloids, examined by spectrofluorometry. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies reveal different degree toxicity of the products. LaPO4:Tb3+@SiO2@NH2 exhibits the smallest toxicity against B16F0 mouse melanoma cancer cells and human skin microvascular endothelial cell lines, in contrast to the most toxic LaPO4:Tb3+@SiO2.
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Szczeszak A, Grzyb T, Barszcz B, Nagirnyi V, Kotlov A, Lis S. Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of the New Triclinic Form of GdBO3:Eu3+ Nanocrystals. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4934-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302525k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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