26
|
Uenaka T, Satake W, Cha P, Kobayashi K, Kanagawa M, Hayakawa H, Baba K, Okada Y, Mochizuki H, Toda T. In silico drug screening identified a novel disease-modifying drug for Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Okuda S, Takano S, Shirakawa M, Tanaka M, Inagaki T, Kajita M, Imoto M, Ikkaku T, Ueno M, Kanda F, Toda T. Executive function correlates with improvement of gait speed by rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Tachibana H, Ueda T, Sekiguchi K, Fumio K, Toda T. Diagnostic usefulness of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH) on MRI in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Sekiguchi K, Noda Y, Tokuoka H, Kanda F, Kohara N, Toda T. Fasciculation detection by a hybrid recording device for high density-surface electromyography and ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Tsuji Y, Tachibana Y, Yamazaki F, Kato D, Shinohara M, Yao I, Toda T, Setou M, Wake H. Motor learning changes the lipid profile of frontal white matter. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Ueda T, Kanda F, Nishigori C, Toda T. Brain atrophy and clinical severity in patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Gotoh Y, Suzuki S, Amako M, Kitamura S, Toda T. Effect of orally administered exopolysaccharides produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC on a mouse model of dermatitis induced by repeated exposure to 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
33
|
Kowa H, Kanda F, Toda T. SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY OF ANTI-PARKINSON DRUGS FOR DLB/PDD PATIENTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Yoshioka Y, Li X, Zhang T, Mitani T, Yasuda M, Nanba F, Toda T, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. Black soybean seed coat polyphenols prevent AAPH-induced oxidative DNA-damage in HepG2 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 60:108-114. [PMID: 28366989 PMCID: PMC5370529 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Black soybean seed coat extract (BE), which contains abundant polyphenols such as procyanidins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, (+)-catechin, and (−)epicatechin, has been reported on health beneficial functions such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. In this study, we investigated that prevention of BE and its polyphenols on 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative DNA damage, and found that these polyphenols inhibited AAPH-induced formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Under the same conditions, these polyphenols also inhibited AAPH-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Inhibition of ROS accumulation was observed in both cytosol and nucleus. It was confirmed that these polyphenols inhibited formation of AAPH radical using oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay under the cell-free conditions. These results indicate that polyphenols in BE inhibit free radical-induced oxidative DNA damages by their potent antioxidant activity. Thus, BE is an effective food material for prevention of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damages.
Collapse
|
35
|
Toda T, Kanagawa M, Kobayashi K, Tajiri M, Manya H, Kuga A, Yamaguchi Y, Wada Y, Endo T. Identification of a post-translational modification with ribitol-phosphate and its defect in muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
Yamashita Y, Wang L, Nanba F, Ito C, Toda T, Ashida H. Procyanidin Promotes Translocation of Glucose Transporter 4 in Muscle of Mice through Activation of Insulin and AMPK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161704. [PMID: 27598258 PMCID: PMC5012709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins are the oligomeric or polymeric forms of epicatechin and catechin. In this study, we isolated and purified dimer to tetramer procyanidins from black soybean seed coat and investigated the anti-hyperglycemic effects by focusing on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and the underlying molecular mechanism in skeletal muscle of mice. The anti-hyperglycemic effects of procyanidins were also compared with those of monomer (-)-epicatechin (EC) and major anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G). To investigate GLUT4 translocation and its related signaling pathways, ICR mice were orally given procyanidins, EC and C3G in water at 10 μg/kg body weight. The mice were sacrificed 60 min after the dose of polyphenols, and soleus muscle was extracted from the hind legs. The results showed that trimeric and tetrameric procyanidins activated both insulin- and AMPK-signaling pathways to induce GLUT4 translocation in muscle of ICR mice. We confirmed that procyanidins suppressed acute hyperglycemia with an oral glucose tolerance test in a dose-dependent manner. Of these beneficial effects, cinnamtannin A2, one of the tetramers, was the most effective. In conclusion, procyanidins, especially cinnamtannin A2, significantly ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia at least in part by promoting GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane by activating both insulin- and AMPK-signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
37
|
Taoka M, Toda T, Hihara S, Tanaka M, Iriki A, Iwamura Y. A systematic analysis of neurons with large somatosensory receptive fields covering multiple body regions in the secondary somatosensory area of macaque monkeys. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:2152-2162. [PMID: 27559139 PMCID: PMC5102307 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00241.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous neurophysiological studies performed in macaque monkeys have revealed complex somatosensory responses in the secondary somatosensory area (SII), such as large receptive fields (RFs), as well as bilateral ones. However, systematic analyses of neurons with large RFs have not been performed. In the present study, we recorded single-unit activities in SII of awake macaque monkeys to investigate systematically large RFs by dividing the whole body into four body regions (head, trunk, forelimb, and hindlimb). Recorded neurons were classified into two types, according to whether the RFs were confined to one body region: single (n = 817) and combined (n = 282) body-region types. These two types were distinct in terms of the percentage of bilateral RFs: 55% in the single-region type and 90% in the combined type, demonstrating that two types of RF enlargement occur simultaneously in the combined type, namely, RF convergence from different body regions and RF convergence from both hemibodies. Among the combined-type RFs, two tendencies of RF convergence were found: 1) the distal parts of the limbs (i.e., hand and foot) and the mouth are interconnected, and 2) the trunk RFs extend continuously toward the distal parts of the limb and head to cover the entire body surface. Our distribution analysis on unfolded maps clarified that neurons having RFs with these two tendencies were distributed within specific subregions in SII.
Collapse
|
38
|
Othman BHR, Toda T, Kikuchi T. A new species of Nebalia (Crustacea, Leptostraca) from coral reefs at Pulau Payar, Malaysia. Zookeys 2016:37-52. [PMID: 27551211 PMCID: PMC4978069 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.605.8562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Leptostraca, Nebaliaterazakiisp. n. is described and figured. The species was sampled from the coral reefs of Pulau Payar Marine Park, Langkawi, Malaysia. There are 32 existing species of Nebalia but Nebaliaterazakii sp. n. can be distinguished from the other known species of Nebalia by the following combination of characters: the rostrum is 1.89 times as long as wide and the eyes have no dorsal papilla or lobes. Article 4 of the antennular peduncle has one short thick distal spine. The proximal article of the endopod of maxilla 2 is shorter than the distal, a feature peculiar to Nebaliaterazakiisp. n., the exopod of maxilla 2 is longer than article 1 of the endopod, the posterior dorsal borders of the pleonites 6 to 7 are provided with distally sharp denticles, anal plate with prominent lateral shoulder and finally, the terminal seta of the caudal rami is 1.17 times the length of the entire rami.
Collapse
|
39
|
Suzuki S, Ono M, Toda T, Kitamura S. Preparation and Intestinal Immunostimulating Activity of Low Molecular Weight Alginate from Saccharina ( Laminaria) Species in Japan. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2016; 63:1-5. [PMID: 34354474 PMCID: PMC8114153 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2015_017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the structure of alginates extracted from five commercial Saccharina (Laminaria) species including three varieties (eight samples in all) harvested in Hokkaido, Japan. The algae used were Saccharina japonica, S. japonica var. diabolica, S. japonica var. ochotensis, S. japonica var. religiosa, S. longissima, S. coriacea, S. angustata, and S. sculpera (Kjellmaniella crassiforia). These alginates have molar fractions of mannuronic acid (F M) ranging from 0.68 to 0.76 and weight average molecular weights (M ws) ranging from 511,000 to 616,000. Alginate samples from both S. angustata (F M = 0.76) and S. longissima (F M = 0.68) showed intestinal immunological activity through Peyer's patch cells of C3H/HeJ mice. Low molecular weight S. angustata alginate (F M = 0.75, M w = 70,000) degraded using a wet pulverizing system showed higher activity than the native one.
Collapse
|
40
|
Matsuo H, Tomiyama H, Satake W, Chiba T, Onoue H, Kawamura Y, Nakayama A, Sakiyama M, Funayama M, Nishioka K, Shimizu T, Kaida K, Kamakura K, Toda T, Hattori N, Shinomiya N. Onset age of Parkinson’s disease is delayed by a common dysfunctional variant of ABCG2, a major causative gene for early-onset gout. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
41
|
Razak A, Zaidi C, Zainoddin J, Majid A, Toda T, Othman B. Kesan Penggunaan Rumpai Laut sebagai Agen Penapis Semula Jadi dalam Pengkulturan Intensif Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. SAINS MALAYS 2015. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2015-4406-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Rahman MS, Sarkar MA, Rahman MF, Paul SK, Nagai SY, Uddin MJ, Toda T. Genetic testing for spinocerebellar ataxias in patients diagnosed as Parkinson's disease in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:44-51. [PMID: 25725667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to find out Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCA) by genetic analysis from those patients presenting with Parkinsonism in the Neurology department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. A sample of about 5ml blood was collected by venipuncture in EDTA tube after having informed consent from each patients and healthy individual, with due Institutional Ethical committee approval for genetic study of 7 healthy people and 9 patients. The neurological disorder along with a complete physical and/or psychological, as well as family history and demographic data was recorded with a prescribed questionnaire by the neurologists of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Extraction of genomic DNA from the venous blood using Flexi Gene DNA kit (Qiagen, Japan) was performed in Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The extracted DNA was stored, accumulated and then were sent to Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan for PCR and further analysis. PCR amplification of the CAG repeat was performed for the SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6 loci using primers SCA1N-F1 and SCA1N-R1, SCA2-F1 and SCA2-R1, MJDF1 and MJDR1, SCA6-F1 and SCA6-R1, respectively. SCA1 PCR of both healthy individual and suspected Parkinsons Disease (PD) patients DNA was found 250 bp (no. of CAG repeats=36). SCA2 PCR products reveal the DNA products of about 150 bp (no. of CAG repeats=23) except one patient that was suspected and it was sequenced and revealed 175bp (no. of CAG repeats=30). SCA3 PCR product size of both healthy individual and patient DNA was within 250 (no. of CAG repeats=11) to 300 bp (no. of CAG repeats=28) except one patient which was about 320 bp and its CAG repeats was about 34. SCA6 PCR product size of both healthy individual and patient DNA was about 150 bp (no. of CAG repeats=16).
Collapse
|
43
|
Toda T, Xiong H, Oda T, Kobayashi K, Wang S, Satake W, Jiao H, Yang Y, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Wu X. G.P.56. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
44
|
Iwamoto M, Miura Y, Tsumoto H, Tanaka Y, Morisawa H, Endo T, Toda T. Antioxidant effects of carnitine supplementation on 14-3-3 protein isoforms in the aged rat hippocampus detected using fully automated two-dimensional chip gel electrophoresis. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1409-16. [PMID: 25179439 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.960411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We here described the antioxidant effects of carnitine supplementation on 14-3-3 protein isoforms in the aged rat hippocampus detected using the fully automated two-dimensional chip gel electrophoresis system (Auto2D). This system was easy and convenient to use, and the resolution obtained was more sensitive and higher than that of conventional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). We separated and identified five isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein (beta/alpha, gamma, epsilon, zeta/delta, and eta) using the Auto2D system. We then examined the antioxidant effects of carnitine supplementation on the protein profiles of the cytosolic fraction in the aged rat hippocampus, demonstrating that carnitine supplementation suppressed the oxidation of methionine residues in these isoforms. Since methionine residues are easily oxidized to methionine sulfoxide, the convenient and high-resolution 2-D PAGE system can be available to analyze methionine oxidation avoiding artifactual oxidation. We showed here that the Auto2D system was a very useful tool for studying antioxidant effects through proteomic analysis of protein oxidation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sekiguchi K, Kohara N, Kanda F, Toda T. P783: The effect of surface round electrode locations in median nerve antidromic sensory nerve conduction study – an investigation with high density surface electrode. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Lee S, Toda T, Kiyama H, Yamashita T. Weakened rate-dependent depression of Hoffmann's reflex and increased motoneuron hyperactivity after motor cortical infarction in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1007. [PMID: 24434515 PMCID: PMC4040693 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal reflexes associated with spasticity are considered a major determinant of motor impairments occurring after stroke; however, the mechanisms underlying post-stroke spasticity remain unclear. This may be because of the lack of suitable rodent models for studying spasticity after cortical injuries. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to establish an appropriate post-stroke spasticity mouse model. We induced photothrombotic injury in the rostral and caudal forelimb motor areas of mice and used the rate-dependent depression (RDD) of Hoffmann's reflex (H-reflex) as an indicator of spastic symptoms. To detect motoneuron excitability, we examined c-fos mRNA levels and c-Fos immunoreactivity in affected motoneurons using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. To confirm the validity of our model, we confirmed the effect of the anti-spasticity drug baclofen on H-reflex RDDs 1 week post stroke. We found that 3 days after stroke, the RDD was significantly weakened in the affected muscles of stroke mice compared with sham-operated mice, and this was observed for 8 weeks. The c-fos mRNA levels in affected motoneurons were significantly increased in stroke mice compared with sham-operated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of c-Fos-positive motoneurons in stroke mice compared with sham-operated mice at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after stroke; however, the number of c-Fos-positive motoneurons on both sides of the brain gradually decreased over time. Baclofen treatment resulted in recovery of the weakened RDD at 1 week post stroke. Our findings suggest that this is a viable animal model of post-stroke spasticity.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ito C, Oki T, Yoshida T, Nanba F, Yamada K, Toda T. Characterisation of proanthocyanidins from black soybeans: isolation and characterisation of proanthocyanidin oligomers from black soybean seed coats. Food Chem 2013; 141:2507-12. [PMID: 23870988 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin oligomers (dimers to tetramers) were isolated from black soybean seed coats, using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and reversed-phase preparative HPLC. The isolated oligomers consisted of only (-)-epicatechin units, which were linked through either 4β→8 or 4β→6 (B-type) bonds. Procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, and cinnamtannin A2 were identified as the main compounds of the proanthocyanidin dimers, trimers, and tetramers, respectively.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wilson E, Lacey E, Holt I, Sciandra F, Brancaccio A, Hewitt J, Kobayashi K, Toda T, Sewry C, Brown S, Morris G. P.1.17 Immunostaining of the sarcolemma with a new monoclonal antibody against alpha-dystroglycan core and its relevance to diagnosis. Neuromuscul Disord 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Jin JS, Touyama M, Kibe R, Tanaka Y, Benno Y, Kobayashi T, Shimakawa M, Maruo T, Toda T, Matsuda I, Tagami H, Matsumoto M, Seo G, Chonan O, Benno Y. Analysis of the human intestinal microbiota from 92 volunteers after ingestion of identical meals. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:187-93. [PMID: 23271065 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota composition of 92 volunteers living in Japan was identified following the consumption of 'identical meals' (1,879 kcal/day) for 3 days. When faecal samples were analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism with several primer-restriction enzyme systems and then clustered, the patterns could be divided into 2 clusters. Contribution tests and partition modelling showed that OTU211 of the 35f-MspI system and OTU237 of the 35f-AluI system were key factors in the distribution of these groups. However, significant differences among these groups in terms of body mass index and age were not observed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kawai M, Purwanti IF, Nagao N, Slamet A, Hermana J, Toda T. Seasonal variation in chemical properties and degradability by anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate at Benowo in Surabaya, Indonesia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 110:267-75. [PMID: 22813759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in the physical and chemical characteristics of leachate taken from Benowo landfill in Indonesia, including factors likely to inhibit anaerobic digestion, were investigated to determine the impacts on the stability of anaerobic treatment. To evaluate the biodegradability of the leachate, a continuous experiment was conducted by changing the organic loading rate (OLR). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged between 2621 and 16,832 mg L(-1), and COD in the dry season was twice the level in the rainy season owing to reduced rainwater input and significant evaporation. COD, pH, and the concentrations of ammonium ion, and metals in the leachate were within acceptable ranges for decomposition by anaerobic digestion. However, the Na(+) and Cl(-) in the leachate are high enough to inhibit anaerobic digestion. From chemical investigation of leachate at six monitoring wells in Benowo, food waste accumulation and seawater intrusion might cause high salinity in the leachate. In the continuous experiment, COD removal efficiency was maintained at 40% regardless of OLR, suggesting that at least 40% of the leachate contained biodegradable substances. Based on these results, issues surrounding the biological treatment of saline and refractory substances in landfill leachate were discussed. It is suggested that high salinity and refractory substances in the leachate are common issues during the leachate treatment by anaerobic digestion as the implications for similar landfills in other countries around the world.
Collapse
|