476
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Brock K, Dong L, Low D, Lu W. WE-C-BRD-01: Automated Segmentation for Radiotherapy Volume Definition. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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477
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Chen M, Lu W, Ruchala K, Olivera G. SU-FF-T-632: Rotational Smooth for Arc Therapy Dose Calculation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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478
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Sterpin E, Mackie T, Lu W, Olivera G, Vynckier S. SU-FF-T-407: Full Monte Carlo Computation of K Correction Factors Calculated in Tomotherapy Static and Helical Deliveries for Future Ion Chamber Reference Dosimetry Protocols of Non Standard Beams. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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479
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Zhao T, Lu W, Bradley J, Parikh P, Hubenschmidt J, Low D. TU-C-303A-06: Quiet Respiration Breathing Motion Model Parameters for Free-Breathing Patients. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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480
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Ralph JE, Marsh KA, Pak AE, Lu W, Clayton CE, Fang F, Mori WB, Joshi C. Self-guiding of ultrashort, relativistically intense laser pulses through underdense plasmas in the blowout regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:175003. [PMID: 19518790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.175003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The self-guiding of relativistically intense but ultrashort laser pulses has been experimentally investigated as a function of laser power, plasma density, and plasma length in the blowout regime. The extent of self-guiding, observed by imaging the plasma exit, is shown to be limited by nonlinear pump depletion with observed self-guiding of over tens of Rayleigh lengths. Spectrally resolved images of the plasma exit show evidence consistent with self-guiding in the plasma wake. Minimal losses of the self-guided pulse resulted when the initial spot size was matched to the blowout radius.
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481
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Chaudhari SR, Goddu SM, Rangaraj D, Pechenaya OL, Lu W, Kintzel E, Malinowski K, Parikh PJ, Bradley JD, Low DA. Dosimetric variances anticipated from breathing- induced tumor motion during tomotherapy treatment delivery. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:2541-55. [PMID: 19349658 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/8/019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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482
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Wang X, Lu W, Zhu C, Ye F, Xie X. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin's gland with lung metastasis: a case report. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2009; 30:317-320. [PMID: 19697630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the Bartholin's gland is very rare. There is no agreed consensus on the optimal treatment. CASE In the present study we report the case of a 41-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from ACC of the Bartholin's gland with lung metastases and repeated local recurrence, and discuss the most suitable treatment for late stage ACC of the Bartholin's gland. CONCLUSION Our experience from this patient suggests that initial conservative surgery of a local lesion, even for later stage patients with ACC of the Bartholin's gland, could be considered.
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483
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Jiang J, Lu W, Bernholc J. Edge states and optical transition energies in carbon nanoribbons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:246803. [PMID: 19113645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.246803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The edge states and optical transition energies in carbon nanoribbons are investigated with density-functional calculations. While the ground state of zigzag ribbons is spin polarized, defects at the edges destroy spin polarization and lead to a nonmagnetic ground state. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy will thus show different features depending on edge quality. Optical transition energies in nanoribbons Eii are strongly affected by the edges and confinement, which introduce a term inversely proportional to their width. After removing that term, the scaling of Eii is quantitatively similar to that in carbon nanotubes.
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484
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Zhang HW, Yin JH, Li YT, Li CZ, Ren H, Gu CY, Wu HY, Liang XS, Zhang P, Zhao JF, Tan XJ, Lu W, Schaefer S, Cao GW. Risk factors for acute hepatitis B and its progression to chronic hepatitis in Shanghai, China. Gut 2008; 57:1713-20. [PMID: 18755887 PMCID: PMC2582333 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.157149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The major risk factors for acute hepatitis B (AHB) in China and the viral factors determining the progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B remain largely unknown. METHODS Epidemiological studies within a population-based surveillance for AHB in adults were performed in Shanghai, China, including 294 patients, 588 matched controls and 572 family members of the patients. RESULTS Invasive medical procedures, household contact with hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, body care and beauty treatments, and lack of HBV vaccination were independently associated with AHB. Among those risks, pedicure in bath centres emerged. Sixty-eight of 128 patients with AHB were genotyped including 33 with HBV B2 and 35 with HBV C2. Twenty-five (8.50%) of the 294 patients, including 20 with HBV C2 and 5 with HBV B2 (p = 0.013), progressed to chronic infection. Multivariate analysis showed that HBV C2 was independently associated with chronicification of AHB. Patients with HBV B2 were younger and there was a higher proportion of women than those with HBV C2. The prevalence of HBV B2 was higher in the patients than in neighbourhood chronic carriers. The chronic carriers with HBV B2 showed higher viral loads, higher hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity, and with higher proportion in men than those with HBV C2, implying that sexual contact plays a role in the transmission of HBV B2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HBV C2 was frequently involved in transmissions within households. CONCLUSIONS Despite lower viral load and HBeAg status in the chronic carriers, HBV C2 was more prone to causing chronic infection than was HBV B2.
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485
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Yang XF, Chen XS, Lu W, Fu Y. Effects of Shape and Strain Distribution of Quantum Dots on Optical Transition in the Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 3:534-539. [PMID: 20596318 PMCID: PMC2894248 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a systemic theoretical study of the electronic properties of the quantum dots inserted in quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). The strain distribution of three different shaped quantum dots (QDs) with a same ratio of the base to the vertical aspect is calculated by using the short-range valence-force-field (VFF) approach. The calculated results show that the hydrostatic strain varepsilon(H) varies little with change of the shape, while the biaxial strain varepsilon(B) changes a lot for different shapes of QDs. The recursion method is used to calculate the energy levels of the bound states in QDs. Compared with the strain, the shape plays a key role in the difference of electronic bound energy levels. The numerical results show that the deference of bound energy levels of lenslike InAs QD matches well with the experimental results. Moreover, the pyramid-shaped QD has the greatest difference from the measured experimental data.
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486
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Tzoufras M, Lu W, Tsung FS, Huang C, Mori WB, Katsouleas T, Vieira J, Fonseca RA, Silva LO. Beam loading in the nonlinear regime of plasma-based acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:145002. [PMID: 18851537 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.145002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A theory that describes how to load negative charge into a nonlinear, three-dimensional plasma wakefield is presented. In this regime, a laser or an electron beam blows out the plasma electrons and creates a nearly spherical ion channel, which is modified by the presence of the beam load. Analytical solutions for the fields and the shape of the ion channel are derived. It is shown that very high beam-loading efficiency can be achieved, while the energy spread of the bunch is conserved. The theoretical results are verified with the particle-in-cell code OSIRIS.
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487
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Wang S, Han J, Wang Y, Lu W, Chi C. Design of peptide inhibitors for furin based on the C-terminal fragment of histone H1.2. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/abbs/40.10.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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488
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Lu W, Michalski J, Garcia-Ramirez J, Hallemeier C. TRUS Guided Intraoperative Prostate Seed Implantation Based on Preplanning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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489
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Lu W, Mauer C, Chen M, Ruchala K, Zhang J, Lucas D, Chen Q, Olivera G. Experimental Validation for Real-time Motion Adapted Optimization (MAO) Guided Delivery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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490
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Reigada D, Lu W, Zhang M, Mitchell CH. Elevated pressure triggers a physiological release of ATP from the retina: Possible role for pannexin hemichannels. Neuroscience 2008; 157:396-404. [PMID: 18822352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased hydrostatic pressure can damage neurons, although the mechanisms linking pressure to neurochemical imbalance or cell injury are not fully established. Throughout the body, mechanical perturbations such as shear stress, cell stretching, or changes in pressure can lead to excessive release of ATP. It is thus possible that increased pressure across neural tissues triggers an elevated release of ATP into extracellular space. As stimulation of the P2X(7) receptor for ATP on retinal ganglion cells leads to elevation of intracellular calcium and excitotoxic death, we asked whether increased levels of extracellular ATP accompanied an elevation in pressure across the retina. The hydrostatic pressure surrounding bovine retinal eyecups was increased and the ATP content of the vitreal compartment adjacent to the retina was determined. A step increase of only 20 mm Hg induced a threefold increase in the vitreal ATP concentration. The ATP levels correlated closely with the degree of pressure increase over 20-100 mm Hg. The increase was transient at lower pressures but sustained at higher pressures. The rise in vitreal ATP was the same regardless of whether nitrogen or air was used to increase pressure, implying changes in oxygen partial pressure did not contribute. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was not affected by pressure, ruling out a substantial contribution from cell lysis. The ATP increase was largely inhibited by either 30 muM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) or 10 muM carbenoxolone (CBX). While this pharmacological profile is consistent with physiological release of ATP through pannexins hemichannels, a contribution from anion channels, vesicular release or other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, a step elevation in pressure leads to a physiologic increase in the levels of extracellular ATP bathing retinal neurons. This excess extracellular ATP may link increased pressure to the death of ganglion cells in acute glaucoma, and suggests a possible role for ATP in the neuronal damage accompanying increased intracranial pressure.
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491
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Lubkowski J, Barinka C, Lu W. Structure–function correlations in vertebrate defensins. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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492
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Padin S, Staniszewski Z, Keisler R, Joy M, Stark AA, Ade PAR, Aird KA, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Dobbs MA, Halverson NW, Heimsath S, Hills RE, Holzapfel WL, Lawrie C, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Leong J, Lu W, Lueker M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Plagge T, Pryke C, Ruhl JE, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Vieira JD. South Pole Telescope optics. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:4418-4428. [PMID: 18716649 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.004418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The South Pole Telescope is a 10 m diameter, wide-field, offset Gregorian telescope with a 966-pixel, millimeter-wave, bolometer array receiver. The telescope has an unusual optical system with a cold stop around the secondary. The design emphasizes low scattering and low background loading. All the optical components except the primary are cold, and the entire beam from prime focus to the detectors is surrounded by cold absorber.
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493
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Geddes CGR, Bruhwiler DL, Cary JR, Mori WB, Vay JL, Martins SF, Katsouleas T, Cormier-Michel E, Fawley WM, Huang C, Wang X, Cowan B, Decyk VK, Esarey E, Fonseca RA, Lu W, Messmer P, Mullowney P, Nakamura K, Paul K, Plateau GR, Schroeder CB, Silva LO, Toth C, Tsung FS, Tzoufras M, Antonsen T, Vieira J, Leemans WP. Computational studies and optimization of wakefield accelerators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/125/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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494
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Muggli P, Blue BE, Clayton CE, Decker FJ, Hogan MJ, Huang C, Joshi C, Katsouleas TC, Lu W, Mori WB, O'Connell CL, Siemann RH, Walz D, Zhou M. Halo formation and emittance growth of positron beams in plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:055001. [PMID: 18764398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An ultrarelativistic 28.5 GeV, 700-microm-long positron bunch is focused near the entrance of a 1.4-m-long plasma with a density n(e) between approximately equal to 10(13) and approximately equal to 5 x 10(14) cm(-3). Partial neutralization of the bunch space charge by the mobile plasma electrons results in a reduction in transverse size by a factor of approximately equal to 3 in the high emittance plane of the beam approximately equal to 1 m downstream from the plasma exit. As n(e) increases, the formation of a beam halo containing approximately 40% of the total charge is observed, indicating that the plasma focusing force is nonlinear. Numerical simulations confirm these observations. The bunch with an incoming transverse size ratio of approximately 3 and emittance ratio of approximately 5 suffers emittance growth and exits the plasma with approximately equal sizes and emittances.
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495
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Ye F, Hu Y, Lu W, Zhou C, Xie X. Expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: correlation with clinical characteristics. Histopathology 2008; 53:224-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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496
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Lu W, Chen M, Chen Q, Mauer C, Ruchala K, Lucas D, Zhang J, Olivera G. WE-E-AUD A-02: Real-Time Motion-Adapted-Optimization (MAO) Guided TomoTherapy Delivery. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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497
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Zhu JM, Li H, Lu W, Mutic S, Low DA, Grigsby PW. SU-GG-J-134: MRI-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer: Initial Experience with High Resolution Diffusion Imaging. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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498
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Gering D, Lu W. SU-GG-I-91: An Automatic Contouring Method That Combines Rule-Based, Atlas-Based, and Mesh-Based Approaches. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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499
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Chen Y, Lu W, Chen Q, Reitz G, Ruchala K, Olivera G. SU-GG-T-82: Dynamic Jaw for Helical TomoTherapy Delivery. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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500
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Lu W, Li H, Lewis J, Thorstad W, Low D, Laforest R, Nussenbaum B, Zhu J, Parikh P, Wu B, Biehl K. SU-GG-J-03: 3D Pathology Validation for Head-And-Neck Tumor Segmentation in PET/CT/MRI Images. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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