CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE PESTICIDES PHOSDRIN AND BLADEX ON TRADESCANTIA AND VICIA FABA

The cytological effects of the insecticide Phosdrin (mevinphos) and the herbicide Bladex on root tips of Tradescantia and Vicia faba were observed and compared with those of the chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). In addition, plants of Vicia faba were sprayed prior to floral initiation and pollen mother cells examined for chromosomal abnormalities. Phosdrin and Bladex produced the same kinds of chromosome abnormalities as EMS, namely, fragments, bridges, multipolar anaphases and lagging chromosomes. Bladex produced a higher percentage (3.47%) of chromosome aberrations in root tips of Tradescantia than did Phosdrin (2.56%), but fewer in Vicia faba than did either EMS or Phosdrin. Bladex was more toxic to cells of Vicia faba. The greater percentage of chromosome fragments induced by both pesticides in Vicia faba may be the result of highly specific and localized action of the pesticides in heterochromatic regions. Vicia faba seedlings sprayed with Phosdrin had a greater percentage of chromosome aberrations in the pollen mother cells than were found in root tips after Phosdrin treatment. Bladex sprayed at the same concentration as Phosdrin (200, 400, 600 ppm) was lethal to the plants. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by both pesticides deviated significantly from that of the control.

Studies on some 4,5-diacyl-1,3-dithioles

1,2-Dithiole-3-thiones and 1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones react with dibenzoylacetylene to provide thioacylmethylene or thioacylimino-1,3-dithiole adducts respectively. Some of these, on sulfurization, provide thieno[3,4d]-1,3-dithiole derivatives, but in others a retro-1,3-dipolar reaction predominates. Further reaction of the initial adducts with more dibenzoylacetylene provides spiran compounds.

Studies on some 1,2,4-dithiazolium salts

3-Alkylthio-1,2,4-dithiazolium salts are most conveniently made by alkylation of the corresponding 1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones by dimethyl sulfate. These salts readily undergo nucleophilic attack by amines in position 3, with loss of a methylthio group. Hydrogen peroxide oxidation, or chlorination, of the thiones gives the corresponding dithiazole-3-ones.

Ameloblastic Fibro-Dentinoma of Mandible: A Case Report

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24 : 119-121)

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cardiovascular Care

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of a country’s own tradition and are not integrated into the dominant health care system. Herbal remedies, dietary supplements, acupuncture, homeopathy, ayurveda, unani, traditional Chinese medicine, prayer, yoga and meditation are the common examples. CAM therapies often represent an enormous area of unregulated and widely practised therapeutics with an inadequate scientific literature. However, there is emerging evidence that some of the CAM therapies are effective in certain clinical conditions. Presently, throughout the world, there is rampant growth of CAM industries, and increasing number of reputed pharmaceutical companies are producing herbals and dietary supplements. Herbal products used for cardiovascular purposes include garlic, hawthorn, ginkgo, horse chestnut and arjun. These substances are often popularly believed to be ‘natural’, hence safe. But adverse reactions including deaths have been reported with some of the CAM products. There is also growing concern for significant drug interaction among commonly used herbals, dietary supplements and cardiovascular drugs. At present, CAM therapies may best be regarded as an adjunct to standard medical care. More scientific research and strict regulation by standard national and international authorities are needed to ensure their efficacy and safety in cardiovascular care. Key words: Complementary and alternative medicine, Herbals, Cardiovascular care. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8211 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 84-96

"Dredging Method" - A Conservative Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Ameloblastoma of Jaw

Ameloblastoma is an aggressive benign odontogenic tumor of jaws with different clinical features and histologic patterns. The resection of mandible in growing young patient is associated with number of complications such as loss of jaw bone support, deformity, dysfunction and psychological distress even after reconstruction. An alternative conservative surgical procedure "Dredging Method" is a procedure which can eradicate the tumor as well as restore the normal contour and function of jaw. The procedure was followed in twenty four cases of histologically confirmed mandibular ameloblastoma in Bangladeshi patients, with recurrence of three cases in an average of two years follow up. The recurrent cases could be handled easily due to early detection in regular follow up. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7951 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 72-77)

Utilization of rural maternity delivery services in Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu District: A Qualitative Study

Increasing the proportion of births attended by skilled health providers is likely the key factor in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Study objectives were to identify key factors influencing the utilization delivery services and stakeholders’ perceptions about these services. The study utilized focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with a diversity of community members users and nonusers , dalit women and health facility staffs to gain insights about the factors influencing use of trained attendants. Field researchers were trained to use FGD guides and interview schedules, and then gathered information on the perspectives of the women and their families and health staff. In Nawalparasi and Kapilvwastu we conducted a comparative study to compare on factors affecting the volume of delivery services.In Nawalparasi the deliveries in the pervious six months was relatively large number from hospital and PHCC whereas in Kapilvastu the delivery was in smaller number. The vast majority of women planned to have a home delivery attended by relatives and/or a Trained Birth Attendants and to reserve attendance at a health facility as a back-up plan in case of prolonged labor and complications. Ritual pollution considerations interfere with a decision to seek delivery in a facility, especially in the Western Hills. The cost recovery scheme ("incentives") deals with a major factor which inhibits use of health facilities. TBAs can encourage clients to deliver in health facilities. Staff feel that the large number of vacant positions inhibits availability of services and requires strenuous efforts on their part to cover for vacancies. Key Words: Maternity; delivery; health staff DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4072Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.29-36

Reactions of some 1,3-dipolarophiles with 1,2-dithioles and 1,2,4-dithiazoles

The reactions of 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones and 1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thiones with acetylenic esters provide initial 1,3-dithiole products by 1,3-dipolar additions. 3-Imino-1,2-dithioles react similarly to form thiazoles. Both these initial adducts react further with more acetylenic ester to form spiran type structures. The stereochemistry of these is discussed briefly and applied to their reactivity and spectroscopic properties.

Herpesvirus in Marek's disease tumors

Intranuclear and cytoplasmic virus particles of the herpes type were located in epithelial cells that line the kidney collecting tubules obtained from a chick with Marek's disease. The chick had contracted the disease by direct contact transmission. The virus was not observed in any of the invading tumor cells in the same kidney.

Electron microscopic localization of herpesvirus-type particles in Marek's disease

Upon cultivation of chicken lymphoid tumors induced by Georgia isolate of Marek's disease, clusters of refractile rounded cells appeared consistently in the cell cultures. Intranuclear mature, immature, enveloped, and empty herpesvirus-type particles, usually associated with smaller particles, were observed in all rounded cells in the affected areas. Cytoplasmic inclusions containing mature enveloped virus particles were also seen in the rounded cells. Often fibroblasts growing in the vicinity of the cytopathic effect area contained a few herpesvirus-type particles. The original tumors prior to cultivation did not reveal any virus particles, and the virus in infected cultures was always cell-associated. Control cell cultures neither developed the rounded cells nor demonstrated the presence of any type of virus particles.

Synthesis of 1,3,3-trimethyl- and 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-5-(methyl- and dimethyl-carbamoyloxy) indolines and their methiodides

The title compounds have been synthesised for testing as anticholinesterases.

Neuromuscular and intercellular relationships in the coronary arterioles. A morphological and quantitative study by light and electron microscopy

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