1401
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de Almeida Curi NH, Araújo AS, Campos FS, Lobato ZIP, Gennari SM, Marvulo MFV, Silva JCR, Talamoni SA. Wild canids, domestic dogs and their pathogens in Southeast Brazil: disease threats for canid conservation. Biodivers Conserv 2010; 19:3513-3524. [PMID: 32214695 PMCID: PMC7088301 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-010-9911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild canids are under many pressures, including habitat loss, fragmentation and disease. The current lack of information on the status of wildlife health may hamper conservation efforts in Brazil. In this paper, we examined the prevalence of canine pathogens in 21 free-ranging wild canids, comprising 12 Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 7 Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 2 Lycalopex vetulus (hoary fox), and 70 non-vaccinated domestic dogs from the Serra do Cipó National Park area, Southeast Brazil. For wild canids, seroprevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus and Toxoplasma gondii was 100 (21/21), 33 (7/21), 5 (1/19) and 68 (13/19) percent, respectively. Antibodies against canine distemper virus, Neospora caninum or Babesia spp. were not found. We tested domestic dogs for antibodies to canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and Babesia spp., and seroprevalences were 59 (41/70), 66 (46/70), and 42 (40/70) percent, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in domestic dogs for CDV (P < 0.001) and Babesia spp. (P = 0.002), and in wild canids for CPV (P < 0.001). We report for the first time evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus in wild hoary foxes, and Platynossomun sp. infection in wild maned wolves. Maned wolves are more exposed to helminths than crab-eating foxes, with a higher prevalence of Trichuridae and Ancylostomidae in the area. The most common ectoparasites were Amblyomma cajennense, A. tigrinum, and Pulex irritans. Such data is useful information on infectious diseases of Brazilian wild canids, revealing pathogens as a threat to wild canids in the area. Control measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Henrique de Almeida Curi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais—PUC Minas, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- Rua Francisco Eugênio Teixeira, 334, 37200-000 Lavras, MG Brazil
| | - Amanda Soriano Araújo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Fábia Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Zélia Inês Portela Lobato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 30270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Vianna Marvulo
- Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação—Tríade, Estrada do Encanamento, 1752/1201, Casa Forte, 52070-000 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 50171-900 Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais—PUC Minas, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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1402
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Khattab MA, Eslam M, Alavian SM. Hepatitis C virus as a multifaceted disease: a simple and updated approach for extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. Hepat Mon 2010; 10:258-69. [PMID: 22312391 PMCID: PMC3271318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus infection is an emerging disease and a public health problem in the world. There are accumulating data regarding extra hepatic manifestation of HCV, such as rheumatologic manifestations, endocrine, hematologic, dermatologic, renal, neurologic, and systemic manifestations. The therapy of them needs more attention to some exacerbations of extra hepatic manifestation and in some situation it needs different approaches. In this review we tried to provide latest evidence for extra hepatic manifestation and management of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aboelneen Khattab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,Corresponding author at: Dr. Mahmoud Aboelneen Khattab, Professor of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Minia University, Minia, Egypt, P.O. Box: 61111. Tel.: +20-225197818, +20-862378181, Fax: +20-86242813, E-mail:
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR.Iran
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1403
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Ardekani AM, Naeini MM. The Role of MicroRNAs in Human Diseases. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2010; 2:161-79. [PMID: 23407304 PMCID: PMC3558168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules which bind to target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression and gene silencing and are found in all eukaryotic cells. Approximately 2200 miRNA genes have been reported to exist in the mammalian genome, from which over 1000 belong to the human genome. Many major cellular functions such as development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism are known to be regulated by miRNAs. Proximity to other genes in the genome and their locations in introns of coding genes, noncoding genes and exons have been reported to have a major influence on the level of gene expressions in eukaryotic cells. miRNAs are well conserved in eukaryotic system and are believed to be an essential and evolutionary ancient component of gene regulatory networks. Therefore, in recent years miRNAs have been studied as a likely candidate for involvement in most biologic processes and have been implicated in many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Ardekani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Ali M. Ardekani, Ph.D., Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. P.O. Box: 19615-1177. Tel: +98 21 22432020. Fax: +98 21 22432021. E-mail:
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1404
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Abstract
Modern medicine has done much in the fields of infectious diseases and emergencies to aid cure. In most other fields, it is mostly control that it aims for, which is another name for palliation. Pharmacology, psychopharmacology included, is mostly directed towards such control and palliation too. The thrust, both of clinicians and research, must now turn decisively towards prevention and cure. Also, longevity with well-being is modern medicine's other big challenge. Advances in vaccines for hypertension, diabetes, cancers etc, deserve attention; as also, the role of meditation, yoga, spirituality etc in preventing disease at various levels. Studies on longevity, life style changes and healthy centenarians deserve special scrutiny to find what aids longevity with wellbeing. A close look at complementary and alternative medicine is needed to find any suitable models they may have, cutting aside their big talk and/or hostility towards mainstream medical care. Medicine is a manifestation of the human eros, and should not become a means of its thanatos. It must realise its true potential, so that eros prevails, and thanatos prevails only ultimately, not prematurely.
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1405
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Hasan H, Hasan TF. Laugh yourself into a healthier person: a cross cultural analysis of the effects of varying levels of laughter on health. Int J Med Sci 2009; 6:200-11. [PMID: 19652724 PMCID: PMC2719285 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-cultural study explored along with various personality factors the relationship between laughter and disease prevalence. Previous studies have only determined the effect of laughter on various health dimensions, whereas, this study quantified the level of laughter that was beneficial or detrimental to health. There were a total of 730 participants between the ages of eighteen and thirty-nine years. 366 participants were from Aurangabad, India (AUR), and 364 participants were from Mississauga, Canada (MISS). The participants were provided a survey assessing demographics, laughter, lifestyle, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, emotional well-being and health dimensions. In AUR, a beneficial effect of laughter was mediated through moderate levels (level two) of laughter, whereas both low (level one) and high (level three) levels had no effect. Similarly, in MISS, the beneficial effect was mediated through level two, but a negative effect was also seen at level three. This could be attributable to a higher prevalence of bronchial asthma in western countries. Laughter was associated with emotional well-being in MISS and life satisfaction in AUR, providing cross cultural models to describe the interactions between laughter and disease. This study validated the correlation between emotional well-being and life satisfaction, with a stronger correlation seen in MISS, suggesting that individualists rely more on their emotional well-being to judge their life satisfaction. In conclusion, there is a benefit to clinicians to incorporate laughter history into their general medical history taking. Future research should consider developing mechanisms to explain the effects of level two, determine specific systemic effects and obtain more samples to generalize the cross cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunaid Hasan
- Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharastra, India.
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1406
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Barbosa A, Palacios MJ. Health of Antarctic birds: a review of their parasites, pathogens and diseases. Polar Biol 2009; 32:1095. [PMID: 32214635 PMCID: PMC7087846 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic birds are not beyond the effects of parasites or pathogens. However, potential ecological consequences of wide-spread infections for bird populations in Antarctica have received little attention. In this paper, we review the information published about disease and parasites, and their effects on Antarctic birds. The information on host species, parasites and pathogens, and geographic regions is incomplete and data on ecological effects on the populations, including how birds respond to pathogens and parasites, are almost inexistent. We conclude that more research is needed to establish general patterns of spatial and temporal variation in pathogens and parasites, and to determine how such patterns could influence hosts. This information is crucial to limit the spread of outbreaks and may aid in the decision-making process should they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Barbosa
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, C/General Segura, 1, 04001 Almeria, Spain
- Present Address: Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Palacios
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, C/General Segura, 1, 04001 Almeria, Spain
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1407
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the system of organs within multi-cellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The various patterns of GI tract function are generated by the integrated behaviour of multiple tissues and cell types. A thorough study of the GI tract requires understanding of the interactions between cells, tissues and gastrointestinal organs in health and disease. This depends on knowledge, not only of numerous cellular ionic current mechanisms and signal transduction pathways, but also of large scale GI tissue structures and the special distribution of the nervous network. A unique way of coping with this explosion in complexity is mathematical and computational modelling; providing a computational framework for the multilevel modelling and simulation of the human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of biomechanical modelling work of the GI tract in humans and animals, which can be further used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system. Such modelling will aid research and ensure that medical professionals benefit, through the provision of relevant and precise information about the patient’s condition and GI remodelling in animal disease models. It will also improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures, which could result in reduced cost for diagnosis and treatment.
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1408
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Abstract
As the 21st century unfolds, strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases remain an area of vital interest and concern. The burden of disease, disability, and death caused by infectious diseases is felt around the world in both developed and developing nations. Moreover, the ability of infectious agents to destabilize populations, economies, and governments is strikingly apparent. To an unprecedented degree, infectious disease-related issues are high on the agendas of world leaders, philanthropists, policymakers, and the public. This enhanced focus, combined with recent scientific and technological advances, creates new opportunities and challenges for infectious disease research and practice. This paper examines these issues in the context of three countries: China, India, and the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Hamburg
- NTI Global Health and Security Initiative, 1747 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Washington, DC 20006, USA
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1409
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Abstract
Since the description of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 became known in 1972, much progress has been achieved in its genetic location, gene structure and expression, protein structure, receptor binding, and signal transduction, as well as its biological effects. Here we introduce the structure and function of TGFβ1, with an emphasis on its special effects on liver fibrosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TGFβ1 gene and its effects on disease development and prediction are also discussed to reveal the pathogenesis of this polypeptide growth factor and its potential in disease diagnosis and intervention.
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1410
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Harris S, Brookes S, Jones G, Hutson A, Racey P, Aegerter J, Smith G, McElhinney L, Fooks A. European bat lyssaviruses: Distribution, prevalence and implications for conservation. Biol Conserv 2006; 131:193-210. [PMID: 32226078 PMCID: PMC7096730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, there are more than 1100 species of the Order Chiroptera, 45 of which are present in Europe, and 16 in the UK. Bats are reservoirs of, or can be infected by, several viral diseases, including rabies virus strains (in the Lyssavirus genus). Within this genus are bat variants that have been recorded in Europe; European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1), European bat lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2) and, four currently unclassified isolates. Since 1977, 783 cases of EBLVs (by isolation of viral RNA) have been recorded in Europe. EBLV-1 or EBLV-2 has been identified in 12 bat species, with over 95% of EBLV-1 infections identified in Eptesicus serotinus. EBLV-2 is associated with Myotis species (Myotis daubentonii and Myotis dasycneme). A programme of passive surveillance in the United Kingdom between 1987 and 2004 tested 4871 bats for lyssaviruses. Of these, four M. daubentonii (3.57% of submitted M. daubentonii) were positive for EBLV-2. Potential bias in the passive surveillance includes possible over-representation of synanthropic species and regional biases caused by varying bat submission numbers from different parts of the UK. In 2003, active surveillance in the UK began, and has detected an antibody prevalence level of 1-5% of EBLV-2 in M. daubentonii (n = 350), and one bat with antibodies to EBLV-1 in E. serotinus (n = 52). No cases of live lyssavirus infection or lyssavirus viral RNA have been detected through active surveillance. Further research and monitoring regarding prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis and immunity is required to ensure that integrated bat conservation continues throughout Europe, whilst enabling informed policy decision regarding both human and wildlife health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.L. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
- Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - S.M. Brookes
- Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - G. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - A.M. Hutson
- Winkfield, Station Road, Plumpton Green, East Sussex, BN7 3BU, UK
| | - P.A. Racey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - J. Aegerter
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - G.C. Smith
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - L.M. McElhinney
- Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - A.R. Fooks
- Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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1411
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Abstract
Viruses causing infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) were first isolated in Japan during the 1970s and these two diseases remain among the most serious problems affecting cultured salmonids in Japan. In addition to IHN and IPN, four other viral diseases cause major economic losses among cultured fishes in Japan. These include viral pancreatic hepatic necrosis of yellowtail, rhabdovirus infection of Japanese flounder and black rock fish, Kuchishiro-sho of tiger puffer fish, and epidermal hyperplasia or necrosis of Japanese flounder. Over the years, a number of other viruses have been isolated from, or have been observed by electron microscopy, in moribund fish. Members of 10 of the existing families of animal viruses are represented in this group. Their importance to the aquaculture industry in Japan is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kimura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Minato 3-1-1, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041 Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoshimizu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Minato 3-1-1, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041 Japan
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1412
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Abstract
As a result of the difficulties in improving disease resistance in farm animals by traditional phenotype selection, the achievement of such improvement is one of the most important applications of genome research. The major hurdle to this important goal is the collection of informative disease records to enable the segregation of disease resistance loci (DRL) to be traced in pedigrees. This paper reviews the principles for DRL identification by association analyses or by linkage analyses. Once linkage has been established, the location of the DRL may be further refined, a process which may eventually lead to the molecular characterisation of the causative gene(s) and mutation(s). A reliable map assignment of a DRL is sufficient for the practical utilisation of this knowledge, since the inheritance of the DRL can be traced by flanking markers. Marker-assisted selection concerns the use of linked markers for selection within populations, while marker-assisted introgression is used if DRL alleles are introgressed from a donor (resource) population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soller
- Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 597. S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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1413
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Abstract
Intervention of the aging process is an effective, experimental means of uncovering the bases of aging. The most efficacious and commonly used intervention used to retard the aging processes is dietary restriction (DR). It increases mean and maximum life spans, delays the appearance, frequency, and severity of many age-related diseases, and more importantly, attenuates much of the physiological decline associated with age. Although the subject of intense research, the mechanism by which DR alters the aging processes is still unknown. Physical exercise is another effective intervention shown to affect aging phenomena, especially when applied in combination with DR. Mild exercise in concert with DR is beneficial, but vigorous exercise coupled with DR could be deleterious. With regard to pathology, exercise generally exerts a salutary influence on age-related diseases, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic, and this effect may contribute to the increase in median life span seen with exercised rats. Exercise coupled with 40% DR was found to suppress the incidence of fatal neoplastic disease compared to the sedentary DR group. Exercise with mild DR suppressed the incidence of multiple fatal disease and chronic nephropathy, and also delayed the occurrence of many age-related lesions compared to the ad libitum (AL) control group. However, these effects may have little bearing on the aging process per se, as maximum life span is only minimally affected. Although not as intensively studied as DR, results from studies that utilize exercise as a research probe, either alone or in combination with DR, have helped to assess the validity of proposed mechanisms for DR and aging itself. Neither the retardation of growth rate nor the increase in physical activity, observed with either exercise or DR, appear to contribute to the anti-aging action of DR. Moreover, results from lifelong exercise studies indicate that the effects of DR do not depend upon changes in energy availability or metabolic rate. The mechanisms involving effects on adiposity or immune function are also inadequate explanations for the action of DR on aging. Of the proposed mechanisms, only one, as postulated by the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis of Aging, tenably accounts for the known effects of DR and exercise on aging.
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1414
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Meléndez EJ, Ackerman JD. The effects of a rust infection on fitness components in a natural population of Tolumnia variegata (Orchidaceae). Oecologia 1993; 94:361-367. [PMID: 28313672 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1992] [Accepted: 02/01/1993] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a rust infection (Sphenosphora saphena, Basidiomycetes) on several fitness components of the orchid Tolumnia (Oncidium) variegata were quantified in a subtropical moist forest of Puerto Rico. Infected and uninfected plants of two size categories were observed and manipulated by increasing natural levels of fruit production to determine the effects of infection on short and long-term sexual reproduction, subsequent vegetative and reproductive growth, and mortality. Under artificially high levels of fruit production, infection had no effect on short or long-term reproduction through male or female function except for a modest decline in seed viability in small plants. Under natural levels of fruit production, infection was only related to a reduction in the number of leaves per shoot. At artificially high levels of fruit production, infection reduced leaf length, leaf width, and the number of live shoots. Survival was not associated with rust occurrence. The rust appears to have minor ecological impact on this orchid population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Meléndez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, 00931, Rio Piedras, PR, USA
| | - J D Ackerman
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, 00931, Rio Piedras, PR, USA
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1415
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Borner M, FitzGibbon CD, Borner M, Caro TM, Lindsay WK, Collins DA, Holt ME. The decline of the Serengeti Thomson's gazelle population. Oecologia 1987; 73:32-40. [PMID: 28311402 DOI: 10.1007/bf00376974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1986] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The population of Thomson's gazelles in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania has declined by almost two thirds over a 13 year period. In the early 1970s, numbers stood at 0.66 million animals but had decreased to less than 0.25 million animals in 1985 as estimated by 5 different censuses using two different counting techniques. Predation, interspecific competition and disease are all factors that could have contributed to this decline, and at least one of these factors, predation, could now prevent the Thomson's gazelle population from increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borner
- Frankfurt Zoological Society, Serengeti National Park, c/o Tanzania National Parks, P.O. Box 3134, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - C D FitzGibbon
- Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute, P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania.,Sub-department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, CB3 8AA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mo Borner
- Frankfurt Zoological Society, Serengeti National Park, c/o Tanzania National Parks, P.O. Box 3134, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - T M Caro
- Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute, P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania.,Sub-department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, CB3 8AA, Cambridge, UK
| | - W K Lindsay
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, CB2 3DX, Cambridge, UK
| | - D A Collins
- Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute, P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania.,Department of Zoology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3JT, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M E Holt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK
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