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Ashraf A, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Ok YS, Murtaza G, Shahid M, Kunhikrishnan A, Li D, Mahmood T. Chromium(VI) sorption efficiency of acid-activated banana peel over organo-montmorillonite in aqueous solutions. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:605-613. [PMID: 27849143 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1256372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined sorption of chromate (Cr(VI)) to acid-activated banana peel (AABP) and organo-montmorillonite (O-mont) as a function of pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration at a sorbent dose of 4 g L-1 and at 20 ± 1°C in aqueous solutions. In sorption edge experiments, maximum Cr(VI) removal was obtained at pH 3 after 2 hours by AABP and O-mont (88% and 69%). Sorption isotherm data showed that the sorption capacity of AABP was higher than O-mont (15.1 vs. 6.67 mg g-1, respectively, at pH 4). Freundlich and Langmuir models provided the best fits to describe Cr(VI) sorption onto AABP (R2 = 0.97) and O-mont (R2 = 0.96). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy elucidated that for AABP mainly the -OH, -COOH, -NH2, and for O-mont intercalated amines and -OH surface functional groups were involved in Cr(VI) sorption. The scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses, although partly, indicate that the (wt. %) proportion of cations (e.g., Ca, Mg) in AABP decreased after Cr(VI) sorption. This may be due to ion exchange of chromite (Cr(III)) (produced from Cr(VI) reduction) with cationic elements in AABP. Also, Cr(VI) desorption (using phosphate solution) from AABP was lower (29%) than that from O-mont (51%) up to the third regeneration cycle. This bench scale comparative study highlights that the utilization of widely available and low-cost acid-activated biomaterials has a greater potential than organo-clays for Cr(VI) removal in aqueous media. However, future studies are warranted to precisely delineate different mechanisms of Cr(VI) sorption/reduction by acid-activated biomaterials and organo-clays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ashraf
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- b MARUM and Department of Geosciences , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- b MARUM and Department of Geosciences , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
- c Southern Cross GeoScience , Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW , Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- d Korea Biochar Research Center and Department of Biological Environment , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- e Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Vehari , Pakistan
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- f Chemical Safety Division , National Academy of Agricultural Science , Wanju , Korea
| | - Dongwei Li
- g College of Resource and Environmental Science , Chongqing University , Chongqing , China
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Shahid M, Rafiq M, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Shamshad S, Khalid S, Bibi I. Arsenic accumulation and physiological attributes of spinach in the presence of amendments: an implication to reduce health risk. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:16097-16106. [PMID: 28537029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the effect of calcium (Ca) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on arsenic (As) uptake and toxicity to spinach (Spinacia oleracea) as well as assessed the potential human health risks. Spinach seedlings were exposed to three levels of As (25, 125, and 250 μM) alone or together with three levels of EDTA (25, 125, and 250 μM) and Ca (1, 5, and 10 mM). The effect of EDTA and Ca was assessed in terms of As contents in roots and shoots, hydrogen peroxide production, chlorophyll contents, and lipid peroxidation. The accumulation and toxicity of As to spinach plants increased with increasing As levels in nutrient solution. Exposure to As resulted in lipid peroxidation and reduced chlorophyll contents. The highest level of As alone (250 μM) showed highest human health risk (hazard quotient of 7.09 at As-250). Addition of EDTA enhanced As accumulation by spinach, while reduced As toxicity to spinach, as well as human health risk (hazard quotient of 4.01 at As-250). Similarly, Ca significantly reduced As toxicity to spinach and the human health risks (hazard quotient of 3.79 at As-250) by reducing its accumulation in spinach. Higher levels of Ca were more effective in reducing As uptake and toxicity as well as enhancing chlorophyll contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Marina Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
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Shahid M, Shamshad S, Rafiq M, Khalid S, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Rashid MI. Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review. Chemosphere 2017. [PMID: 28347915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2.017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Marina Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Shahid M, Shamshad S, Rafiq M, Khalid S, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Rashid MI. Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review. Chemosphere 2017; 178:513-533. [PMID: 28347915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Marina Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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105
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Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalid S, Schreck E, Xiong T, Niazi NK. Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. J Hazard Mater 2017; 325:36-58. [PMID: 27915099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropologic activities have transformed global biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by emitting considerable quantities of these metals into the atmosphere from diverse sources. In spite of substantial and progressive developments in industrial processes and techniques to reduce environmental emissions, atmospheric contamination by toxic heavy metals and associated ecological and health risks are still newsworthy. Atmospheric heavy metals may be absorbed via foliar organs of plants after wet or dry deposition of atmospheric fallouts on plant canopy. Unlike root metal transfer, which has been largely studied, little is known about heavy metal uptake by plant leaves from the atmosphere. To the best of our understanding, significant research gaps exist regarding foliar heavy metal uptake. This is the first review regarding biogeochemical behaviour of heavy metals in atmosphere-plant system. The review summarizes the mechanisms involved in foliar heavy metal uptake, transfer, compartmentation, toxicity and in plant detoxification. We have described the biological and environmental factors that affect foliar uptake of heavy metals and compared the biogeochemical behaviour (uptake, translocation, compartmentation, toxicity and detoxification) of heavy metals for root and foliar uptake. The possible health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metal-laced food are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Eva Schreck
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse CNRS, IRD, 14 avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
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106
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Wu W, Li J, Lan T, Müller K, Niazi NK, Chen X, Xu S, Zheng L, Chu Y, Li J, Yuan G, Wang H. Unraveling sorption of lead in aqueous solutions by chemically modified biochar derived from coconut fiber: A microscopic and spectroscopic investigation. Sci Total Environ 2017; 576:766-774. [PMID: 27810761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the efficacy of nine different types of coconut-fiber derived biochars (CFBs), prepared at different temperatures and chemically modified with ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, to remove lead (Pb2+) from aqueous solutions. Langmuir-qm values of the biochars pyrolyzed at 300°C and modified with ammonia and nitric acid increased from 49.5 to 105.5 and 85.2mgg-1, respectively, compared to control (unmodified), whereas hydrogen peroxide treatment had no effect. The maximum amount of Pb adsorbed on biochars was in the order of CFB-700>MCFB-300-NH3·H2O>CFB-500>MCFB-300-HNO3>CFB-300. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy results revealed that Pb-montmorillonite, Pb(C2H3O2)2, PbSO4, Pb-Al2O3 and Pb3(PO4)2 were the five most important Pb species observed in Pb-loaded biochars, and as such, favoring Pb immobilization in aqueous solutions. Overall, the sorption capacity of CFBs pyrolyzed at 300°C substantially increased for Pb2+ with ammonia and nitric acid modification. However, these chemical modifications did not improve the sorption of Pb on CFBs pyrolyzed at temperatures ≥500°C, thereby highlighting a temperature dependent response of chemically modified biochars to Pb sorption in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Karin Müller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Song Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yingchao Chu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Jianwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong 523169, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong 523169, China.
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107
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Lu K, Yang X, Gielen G, Bolan N, Ok YS, Niazi NK, Xu S, Yuan G, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu D, Song Z, Liu X, Wang H. Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the mobility and redistribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in contaminated soil. J Environ Manage 2017; 186:285-292. [PMID: 27264699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has emerged as an efficient tool to affect bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Although partially understood, a carefully designed incubation experiment was performed to examine the effect of biochar on mobility and redistribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a sandy loam soil collected from the surroundings of a copper smelter. Bamboo and rice straw biochars with different mesh sizes (<0.25 mm and <1 mm), were applied at three rates (0, 1, and 5% w/w). Heavy metal concentrations in pore water were determined after extraction with 0.01 M CaCl2. Phytoavailable metals were extracted using DTPA/TEA (pH 7.3). The European Union Bureau of Reference (EUBCR) sequential extraction procedure was adopted to determine metal partitioning and redistribution of heavy metals. Results showed that CaCl2-and DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the bamboo and rice straw biochar treated soils, especially at 5% application rate, than those in the unamended soil. Soil pH values were significantly correlated with CaCl2-extractable metal concentrations (p < 0.01). The EUBCR sequential extraction procedure revealed that the acid extractable fractions of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with biochar addition. Rice straw biochar was more effective than bamboo biochar in decreasing the acid extractable metal fractions, and the effect was more pronounced with increasing biochar application rate. The effect of biochar particle size on extractable metal concentrations was not consistent. The 5% rice straw biochar treatment reduced the DTPA-extractable metal concentrations in the order of Cd < Cu < Pb < Zn, and reduced the acid extractable pool of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by 11, 17, 34 and 6%, respectively, compared to the control. In the same 5% rice straw biochar treatments, the organic bound fraction increased by 37, 58, 68 and 18% for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively, compared to the control, indicating that the immobilized metals were mainly bound in the soil organic matter fraction. The results demonstrated that the rice straw biochar can effectively immobilize heavy metals, thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Gerty Gielen
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Institute for Environmental Research, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Song Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong 523169, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong 523169, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong 523169, China.
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Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalid S, Niazi NK, Antunes PMC. Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 241:73-137. [PMID: 27300014 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the findings of the most recent studies, published from 2000 to 2016, which focus on the biogeochemical behavior of Cd in soil-plant systems and its impact on the ecosystem. For animals and people not subjected to a Cd-contaminated environment, consumption of Cd contaminated food (vegetables, cereals, pulses and legumes) is the main source of Cd exposure. As Cd does not have any known biological function, and can further cause serious deleterious effects both in plants and mammalian consumers, cycling of Cd within the soil-plant system is of high global relevance.The main source of Cd in soil is that which originates as emissions from various industrial processes. Within soil, Cd occurs in various chemical forms which differ greatly with respect to their lability and phytoavailability. Cadmium has a high phytoaccumulation index because of its low adsorption coefficient and high soil-plant mobility and thereby may enter the food chain. Plant uptake of Cd is believed to occur mainly via roots by specific and non-specific transporters of essential nutrients, as no Cd-specific transporter has yet been identified. Within plants, Cd causes phytotoxicity by decreasing nutrient uptake, inhibiting photosynthesis, plant growth and respiration, inducing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant system and functioning of membranes. Plants tackle Cd toxicity via different defense strategies such as decreased Cd uptake or sequestration into vacuoles. In addition, various antioxidants combat Cd-induced overproduction of ROS. Other mechanisms involve the induction of phytochelatins, glutathione and salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès-Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
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Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalid S, Niazi NK, Antunes PMC. Cadmium Bioavailability, Uptake, Toxicity and Detoxification in Soil-Plant System. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 27300014 DOI: 10.1007/398-2016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the findings of the most recent studies, published from 2000 to 2016, which focus on the biogeochemical behavior of Cd in soil-plant systems and its impact on the ecosystem. For animals and people not subjected to a Cd-contaminated environment, consumption of Cd contaminated food (vegetables, cereals, pulses and legumes) is the main source of Cd exposure. As Cd does not have any known biological function, and can further cause serious deleterious effects both in plants and mammalian consumers, cycling of Cd within the soil-plant system is of high global relevance.The main source of Cd in soil is that which originates as emissions from various industrial processes. Within soil, Cd occurs in various chemical forms which differ greatly with respect to their lability and phytoavailability. Cadmium has a high phytoaccumulation index because of its low adsorption coefficient and high soil-plant mobility and thereby may enter the food chain. Plant uptake of Cd is believed to occur mainly via roots by specific and non-specific transporters of essential nutrients, as no Cd-specific transporter has yet been identified. Within plants, Cd causes phytotoxicity by decreasing nutrient uptake, inhibiting photosynthesis, plant growth and respiration, inducing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant system and functioning of membranes. Plants tackle Cd toxicity via different defense strategies such as decreased Cd uptake or sequestration into vacuoles. In addition, various antioxidants combat Cd-induced overproduction of ROS. Other mechanisms involve the induction of phytochelatins, glutathione and salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès-Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, 2480, NSW, Australia
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Niazi NK, Burton ED. Arsenic sorption to nanoparticulate mackinawite (FeS): An examination of phosphate competition. Environ Pollut 2016; 218:111-117. [PMID: 27552044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate mackinawite (FeS) can be an important host-phase for arsenic (As) in sulfidic, subsurface environments. Although not previously investigated, phosphate (PO43-) may compete with As for available sorption sites on FeS, thereby enhancing As mobility in FeS-bearing soils, sediments and groundwater systems. In this study, we examine the effect of PO43- on sorption of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) to nanoparticulate FeS at pH 6, 7 and 9. Results show that PO43- (at 0.01-1.0 mM P) did not significantly affect sorption of either As(V) or As(III) to nanoparticulate FeS at initial aqueous As concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mM. At pH 9 and 7, sorption of both As(III) and As(V) to nanoparticulate FeS was similar, with distribution coefficient (Kd) values spanning 0.76-15 L g-1 (which corresponds to removal of 87-98% of initial aqueous As(III) and As(V) concentrations). Conversely, at pH 6, the sorption of As(III) was characterized by substantially higher Kd values (6.3-93.4 L g-1) than those for As(V) (Kd = 0.21-0.96 L g-1). Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy indicated that up to 52% of the added As(V) was reduced to As(III) in As(V) sorption experiments, as well as the formation of minor amounts of an As2S3-like species. In As(III) sorption experiments, XANES spectroscopy also demonstrated the formation of an As2S3-like species and the partial oxidation of As(III) to As(V) (despite the strictly O2-free experimental conditions). Overall, the XANES data indicate that As sorption to nanoparticulate FeS involves several redox transformations and various sorbed species, which display a complex dependency on pH and As loading but that are not influenced by the co-occurrence of PO43-. This study shows that nanoparticulate FeS can help to immobilize As(III) and As(V) in sulfidic subsurface environments where As co-exists with PO43-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
| | - Edward D Burton
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
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Wu W, Li J, Niazi NK, Müller K, Chu Y, Zhang L, Yuan G, Lu K, Song Z, Wang H. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on lead immobilization by chemically modified coconut fiber-derived biochars in aqueous environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:22890-22896. [PMID: 27572693 PMCID: PMC5101285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has received widespread attention as an eco-friendly and efficient material for immobilization of toxic heavy metals in aqueous environments. In the present study, three types of coconut fiber-derived biochars were obtained by pyrolyzing at three temperatures, i.e., 300, 500, and 700 °C. In addition, nine types of biochars were prepared by chemical modification with ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric acid, respectively, which were used to investigate changes in physico-chemical properties by inter alia, Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and BET specific surface area analysis. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to determine the sorption capacity of the biochars for lead (Pb) in aqueous solutions. Results showed that the cation exchange capacity of biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and modified with nitric acid increased threefold compared to the control. Loosely corrugated carbon surface and uneven carbon surface of the biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C were produced during ammonia and nitric acid modifications. Removal rate of Pb by the coconut biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and modified with ammonia was increased from 71.8 to 99.6 % compared to the untreated biochar in aqueous solutions containing 100 mg L-1 Pb. However, chemical modification did not enhance adsorption of Pb of the biochars pyrolyzed at higher temperatures (e.g., 500 or 700 °C), indicating that resistance of biochars to chemical treatment increased with pyrolysis temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Yingchao Chu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong, 523169, China
| | - Kouping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China.
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong, 523169, China.
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Abid M, Niazi NK, Bibi I, Farooqi A, Ok YS, Kunhikrishnan A, Ali F, Ali S, Igalavithana AD, Arshad M. Arsenic(V) biosorption by charred orange peel in aqueous environments. Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:442-449. [PMID: 26552612 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption efficiency of natural orange peel (NOP) and charred orange peel (COP) was examined for the immobilization of arsenate (As(V)) in aqueous environments using batch sorption experiments. Sorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, time, initial As(V) concentration and biosorbent dose, using NOP and COP (pretreated with sulfuric acid). Arsenate sorption was found to be maximum at pH 6.5, with higher As(V) removal percentage (98%) by COP than NOP (68%) at 4 g L(-1) optimum biosorbent dose. Sorption isotherm data exhibited a higher As(V) sorption (60.9 mg g(-1)) for COP than NOP (32.7 mg g(-1)). Langmuir model provided the best fit to describe As(V) sorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the -OH, -COOH, and -N-H surface functional groups were involved in As(V) biosorption and the meso- to micro-porous structure of COP sequestered significantly (2-times) higher As(V) than NOP, respectively. Arsenate desorption from COP was found to be lower (10%) than NOP (26%) up to the third regeneration cycle. The results highlight that this method has a great potential to produce unique 'charred' materials from the widely available biowastes, with enhanced As(V) sorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- b Southern Cross GeoScience , Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW , Australia
| | - Irshad Bibi
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- b Southern Cross GeoScience , Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW , Australia
| | - Abida Farooqi
- c Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- d Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- e Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety , National Academy of Agricultural Science , Wanju-gun , Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Fawad Ali
- f Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- g Department of Environmental Sciences , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana
- d Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Ali F, Kanwal N, Ahsan M, Ali Q, Bibi I, Niazi NK. Multivariate Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Different Maize Hybrids Grown under Heat and Drought Stress. Scientifica (Cairo) 2015; 2015:563869. [PMID: 26798554 PMCID: PMC4699226 DOI: 10.1155/2015/563869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate F1 single cross-maize hybrids in four crop growing seasons (2010-2012). Morphological traits and physiological parameters of twelve maize hybrids were evaluated (i) to construct seed yield equation and (ii) to determine grain yield attributing traits of well-performing maize genotype using a previously unexplored method of two-way hierarchical clustering. In seed yield predicting equation photosynthetic rate contributed the highest variation (46%). Principal component analysis data showed that investigated traits contributed up to 90.55% variation in dependent structure. From factor analysis, we found that factor 1 contributed 49.6% variation (P < 0.05) with primary important traits (i.e., number of leaves per plant, plant height, stem diameter, fresh leaves weight, leaf area, stomata conductance, substomata CO2 absorption rate, and photosynthetic rate). The results of two-way hierarchical clustering demonstrated that Cluster III had outperforming genotype H12 (Sultan × Soneri) along with its most closely related traits (photosynthetic rate, stomata conductance, substomata CO2 absorption rate, chlorophyll contents, leaf area, and fresh stem weight). Our data shows that H12 (Sultan × Soneri) possessed the highest grain yield per plant under environmentally stress conditions, which are most likely to exist in arid and semiarid climatic conditions, such as in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Naila Kanwal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammmad Ahsan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Niazi NK, Singh B, Van Zwieten L, Kachenko AG. Phytoremediation of an arsenic-contaminated site using Pteris vittata L. and Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana: a long-term study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012; 19:3506-3515. [PMID: 22529007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This field study investigated the phytoremediation potential of two arsenic (As) hyperaccumulating fern species, Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana and Pteris vittata over 27-month duration at a disused As-contaminated cattle-dip site located at Wollongbar, NSW, Australia. Ferns planted in January 2009 were harvested following 10, 22 and 27 months of growth. A detailed soil sampling was undertaken in June 2009 (initial, n = 42 per plot) and limited sampling in April 2011 (after 27 months, n = 15 per plot) to measure total and phosphate-extractable As concentrations in soil at 0 - 20-, 20 - 40- and 40 - 60-cm depths. The choice of the limited number of samples was considered sufficient to estimate the changes in soil As concentration following phytoremediation based on a geostatistical model. The average frond dry biomass, As concentration and As uptake were significantly (P < 0.001 - 0.05) greater in P. calomelanos var. austroamericana than P. vittata, at all three harvests (1.6 - 4.3, 1.3 - 1.5 and 2.2 - 5.7 times, respectively). After 27-months of growth, P. calomelanos var. austroamericana removed 8,053 mg As (i.e. cumulative over three harvests) in plot B (25.4 kg As ha(-1)) that was 2.65 times higher than that depleted by P. vittata (3,042 mg As in plot A (9.7 kg As ha(-1))). The cumulative frond As uptake data of the two fern species revealed that P. calomelanos var. austroamericana extracted 1.7 - 3.9 % and P. vittata removed 0.53 - 1.5 % of total As from soil at three depths. However, for the surface (0 - 20 cm) and subsurface (40 - 60 cm) layers, the (post-experiment) soil As data indicated that total As concentration in soil was reduced by 49 and 63 % (P < 0.05), respectively, using P. calomelanos var. austroamericana; and 17 and 15 % (P > 0.05), respectively, by P. vittata. Our results show that phytoremediation time based on observed changes in soil As based on limited sampling is not reliable; hence, it is recommended that the frond As uptake should be considered in order to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiency of the two fern species at the experimental site. Using As uptake of the two fern species, we estimate that with P. calomelanos var. austroamericana it would take 55 - 125 years to decrease mean total As content below the ecological investigation level (20 mg kg(-1)) in the surface and subsurface soils, whereas with P. vittata 143 - 412 years would be required to achieve this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Niazi NK, Singh B, Van Zwieten L, Kachenko AG. Phytoremediation potential of Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana and Pteris vittata L. grown at a highly variable arsenic contaminated site. Int J Phytoremediation 2011; 13:912-932. [PMID: 21972513 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.568023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the phytoextraction potential of two arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators, Pteris vittata L. and Pityrogramma calomelanos var. austroamericana at a historical As-contaminated cattle dip site in northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Total As concentration in the surface soil (0-20 cm) showed a better spatial structure than phosphate-extractable As in the surface and sub-surface soil at this site. P. calomelanos var. austroamericana produced greater frond dry biomass (mean = 130 g plant(-1)) than P. vittata (mean = 81 g plant(-1)) after 10 months of growth. Arsenic concentration and uptake in fronds were also significantly higher in P. calomelanos var. austroamericana (means = 887 mg kg(-1) and 124 mg plant(-1)) than in P. vittata (means = 674 mg kg(-1) and 57 mg plant(-1)). Our results showed that under the field conditions and highly variable soil As at the site, P. calomelanos var. austroamericana performed better than P. vittata. We predict that P. calomelanos var. austroamericana would take approximately 100 years to reduce the total As to below 20 mg kg(-1) at the site compared to > or =200 years estimated for P. vittata. However, long-term data are required to confirm these observations under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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