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Ferguson A, Vogel I. CV.The calculation of the equivalent conductivity of strong electrolytes at infinite dilution. Part I.—Aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14786442508628541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dasgupta N, Watson M, Fleming T, Trinkaus K, Ferguson A, Aft R. TWIST1 and PITX2 expression in bone marrow of women with clinical stage II/III breast cancer identifies patients at risk for the development of early metastatic disease. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #108
Background: The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer has been associated with increased risk of recurrent disease development. We have previously described a 67-gene signature associated with the presence of DTCs using gene array analysis after immunomagnetic enrichment of these cells and found that the expression of one of the 67-genes in bone marrow of breast cancer patients, TWIST1, correlated with the development of early recurrent disease. We have now tested the remaining genes in the 67-gene signature for correlation with the development of recurrent disease. Our goal is to identify genes associated with DTCs with high metastatic potential for early detection and intervention.
 Methods: Expression of each of the 67 genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR in a breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA/MB 231) diluted into normal human bone marrow at varying concentrations. Levels of expression in the breast cancer cells and in human bone marrow were quantitated. Genes with high expression in breast cancer cell lines and no observed expression in normal human bone marrow were further tested by qRT-PCR for expression in a validation set of bone marrows comprised of 50 specimens collected from 30 patients with clinical stage II/III breast cancer prior to any treatment. Thirteen of these patients developed recurrent disease within 16 months.
 Results: Within the 67 gene signature, 5 genes were identified that were highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines and had no detectable expression in normal human bone marrow. Expression of the 5 genes as well as keratin 19 were examined in the validation set of bone marrows. PITX2 was expressed in the bone marrow of 5 of the 13 patients who recurred within one year. Only expression of TWIST1 and PITX2 were found to correlate with the time to development of early recurrent disease (p <0.0001 and 0.0002 respectively).
 Conclusion: We have found that the expression of TWIST1 and PITX2 in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients prior to any treatment identifies patients at risk of early distant disease recurrence. These genes are not expressed in normal human bone marrow. Both are transcription factors involved in the embryonic development and appear to be expressed by DTCs with high metastatic potential. Expression of TWIST1 and PITX2 may prove to be excellent markers for identifying women at high risk for distant relapse and lead to new targets for chemotherapeutic intervention.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 108.
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Chaudhry V, Cornblath DR, Polydefkis M, Ferguson A, Borrello I. Characteristics of bortezomib- and thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008; 13:275-82. [PMID: 19192067 PMCID: PMC3741683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2008.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy (PN) is frequently reported with the use of thalidomide and bortezomib, novel proteasome inhibitors. While these two agents have significant activity in multiple myeloma (MM), the combination and the associated PN have not been fully examined in untreated patients. The objective of this study was to report the baseline prevalence and occurrence of PN in newly diagnosed MM patients treated with bortezomib and thalidomide. Twenty-seven patients (11 men and 16 women) with previously untreated MM were prospectively monitored for PN. Total neuropathy score reduced (TNSr) was calculated at baseline and after every two cycles of bortezomib treatment. The median cumulative dose of bortezomib was 35.6 mg/m(2) (median 8 cycles) and of thalidomide was 16.8 g. Only three subjects showed mild PN at baseline (whole group median TNSr 0). At the end of treatment, PN developed in 26 patients (median TNSr 8). PN was of mild to moderate severity (TNSr grade 1 = 11, grade 2 = 10, grade 3 = 5, and grade 4 = 0). Nerve conduction studies showed axonal physiology in all except three subjects in whom demyelinating physiology was noted. The median TNSr was 17 in the demyelinating group and 9 in the axonal group. There was no significant correlation of TNSr with cumulative bortezomib or thalidomide dose. At follow-up, 80% of patients had become asymptomatic after discontinuation of the chemotherapy. We conclude that bortezomib and thalidomide combination chemotherapy induces a reversible length-dependent sensory>motor, predominantly axonal, large-fiber>small-fiber polyneuropathy. In a subset, a more severe demyelinating polyneuropathy may develop.
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Schier L, Davidson T, Ferguson A, Walls E, Swithers S. Food viscosity influences core temperature in rats. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sabisch T, Ferguson A, Bolouri H. Identification of complex shapes using a self organizing neural system. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS 2008; 11:921-34. [PMID: 18249819 DOI: 10.1109/72.857772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a multilayer hierarchical neural system for automatic classification of complex contour patterns. The system consists of a neocognitron-like network structure combined with self-organizing maps to automatically determine feature classes. We present results showing that multilayer hierarchical networks are able to tolerate pattern distortion considerably better than standard neural network implementations.
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Garcia de Leaniz C, Fleming IA, Einum S, Verspoor E, Jordan WC, Consuegra S, Aubin-Horth N, Lajus D, Letcher BH, Youngson AF, Webb JH, Vøllestad LA, Villanueva B, Ferguson A, Quinn TP. A critical review of adaptive genetic variation in Atlantic salmon: implications for conservation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2007; 82:173-211. [PMID: 17437557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2006.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we critically review the scale and extent of adaptive genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), an important model system in evolutionary and conservation biology that provides fundamental insights into population persistence, adaptive response and the effects of anthropogenic change. We consider the process of adaptation as the end product of natural selection, one that can best be viewed as the degree of matching between phenotype and environment. We recognise three potential sources of adaptive variation: heritable variation in phenotypic traits related to fitness, variation at the molecular level in genes influenced by selection, and variation in the way genes interact with the environment to produce phenotypes of varying plasticity. Of all phenotypic traits examined, variation in body size (or in correlated characters such as growth rates, age of seaward migration or age at sexual maturity) generally shows the highest heritability, as well as a strong effect on fitness. Thus, body size in Atlantic salmon tends to be positively correlated with freshwater and marine survival, as well as with fecundity, egg size, reproductive success, and offspring survival. By contrast, the fitness implications of variation in behavioural traits such as aggression, sheltering behaviour, or timing of migration are largely unknown. The adaptive significance of molecular variation in salmonids is also scant and largely circumstantial, despite extensive molecular screening on these species. Adaptive variation can result in local adaptations (LA) when, among other necessary conditions, populations live in patchy environments, exchange few or no migrants, and are subjected to differential selective pressures. Evidence for LA in Atlantic salmon is indirect and comes mostly from ecological correlates in fitness-related traits, the failure of many translocations, the poor performance of domesticated stocks, results of a few common-garden experiments (where different populations were raised in a common environment in an attempt to dissociate heritable from environmentally induced phenotypic variation), and the pattern of inherited resistance to some parasites and diseases. Genotype x environment interactions occurr for many fitness traits, suggesting that LA might be important. However, the scale and extent of adaptive variation remains poorly understood and probably varies, depending on habitat heterogeneity, environmental stability and the relative roles of selection and drift. As maladaptation often results from phenotype-environment mismatch, we argue that acting as if populations are not locally adapted carries a much greater risk of mismanagement than acting under the assumption for local adaptations when there are none. As such, an evolutionary approach to salmon conservation is required, aimed at maintaining the conditions necessary for natural selection to operate most efficiently and unhindered. This may require minimising alterations to native genotypes and habitats to which populations have likely become adapted, but also allowing for population size to reach or extend beyond carrying capacity to encourage competition and other sources of natural mortality.
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Ross H, Higginson LA, Ferguson A, O’Neill BJ, Kells CM, Cox JL, Sholdice MM. Too many patients, too few cardiologists to care? Can J Cardiol 2006; 22:901-2. [PMID: 17016884 PMCID: PMC2570243 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(06)70308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Schwandt M, Morris C, Ferguson A, Ngugi E, Moses S. Anal and dry sex in commercial sex work, and relation to risk for sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Meru, Kenya. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82:392-6. [PMID: 16790563 PMCID: PMC2563859 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2006.019794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the practices of anal intercourse and dry sex within a cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) in Kenya, focusing on the prevalence and perceived risk of the practices, demographic and behavioural correlates, and association with sexually transmitted infections (STI). METHODS A survey was conducted among FSWs in Meru, Kenya, with 147 participants randomly sampled from an existing cohort of self identified FSWs. RESULTS 40.8% of participants reported ever practising anal intercourse and 36.1% reported ever practising dry sex. Although the majority of women surveyed believed anal intercourse and dry sex to be high risk practices for HIV infection compared with vaginal sex, about one third of women reported never or rarely using condoms during anal intercourse, and about 20% never or rarely using condoms during dry sex. Reported consistent condom use was lower with both of these practices than with penile-vaginal intercourse. Anal intercourse was associated with experience of recent forced sexual intercourse, while dry sex was not. Anal intercourse was almost always initiated by clients, whereas dry sex was likely to be initiated by the women themselves. Sex workers reported charging higher fees for both practices than for vaginal intercourse. Both practices were associated with reported symptoms and diagnoses of STI. CONCLUSIONS Both anal intercourse and dry sex were common in this sample, and although perceived as high risk practices, were not adequately protected with condom use. Education and other interventions regarding these high risk sexual behaviours need to be translated into safer practices, particularly consistent condom use, even in the face of financial vulnerability.
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Ferguson A, Walls E, Mak J, Swithers S, Davidson T. WITHDRAWN: Food viscosity as a determinant of caloric compensation and utilization. Appetite 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Audo MO, Ferguson A, Njoroge PK. Quality of health care and its effects in the utilisation of maternal and child health services in Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 82:547-53. [PMID: 16463747 DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v82i11.9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of care provided by the Kisumu Municipal health facilities, with special reference to Maternal and Child health services (MCH). DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey. SETTING Kisumu Municipal Health facilities. SUBJECTS Four hundred and eighty two mothers were interviewed in a household survey. RESULTS A total of 482 mothers were interviewed in the household survey. Out of these, only 40.4%, 53.7% and 45.7% had respectively used Municipal facilities for antenatal services (ANC), immunisation and treatment of their children the last time they required such a service. This translates to by-pass rates for Municipal health facilities of 59.5%, 46.3% and 54.3% respectively for the three services. By-pass was higher for the more central urban catchment areas than the more peripheral ones, a finding that was associated with the socio-economic status of the respondents and the relative location of the municipal facilities vis-a-vis competing facilities, mainly the District and Provincial hospitals. The main reasons cited for by-pass were poor care (21%), lack of drugs and supplies (17%) and lack of/poor laboratory services (12%). From the facility audit, most of the clinics had a reasonable capacity to offer basic health care with only three scoring less than 50% in the scale used. The worst areas were in availability of drugs, equipment and management issues. There was a strong relationship between the perceived quality of care and utilisation of MCH services as well as by-pass. The capacity of the facilities to offer care was however not associated with utilisation of MCH services or by-pass. CONCLUSION There is under-utilisation of Municipal health facilities for MCH services. This is related to the perceived poor quality of care in the facilities. Perception of quality is influenced by a person's socio-economic status especially education.
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Becker A, Ferguson A, Watson W, Ward H, Chan-Yeung M. Outcome at 7 years of intervention measures on the primary prevention of asthma in high-risk children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Coyle MG, Ferguson A, Lagasse L, Liu J, Lester B. Neurobehavioral effects of treatment for opiate withdrawal. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2005; 90:F73-4. [PMID: 15613582 PMCID: PMC1721824 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2003.046276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A partially randomised, controlled trial was performed to test the hypothesis that opiate exposed infants treated with diluted tincture of opium (DTO) and phenobarbital would have better neurobehavioral scores than infants treated with DTO alone. Compared with those treated with DTO alone (n = 15), infants treated with DTO and phenobarbital (n = 17) were more interactive, had smoother movements, were easier to handle, and less stressed. Dual treatment results in improved neurobehavioral organisation during the first three weeks of life, which may indicate a more rapid recovery from opiate withdrawal.
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Ferguson A, Pere M, Morris C, Ngugi E, Moses S. Sexual patterning and condom use among a group of HIV vulnerable men in Thika, Kenya. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80:435-9. [PMID: 15572609 PMCID: PMC1744931 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2004.010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A composite sample of 37 peer educators and 215 members of self help groups of male informal sector workers in Thika, Kenya, targeting HIV/AIDS prevention, were interviewed about their sexual behaviour, using a customised template, as part of a broader survey on gender attitudes and peer pressure. METHOD Details on each sexual partner reported by each man over a 12 month recall period included type of partner, months during which sexual relations took place, and condom use. RESULTS The men reported 471 sexual partners over the recall period, with a range of 0-16 partners, and an average of just under two partners. 8% of men had had no sexual partner, half were monogamous, and 3% had multiple partners with whom they used condoms exclusively, leaving 39% at varying degrees of risk. Condom use increased significantly with reduced intimacy of partner. 16% of men reported having at least one liaison with a female sex worker and two thirds of such liaisons were exclusively protected by condom use. Younger, single men had significantly more partners, but were more likely to use condoms. Duration of membership in self help groups was strongly associated with exclusive use of condoms with casual or FSW partners. Recorded attitudes corresponded somewhat with practice, but the data showed large gaps between the two, and low levels of gender sensitivity. CONCLUSION There is some evidence that group membership has resulted in increased condom use and partner reduction, but there are doubts as to the extent to which the "ABC" strategy can be successful in stemming the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It may be necessary for interventions to target contextual issues, particularly gender relations, if the approach is to be more successful.
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Stone CE, Taggarti JB, Ferguson A. Single Locus Minisatellite DNA Variation in European Populations of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.). Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1997.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ferguson A. The History of Anesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeg592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ardavan A, Austwick M, Benjamin SC, Briggs GAD, Dennis TJS, Ferguson A, Hasko DG, Kanai M, Khlobystov AN, Lovett BW, Morley GW, Oliver RA, Pettifor DG, Porfyrakis K, Reina JH, Rice JH, Smith JD, Taylor RA, Williams DA, Adelmann C, Mariette H, Hamers RJ. Nanoscale solid-state quantum computing. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2003; 361:1473-1485. [PMID: 12869322 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2003.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most experts agree that it is too early to say how quantum computers will eventually be built, and several nanoscale solid-state schemes are being implemented in a range of materials. Nanofabricated quantum dots can be made in designer configurations, with established technology for controlling interactions and for reading out results. Epitaxial quantum dots can be grown in vertical arrays in semiconductors, and ultrafast optical techniques are available for controlling and measuring their excitations. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used for molecular self-assembly of endohedral fullerenes, which can embody quantum information in the electron spin. The challenges of individual addressing in such tiny structures could rapidly become intractable with increasing numbers of qubits, but these schemes are amenable to global addressing methods for computation.
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Ray S, Som SC, Adedji EA, Williams GT, Ferguson A. Ovarian and tubal inguinal hernia--an unusual presentation. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003; 23:323-4. [PMID: 12918500 DOI: 10.1080/01443610310000106037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ferguson A, Vogel I. On the "hyperbola" method for the measurement of surface tensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-7814/38/1/324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stockbrügger RW, Schoon EJ, Bollani S, Mills PR, Israeli E, Landgraf L, Felsenberg D, Ljunghall S, Nygard G, Persson T, Graffner H, Bianchi Porro G, Ferguson A. Discordance between the degree of osteopenia and the prevalence of spontaneous vertebral fractures in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16:1519-27. [PMID: 12182752 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of osteoporosis has been noted in Crohn's disease, but data about fractures are scarce. METHODS The relationship between low bone mineral density and the prevalence of vertebral fractures was studied in 271 patients with ileo-caecal Crohn's disease in a large European/Israeli study. One hundred and eighty-one currently steroid-free patients with active Crohn's disease (98 completely steroid-naive) and 90 steroid-dependent patients with inactive or quiescent Crohn's disease were investigated by dual X-ray absorptiometry scan of the lumbar spine, a standardized posterior/anterior and lateral X-ray of the thoracic and lumbar spine, and an assessment of potential risk factors for osteoporosis. RESULTS Thirty-nine asymptomatic fractures were seen in 25 of 179 steroid-free patients (14.0%; 27 wedge, 12 concavity), and 17 fractures were seen in 13 of 89 steroid-dependent patients (14.6%; 14 wedge, three concavity). The prevalence of fractures in steroid-naive patients was 12.4%. The average bone mineral density, expressed as the T-score, of patients with fractures was not significantly different from that of those without fractures (-0.759 vs. -0.837; P=0.73); 55% of patients with fractures had a normal T-score. The bone mineral density was negatively correlated with lifetime steroids, but not with previous bowel resection or current disease activity. The fracture rate was not correlated with the bone mineral density (P=0.73) or lifetime steroid dose (P=0.83); in women, but not in men, the fracture rate was correlated with age (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS The lack of correlation between the prevalence of fractures on the one hand and the bone mineral density and lifetime steroid dose on the other necessitates new hypotheses for the pathogenesis of the former.
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Ferguson A, Singh J. Total exudative detachment as a first presentation of von Hippel Lindau disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86:701-2. [PMID: 12034696 PMCID: PMC1771152 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.86.6.701-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ferguson A. The sweetheart of the PSC--Mabel Heath Palmer: the early years. CHIROPRACTIC HISTORY : THE ARCHIVES AND JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF CHIROPRACTIC 2001; 4:25-8. [PMID: 11611591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Tarlo SM, Broder I, Corey P, Chan-Yeung M, Ferguson A, Becker A, Rogers C, Okada M, Manfreda J. The role of symptomatic colds in asthma exacerbations: Influence of outdoor allergens and air pollutants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:52-8. [PMID: 11447382 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both air pollutants and respiratory viral infections have been recognized to be important triggers of asthma exacerbations, but the possible interaction of these has not been assessed in an epidemiologic study. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to assess the possible associations of symptomatic colds with outdoor allergens and air pollutants in exacerbating asthma. METHODS A total of 57 adults and children with asthma participated in a 1-year study in Vancouver, British Columbia. Diary cards recording symptoms of asthma and colds, medication usage, and peak expiratory flow rates were completed twice daily. Outdoor air pollutant levels and levels of pollen and fungal spores were measured. Levels were examined for associations with exacerbations of asthma with symptoms of a cold, as compared with asthma exacerbations with no cold symptoms and colds in the absence of asthma exacerbations. RESULTS Of 130 asthma exacerbations, 47% were associated with cold symptoms (accounting for 44% of episodes of colds). Asthma exacerbations with colds were associated with higher levels of sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxide during March to November in comparison with asthma exacerbations without cold symptoms (P <.018). Cold-symptom days overall were more common in winter and were significantly associated with lower temperatures, lower ozone levels, and higher sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide (NO and NO(x)), and carbon monoxide levels. CONCLUSIONS Asthma exacerbations are commonly associated with cold symptoms. These episodes are associated with higher levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from March to November in comparison with asthma exacerbations without cold symptoms.
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Colombel JF, Rutgeerts P, Malchow H, Jacyna M, Nielsen OH, Rask-Madsen J, Van Deventer S, Ferguson A, Desreumaux P, Forbes A, Geboes K, Melani L, Cohard M. Interleukin 10 (Tenovil) in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gut 2001; 49:42-6. [PMID: 11413109 PMCID: PMC1728363 DOI: 10.1136/gut.49.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS New lesions of Crohn's disease occur early after ileal or ileocolonic resection and ileocolonic anastomosis. We performed a double blind controlled trial to evaluate the safety and tolerance of recombinant human interleukin 10 (IL-10; Tenovil) in subjects operated on for Crohn's disease. We also assessed the effect of Tenovil in preventing endoscopic recurrence 12 weeks after surgery. METHODS Patients with Crohn's disease who underwent curative ileal or ileocolonic resection and primary anastomosis were randomised within two weeks after surgery to receive subcutaneous Tenovil 4 microg/kg once daily (QD) (n=22) or 8 microg/kg twice weekly (TIW) (n=21), or placebo (QD or TIW) (n=22). An ileocolonoscopy was performed after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Compliance was excellent. The most frequently observed adverse events were mild and moderate in severity and equally distributed across treatment groups. Thirty seven patients in the pooled Tenovil group and 21 patients in the pooled placebo group were evaluable by endoscopy. At 12 weeks, 11 of 21 patients (52%) in the placebo group had recurrent lesions compared with 17 of 37 patients (46%) in the Tenovil group (ns). The incidence of severe endoscopic recurrence was similar in both groups (9%). CONCLUSION Tenovil treatment for 12 consecutive weeks in patients with Crohn's disease after intestinal resection was safe and well tolerated. No evidence of prevention of endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease by Tenovil was observed.
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Haas M, Chapman S, Viney R, Hall J, Ferguson A. The news on health care funding: a study of reporting in the Australian print media for 1996. J Health Serv Res Policy 2001; 6:78-84. [PMID: 11357248 DOI: 10.1258/1355819011927260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the coverage of health care funding and resourcing issues in the quality printed media in Australia. METHODS Content analysis of all articles in six major print publications with detailed commentary on four major issues. RESULTS One thousand one hundred and fifty articles were published over 12 months, most in the front three pages. Coverage of many issues was prompted by an event, such as an election, government budget or policy announcement. Although issues were rarely personalized, the use of an individual authoritative spokesperson was, with some individuals becoming well recognised as experts. In general, these experts represented vested interest or lobby groups. The media discussion rarely dealt with the system as a whole, and generally approached a topic or issue in isolation from its inter-relationships with other issues. CONCLUSION Health care funding stories are newsworthy but more for their political interest than as reflection of a social debate about values. Media reports rarely deal with the complexity of health policy issues, or challenge the assumptions and positions put forward.
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Umbricht CB, Evron E, Gabrielson E, Ferguson A, Marks J, Sukumar S. Hypermethylation of 14-3-3 sigma (stratifin) is an early event in breast cancer. Oncogene 2001; 20:3348-53. [PMID: 11423985 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2000] [Revised: 02/14/2001] [Accepted: 03/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have identified 14-3-3 sigma (sigma) as a gene whose expression is lost in breast carcinomas, primarily by methylation-mediated silencing. In this report, we investigated the timing of loss of sigma gene expression during breast tumorigenesis in vivo. We analysed the methylation status of sigma in breast cancer precursor lesions using microdissection for selective tissue sampling. We found hypermethylation of sigma in 24 of 25 carcinomas (96%), 15 of 18 (83%) of ductal carcinoma in situ, and three of eight (38%) of atypical hyperplasias. None of the five hyperplasias without atypia showed sigma-hypermethylation. Unexpectedly, patients with breast cancer showed sigma hypermethylation in adjacent histologically normal breast epithelium, while this was never observed in individuals without evidence of breast cancer. Also, samples of periductal stromal breast tissue were consistently hypermethylated, underscoring the importance of selective tissue sampling for accurate assessment of 14-3-3-sigma methylation in breast epithelium. These results suggest that hypermethylation of 14-3-3-sigma occurs at an early stage in the progression to invasive breast cancer, and may occur in apparently normal epithelium adjacent to breast cancer. These results provide evidence that loss of expression of sigma is an early event in neoplastic transformation.
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MESH Headings
- 14-3-3 Proteins
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- CpG Islands
- DNA/blood
- DNA/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Exonucleases
- Exoribonucleases
- Female
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Proteins/genetics
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
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