101
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Nechev LV, Kozekov ID, Brock AK, Rizzo CJ, Harris TM. DNA adducts of acrolein: site-specific synthesis of an oligodeoxynucleotide containing 6-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one, an acrolein adduct of guanine. Chem Res Toxicol 2002; 15:607-13. [PMID: 12018980 DOI: 10.1021/tx010181y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one is formed in low yield by the reaction of acrolein with 2'-deoxyguanosine. The nucleoside and an oligodeoxynucleotide containing it have been synthesized. For preparation of the nucleoside 2'-deoxyguanosine was alkylated at the N1 position using 1-bromo-3-butene to give 1-(3-butenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine. Oxidation with OsO(4) and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide to give the 3,4-dihydroxybutyl adduct followed by oxidation with NaIO(4) gave the 1-(3-oxopropyl) adduct which cyclized spontaneously to yield the title compound as a rapidly epimerizing mixture of two diastereomers. Reduction of the nucleoside with NaBH(4) gave the unfunctionalized compound plus 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine showing that epimerization was occurring via both the imine and the 1-(3-oxopropyl) adduct. Reduction with NaCNBH(3) gave exclusively unfunctionalized 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one. The phosphoramidite reagent needed for preparation of oligonucleotides was prepared from 1-(3-butenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine by glycolation after protection of the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups as silyl derivatives. Acetylation of the vicinal hydroxyl groups and the exocyclic amino group followed by removal of silyl protection gave the protected nucleoside. Protection of the 5' hydroxyl group as the 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl ether followed by phosphitylation with 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite gave the prosphoramidite reagent which was used to prepare a 12-mer oligodeoxynucleotide.
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102
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Breslow R, Rizzo CJ. Chaotropic salt effects in a hydrophobically accelerated Diels-Alder reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00011a052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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103
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Rizzo CJ. Salt effects on a hydrophobically accelerated Diels-Alder reaction follow the Hofmeister series. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00050a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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104
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Abstract
A model flavin possessing a specific hydrogen bond to the N1-position has been synthesized. The redox potential has been measured in aqueous buffer and found to be shifted +21 mV as compared to a similar flavin lacking this hydrogen bond. The reaction of the N1-hydrogen-bonding model with sulfite and 1-benzyl-dihydronicotinamide were examined and compared with the non-hydrogen-bonded flavin. The N1-hydrogen bond did not accelerate the rate of sulfite ion or hydride addition to N5, however the N5-sulfite complex was stabilized by nearly 4-fold over a non-hydrogen-bonding model. The model flavins were also studied computationally.
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105
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Wang H, Rizzo CJ. Stereocontrolled Syntheses of All Four Stereoisomeric 1, N2-Deoxyguanosine Adducts of the Lipid Peroxidation Product trans-4-Hydroxynonenal. Org Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ol0171416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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106
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Bukhtiyarova M, Rizzo CJ, Kettner CA, Korant BD, Scarnati HT, King RW. Inhibition of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus NS3 serine protease by a boron-modified peptidyl mimetic of its natural substrate. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001; 12:367-73. [PMID: 12018682 DOI: 10.1177/095632020101200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV), and has been used as a surrogate virus in drug development for HCV infection. Similar to HCV, BVDV-encoded NS3 serine proteinase is responsible for multiple cleavages in the viral polyprotein, generating mature NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B proteins. NS3-dependent cleavage sites of BVDV contain a strictly conserved leucine at P1, and either serine or alanine at P1'. The full length BVDV NS3/4A serine protease has been cloned and expressed in bacterial cells. The enzyme has been purified from the soluble portion of Escherichia coli via a two-step purification procedure employing chromatography on heparin resin and gel filtration. The protease activity was characterized using in vitro translated BVDV NS4A/B and NS5A/B polyprotein substrates. A boronic acid analogue of the BVDV NS4A/NS4B cleavage site was synthesized and shown to be an efficient inhibitor of the NS3 serine protease in vitro. The compound, designated DPC-AB9144-00, inhibited approximately 75% of the NS3/4 activity at 10 microM with the NS4A/B substrate. However, no antiviral activity was detected with DPC-AB9144-00 in BVDV-infected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells at concentrations as great as 90 pM, suggesting permeability or that other cellular-derived limitations were present.
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107
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Wang H, Rizzo CJ. Stereocontrolled syntheses of all four stereoisomeric 1,N2-deoxyguanosine adducts of the lipid peroxidation product trans-4-hydroxynonenal. Org Lett 2001; 3:3603-5. [PMID: 11678719 DOI: 10.1021/ol016810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. trans-4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a unique product from the peroxidation of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major reaction of racemic 4-HNE with DNA is with deoxyguanosine to give four stereoisomeric exocyclic propano adducts. The stereospecific syntheses of these four adducts has been achieved at the nucleoside level. The synthetic approach is amenable to the synthesis of structurally defined oligonucleotides containing these endogenous genotoxins.
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108
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Abstract
The optimized geometry of 1,5-dihydrolumiflavin has been calculated using density functional theory (DFT). Reduced lumiflavin was found to be bent along the N5-N10 axis, 25 degrees from planarity, which is nearly the same as previously reported restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations, which predict a bending angle of 27 degrees. The major difference in the DFT calculation is that the N10 methyl group adopts a more pseudoequatorial disposition and is only bent 13 degrees above the plane of the isoalloxazine ring system as opposed to 59 degrees in the RHF calculations. These computational results are compared with x-ray crystal structures of flavin models and flavoproteins. DFT calculation of 1,5-dihydroisoalloxazine resulted in a more modestly bent geometry of 17 degrees. This indicates that both electronic and steric interactions of the N10 methyl group of reduced lumiflavin contribute to the bent geometry.
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109
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Kuhelj R, Rizzo CJ, Chang CH, Jadhav PK, Towler EM, Korant BD. Inhibition of human endogenous retrovirus-K10 protease in cell-free and cell-based assays. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:16674-82. [PMID: 11278433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008763200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length and C-terminally truncated version of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K10 protease were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Both versions of the protease efficiently processed HERV-K10 Gag polyprotein substrate. HERV-K10 Gag was also cleaved by human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) protease, although at different sites. To identify compounds that could inhibit protein processing dependent on the HERV-K10 protease, a series of cyclic ureas that had previously been shown to inhibit HIV-1 protease was tested. Several symmetric bisamides acted as very potent inhibitors of both the truncated and full-length form of HERV-K10 protease, in subnanomolar or nanomolar range, respectively. One of the cyclic ureas, SD146, can inhibit the processing of in vitro translated HERV-K10 Gag polyprotein substrate by HERV-K10 protease. In addition, in virus-like particles isolated from the teratocarcinoma cell line NCCIT, there is significant accumulation of Gag and Gag-Pol precursors upon treatment with SD146, suggesting the compound efficiently blocks HERV-K Gag processing in cells. This is the first report of an inhibitor able to block cell-associated processing of Gag polypeptides of an endogenous retrovirus.
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110
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Wang F, Wang H, Polavarapu PL, Rizzo CJ. Absolute Configuration and Conformational Stability of (+)-2,5-Dimethylthiolane and (−)-2,5-Dimethylsulfolane. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3507-12. [PMID: 11348137 DOI: 10.1021/jo0100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure (+)-2,5-dimethylthiolane and (-)-2,5-dimethylsulfolane were prepared using literature procedures and investigated using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Experimental absorption and VCD spectra of (+)-2,5-dimethylthiolane and (-)-2,5-dimethylsulfolane in CCl(4) solution in the 2000-900 cm(-)(1) region were compared with the ab initio predictions of absorption and VCD spectra obtained with density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-311G(2d, 2p) basis set for different conformers of (2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylthiolane and (2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylsulfolane. This comparison indicates that (+)-2,5-dimethylthiolane is of the (2R,5R)-configuration and has two predominant conformations in CCl(4) solution. In addition, (-)-2,5-dimethylsulfolane is of (2R,5R)-configuration and has only one predominant conformation. The stereochemical assignment is in agreement with literature.
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111
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Drabowicz J, Dudziński B, Mikołajczyk M, Wang F, Dehlavi A, Goring J, Park M, Rizzo CJ, Polavarapu PL, Biscarini P, Wieczorek MW, Majzner WR. Absolute configuration, predominant conformations, and vibrational circular dichroism spectra of enantiomers of n-butyl tert-butyl sulfoxide. J Org Chem 2001; 66:1122-9. [PMID: 11312938 DOI: 10.1021/jo0011179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of the alpha-carbanion of (R)-(-)-tert-butyl methyl sulfoxide (4) with n-propyl bromide afforded (+)-n-butyl tert-butyl sulfoxide (1) to which the absolute configuration (R) was ascribed. This assignment was confirmed by X-ray analysis of the complex 6 obtained from the enantiomerically pure sulfoxide (-)-1 and mercury chloride. Vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra of (+)-1 were measured in CDCl3 solution in the 2000-900 cm(-1) region and compared with the ab initio predictions of absorption and VCD spectra obtained with density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G basis set for different conformers of (R)-1. This comparison indicated also that (+)-1 is of the (R)-configuration.
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112
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Abstract
[structure: see text] The C8-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimadazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ) has been synthesized. The key step is a palladium-catalyzed N-arylation of a suitably protected 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine derivative.
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113
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Wang Z, Prudhomme DR, Buck JR, Park M, Rizzo CJ. Stereocontrolled syntheses of deoxyribonucleosides via photoinduced electron-transfer deoxygenation of benzoyl-protected ribo- and arabinonucleosides. J Org Chem 2000; 65:5969-85. [PMID: 10987930 DOI: 10.1021/jo0003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereocontrolled, de novo syntheses of beta-2'-deoxy-, alpha-2'-deoxy-, beta-3'-deoxy-, and beta-2', 3'-dideoxyribonucleosides are described. Strategically protected ribose, arabinose, and xylose glycosylation precursors were synthesized bearing C2-esters capable of directing Vorbrüggen glycosylation. The key step is the regioselective deoxygenation of the desired hydroxyl group as either the benzoyl- or 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl derivative. This deoxygenation is accomplished via a photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) mechanism using carbazole derivatives as the photosensitizer. The syntheses of the desired deoxynucleoside generally proceed in three steps from a common, readily available precursor.
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114
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Reibenspies JH, Guo F, Rizzo CJ. X-ray crystal structures of conformationally biased flavin models. Org Lett 2000; 2:903-6. [PMID: 10768182 DOI: 10.1021/ol005539g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystal structures of the oxidized form of three conformationally biased flavin models are reported. Models 4 and 5 show significant distortion, which contributes to their bias for the fully reduced form.
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115
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Korant BD, Strack P, Frey MW, Rizzo CJ. A cellular anti-apoptosis protein is cleaved by the HIV-1 protease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1998; 436:27-9. [PMID: 9561195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5373-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of non-viral proteins is rarely observed with the HIV-1 protease (HIV pr). One such cleavage event occurs with bcl-2, an important cytoprotective protein. The loss of bcl-2 has biological consequences, leading to enhanced HIV replication and programmed death of the host cell. A strategy is proposed to suppress HIV with non-cleavable mutants of bcl-2.
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116
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Hasford JJ, Rizzo CJ. Linear Free Energy Substituent Effect on Flavin Redox Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972992n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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117
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Prudhomme DR, Wang Z, Rizzo CJ. An Improved Photosensitizer for the Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Deoxygenation of Benzoates and m-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoates. J Org Chem 1997; 62:8257-8260. [PMID: 11671949 DOI: 10.1021/jo971332y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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118
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119
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Korant BD, Rizzo CJ. The HIV protease and therapies for AIDS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1997; 421:279-84. [PMID: 9330709 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
New, potent therapies for HIV disease are available, based on synthetic inhibitors of the viral protease, an essential viral enzyme. The results in clinical trials have been impressive with most treated individuals benefiting in terms of reduced quantity of detectable virus, enhanced numbers of CD4 lymphocytes and improvements in quality and duration of life. However, there are some remaining negatives associated with the new drugs, including high cost, side effects and appearance of drug-resistant strains of HIV. Problems and future prospects for use of protease inhibitors and alternate approaches in AIDS are discussed.
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120
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121
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Ala PJ, Huston EE, Klabe RM, McCabe DD, Duke JL, Rizzo CJ, Korant BD, DeLoskey RJ, Lam PY, Hodge CN, Chang CH. Molecular basis of HIV-1 protease drug resistance: structural analysis of mutant proteases complexed with cyclic urea inhibitors. Biochemistry 1997; 36:1573-80. [PMID: 9048541 DOI: 10.1021/bi962234u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In cell cultures, the key residues associated with HIV-1 resistance to cyclic urea-based HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitors are Val82 and Ile84 of HIV-1 PR. To gain an understanding of how these two residues modulate inhibitor binding, we have measured the Ki values of three recombinant mutant proteases, I84V, V82F, and V82F/I84V, for DMP323 and DMP450, and determined the three-dimensional structures of their complexes to 2.1-1.9 A resolution with R factors of 18.7-19.6%. The Ki values of these mutants increased by 25-, 0.5-, and 1000-fold compared to the wild-type values of 0.8 and 0.4 nM for DMP323 and DMP450, respectively. The wild-type and mutant complexes overall are very similar (rms deviations of 0.2-0.3 A) except for differences in the patterns of their van der Waals (vdw) interactions, which appear to modulate the Ki values of the mutants. The loss of the CD1 atom of Ile84, in the I84V mutant complexes, creates a hole in the S1 subsite, reducing the number of vdw contacts and increasing the Ki values. The V82F mutant binds DMP323 more tightly than wild type because the side chain of Phe82 forms additional vdw and edge-to-face interactions with the P1 group of DMP323. The Ki values of the single mutants are not additive because the side chain of Phe82 rotates out of the S1 subsite in the double mutant (the chi 1 angles of Phe82 and -182 in the V82F and V82F/I84V mutants differ by 90 and 185 degrees, respectively), further reducing the vdw interactions. Finally, compensatory shifts in the I84V and V82F/ I84V complexes pick up a small number of new contacts, but too few to offset the initial loss of interactions caused by the mutations. Therefore, our data suggest that variants persist in the presence of DMP323 and DMP450 because of a decrease in vdw interactions between the mutant proteases and inhibitors.
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122
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Brown SA, Rizzo CJ. A “One-Pot” Phase Transfer Alkylation/Hydrolysis ofo-Nitrotrifluoroacetanilides. A Convenient Route toN-ALKYLo-Phenylenediamines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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123
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Park M, Rizzo CJ. Stereocontrolled de Novo Synthesis of beta-2'-Deoxyribonucleosides. J Org Chem 1996; 61:6092-6093. [PMID: 11667437 DOI: 10.1021/jo960936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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124
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Smith AB, Wood JL, Wong W, Gould AE, Rizzo CJ, Barbosa J, Komiyama K, Ōmura S. (+)-Trienomycins A, B, C, and F and (+)-Mycotrienins I and II: Relative and Absolute Stereochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961400i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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125
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Strack PR, Frey MW, Rizzo CJ, Cordova B, George HJ, Meade R, Ho SP, Corman J, Tritch R, Korant BD. Apoptosis mediated by HIV protease is preceded by cleavage of Bcl-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:9571-6. [PMID: 8790371 PMCID: PMC38469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) protease in cultured cells leads to apoptosis, preceded by cleavage of bcl-2, a key negative regulator of cell death. In contrast, a high level of bcl-2 protects cells in vitro and in vivo from the viral protease and prevents cell death following HIV infection of human lymphocytes, while reducing the yields of viral structural proteins, infectivity, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. We present a model for HIV replication in which the viral protease depletes the infected cells of bcl-2, leading to oxidative stress-dependent activation of NF kappa B, a cellular factor required for HIV transcription, and ultimately to cell death. Purified bcl-2 is cleaved by HIV protease between phenylalanine 112 and alanine 113. The results suggest a new option for HIV gene therapy; bcl-2 muteins that have noncleavable alterations surrounding the HIV protease cleavage site.
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126
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Sharon M, Parker A, Rizzo CJ. Facile Addition of Dichloroketene to Acetylenes Mediated by Zinc and Ultrasound. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508011825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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127
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Rizzo CJ, Korant BD. Genetic approaches designed to minimize cytotoxicity of retroviral protease. Methods Enzymol 1994; 241:16-29. [PMID: 7854177 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)41056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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128
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Rizzo CJ, Dougherty JP, Breslow R. 3′-Deoxy-2′-phosphoramidites of adenosine and 5-methyluridine used for the solid phase synthesis of unnatural 3′-deoxy-2′–5″-Oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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129
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Cheng YS, Patterson CE, Rucker RG, Otto MJ, Rizzo CJ, Korant BD. Molecular characterization of HIV-2 (ROD) protease following PCR cloning from virus infected H9 cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1992; 312:83-8. [PMID: 1514447 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3462-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 450 nucleotide sequence corresponding to the nucleotides 1931-2380 of the viral genome (8) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using template DNA prepared from HIV-2 (ROD) infected H9 cells. The sequence codes for HIV-2 protease and its N-terminal flanking peptide. An identical DNA sequence was obtained from three independent PCR amplifications, which differs from the published sequence of HIV-2 (ROD) in 7 nucleotides scattered throughout the region of the cloned DNA. The cloned DNA was expressed in E. coli cells and resulted in the synthesis of a correctly processed HIV-2 protease, which is enzymatically active. Therefore, none of the seven nucleotide changes, which resulted in two amino acid substitutions, affect the autoproteolytic or trans-cleaving activities of the HIV-2 protease.
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130
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Korant BD, Rizzo CJ. Expression of the HIV aspartic protease fused to a bacterial phenotypic marker. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1991; 306:429-32. [PMID: 1812739 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6012-4_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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131
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Korant BD, Rizzo CJ. Expression in Escherichia coli of the AIDS virus aspartic protease through a protein fusion. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1990; 371 Suppl:271-5. [PMID: 2205238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of the coding sequence for the aspartic protease of HIV-1, the human AIDS virus, to a bacterial beta-lactamase gene, provides an expression system in E. coli which yields high specific activity HIV protease in a soluble form.
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132
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