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Lim KK, Chang HC, Tan JL, Chan BK. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for stage-II impingement. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2007; 15:197-200. [PMID: 17709861 DOI: 10.1177/230949900701500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes of arthroscopic subacromial decompression for stage-II impingement. METHODS Records of 42 consecutive patients with stage-II impingement treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression from January 2000 to February 2002 were reviewed. Clinical outcomes were measured using the UCLA shoulder rating scale, and radiological outcomes using anteroposterior and supraspinatus outlet shoulder radiographs. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 14.6 (range, 12-30) months. Using the UCLA scale, 14 (33%) patients had an excellent result, 21 (50%) had a good result, 4 (10%) had a fair result, and 3 (7%) had a poor result. Mean component scores for the UCLA scale were: 8.0 for pain, 8.8 for function, 4.5 for forward flexion, and 4.5 for strength. The mean extent of resection was 2.9 mm in the anteroposterior and 2.0 mm in the supraspinatus outlet radiographs. There was no correlation between the extent of acromial resection and the UCLA shoulder rating scores. CONCLUSION Short-term results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression for stage-II impingement are favourable.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Su JC, Chang CY, Lin SH. Evidence of Rotational Isomerism in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Halides: A Combined High-Pressure Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9201-6. [PMID: 17628046 DOI: 10.1021/jp071055r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure methods were applied to investigate the rotational isomerism and the hydrogen-bonding structures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, respectively. Conformation changes of the butyl chain were observed above a pressure of 0.3 GPa. Under ambient pressure, Raman spectra indicate that the more thermodynamically stable butyl structure of the cations is the gauche-anti (GA) and all-anti forms for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, respectively. Nevertheless, the high-pressure phases arise from the perturbed GA conformer. The imidazolium C-H bands of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride display anomalous nonmonotonic pressure-induced frequency shifts. This discontinuity in the frequency shift is related to the modification of the imidazolium C-H---Cl- contacts upon compression. The alkyl C-H---Cl- interactions are suggested to be a compensatory mechanism to provide additional stability. Density-functional-theory-calculated results also support the high-pressure results that the methyl and butyl C-H groups are suitable proton donor sites for the GA conformer.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Tsai WC, Chen GC, Chang CY, Lin SH. The effect of pressure on charge-enhanced C–H⋯O interactions in aqueous triethylamine hydrochloride probed by high pressure Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chang HC, Harrop GA. THE DETERMINATION OF THE CIRCULATING BLOOD VOLUME WITH CARBON MONOXIDE. J Clin Invest 2006; 5:393-405. [PMID: 16693800 PMCID: PMC434718 DOI: 10.1172/jci100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chang HC, Harrop GA, Schaub BM. THE CIRCULATING BLOOD VOLUME IN DIABETIC ACIDOSIS. J Clin Invest 2006; 5:407-14. [PMID: 16693801 PMCID: PMC434719 DOI: 10.1172/jci100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wang JY, Hsueh PR, Lee CH, Chang HC, Lee LN, Liaw YS, Yang PC. Recognising tuberculosis in the lower lung field: an age- and sex-matched controlled study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:578-84. [PMID: 16704043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis (TB) can sometimes present with consolidation in the lower lung field. This study was conducted to compare the manifestations of lower-lung-field TB (LLFTB) and other pulmonary TB. DESIGN All new culture-proven TB patients with lower-lung-field consolidation from July 2001 through December 2002 were included. Age- and sex-matched TB patients with upper lung involvement were selected as controls. RESULTS A total of 79 patients with LLFTB were included. Their mean age was 58.8 years; 46 were male. The clinical, radiographic and laboratory findings were similar in the LLFTB and the control groups, except that the LLFTB patients had less cavitation (P = 0.005). Patients with LLFTB were diagnosed (P = 0.051) and treated (P = 0.001) later than the control patients. The calibres of the trachea and both main bronchi were significantly smaller in the LLFTB group (P < 0.001). More patients with LLFTB developed segmental or lobar atelectasis during follow-up (P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The manifestations of LLFTB are non-specific. The lower-lung involvement, the lower incidence of cavitation and the higher probability of segmental or lobar atelectasis implied that LLFTB was primary TB. A small bronchial calibre probably contributed to its development.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Tsai WC, Chen GC, Lin SH. Hydrogen Bond Stabilization in 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium Methyl Sulfate and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Probed by High Pressure: The Role of Charge-Enhanced C−H···O Interactions in the Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:3302-7. [PMID: 16494344 DOI: 10.1021/jp0560009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bonding structures of room-temperature ionic liquids 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate have been studied by infrared spectroscopy. High-pressure infrared spectral profiles and theoretical calculations allow us to make a vibrational assignment of these compounds. The imidazolium C-H bands of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate display anomalous non-monotonic pressure-induced frequency shifts. This discontinuity in frequency shift is related to enhanced C-H...O hydrogen bonding. This behavior is in contrast with the trend of blue shifts in frequency for the methyl C-H stretching mode at ca. 2960 cm(-1). Our results indicated that the imidazolium C-H groups are more favorable sites for hydrogen bonding than the methyl C-H groups in the pure 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate. Nevertheless, both methyl C-H and imidazolium C-H groups are favorable sites for C-H...O hydrogen bonding in a dilute 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate/D(2)O mixture. Hydrogen bond-like C-H...F interactions were observed between PF(6)(-) and H atoms on the alkyl side chains and imidazolium ring for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
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Hatano Y, Sato K, Elibol B, Yoshino H, Yamamura Y, Bonifati V, Shinotoh H, Asahina M, Kobayashi S, Ng AR, Rosales RL, Hassin-Baer S, Shinar Y, Lu CS, Chang HC, Wu-Chou YH, Ataç FB, Kobayashi T, Toda T, Mizuno Y, Hattori N. PARK6-linked autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism in Asian populations. Neurology 2006; 63:1482-5. [PMID: 15505170 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000142258.29304.fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors performed linkage analysis in 39 families with autosomal recessive early-onset PD (AR-EOPD) negative for parkin and DJ-1 mutations. Eight families including three Japanese, two Taiwanese, one Turkish, one Israeli, and one Philippine showed evidence of linkage with PARK6 with multipoint log of the odds (lod) score of 9.88 at D1S2732. The results indicate worldwide distribution of PARK6-linked parkinsonism.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Lai WW, Lin JS, Chen GC, Tsai WC, Lin SH. High-Pressure Raman Studies on Aqueous Protonated Thiazole: Presence of Charge-Enhanced C−H···O Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:23103-7. [PMID: 16854009 DOI: 10.1021/jp0536652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Close interactions of the charge-enhanced C-H...O type have been analyzed both experimentally and computationally in the protonated thiazole-water system. The formation of a weak hydrogen bond was directly evidenced by a low-frequency shift of the hydrogen-bonded aromatic C-H stretch in the protonated thiazole moiety. For pure thiazole, the pressure dependence of the C-H bands yielded blue frequency shifts. The peak frequency of the aromatic C-H stretch band of protonated thiazole in a dilute D2O solution possesses an unusual nonmonotonic pressure dependence, which indicates enhanced C-H...O hydrogen-bond formation at high pressure. We performed density functional theory calculations to predict the frequency shift of the C-H stretching vibrations. The reorganization of the hydrogen-bonded network may be one of the factors to induce the blue frequency shift to the red frequency shift.
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Bian Q, Xu LC, Wang SL, Xia YK, Tan LF, Chen JF, Song L, Chang HC, Wang XR. Study on the relation between occupational fenvalerate exposure and spermatozoa DNA damage of pesticide factory workers. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:999-1005. [PMID: 15550606 PMCID: PMC1740696 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2004.014597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine sperm nuclear DNA integrity and to investigate the relation between fenvalerate (FE) exposure and spermatozoa DNA damage. METHODS Sperm DNA fragmentation was detected by a modified alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The olive tail moment (OTM) and percentage tail DNA were measured by the Comet assay, and cell positive percentage was measured by the TUNEL assay for DNA damage evaluation. RESULTS The DNA integrity of spermatozoa of external and internal control groups were both significantly greater than that of the FE exposed group. The median value of tail DNA percentage in the exposure group was 11.30, which was significantly higher than 5.60 in the internal control group and 5.10 in the external control group. The median value of OTM was 3.80 in the exposure group, significantly higher than 1.50 in the internal control group and 2.00 in the external control group. Mean cell positive was 31.2% in the exposure group, significantly higher than 17.4% in the internal control and 19.6% in the external control groups. Cell positive (%) was significantly correlated with tail DNA percentage and with OTM of whole subjects (n = 63). CONCLUSIONS Results showed that occupational FE exposure is associated with an increase in sperm DNA damage. A combination of the Comet and TUNEL assays would offer more comprehensive information for a better understanding of sperm DNA damage, and the biological significance of sperm DNA damage in sperm function and male infertility.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Su CC, Lu LC, Hsiao CJ, Chuang CW, Lin SH. Pressure-Enhanced C−H···O Interactions in Aqueous tert-Butyl Alcohol. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Fang KM, Shu WH, Chang HC, Wang JJ, Mak OT. Study of prostaglandin receptors in mitochondria on apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Biochem Soc Trans 2004; 32:1078-80. [PMID: 15506970 DOI: 10.1042/bst0321078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PGs (prostaglandins) are synthesized through the cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and -2) pathway in a variety of cells in response to various physiological stimuli. All cells require at least one pathway for apoptosis, and mitochondrial play a central role in regulation of apoptosis. In a previous study, incubation of A549 cells with NS-398 (a COX-2-specific inhibitor) induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, and the concentrations of different PGs between various cellular compartments were found to be changed. To determine whether PG receptors are involved in this regulation, Western-blot analyses were performed specific for PGE2 (EP receptors) and PGF2α (FP receptor) receptors, which were expressed in A549 cells. Western-blot analysis revealed that mitochondria that were isolated from A549 cells expressed EP receptors (EP2, EP3 and EP4), whereas FP receptors were undetectable. EP receptors (EP1, EP3 and EP4) and FP receptors were detected from A549 cell membrane. These results suggest that the change of PG production in A549-cells-induced cancer cell apoptosis might be related to the different expressions of EP and FP receptors in cell and mitochondrial membrane.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Chuang CW, Lin SH. Evidence for hydrogen bond-like C–H–O interactions in aqueous 1,4-dioxane probed by high pressure. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee KM, Chang HC, Jiang JC, Lu LC, Hsiao CJ, Lee YT, Lin SH, Lin IJB. Probing C–H⋯X hydrogen bonds in amide-functionalized imidazolium salts under high pressure. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:8645-50. [PMID: 15267793 DOI: 10.1063/1.1697380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have probed under high pressure the C-H hydrogen bonds formed by N,N(')-disubstituted imidazolium ions having PF(6) (-) and Br(-) counterions. High-pressure infrared spectral profiles, x-ray crystallographic analysis, and ab initio calculations allow us to make a vibrational assignment of these compounds. The appearance of a signal for the free-NH unit (or weakly bonded N-H...F unit) in the infrared spectrum of the PF(6) (-) salt indicates that conventional N-H...O and N-H...N hydrogen bonds do not fully dominate the packing. It is likely that the charge-enhanced C(2)-H...F interactions, combined with other weak hydrogen bonds, disturb the formation of N-H hydrogen bonds in the PF(6) (-) salt. This finding is consistent with the pressure-dependent results, which reveal that the C(2)-H...F interaction is enhanced upon increasing the pressure. In contrast to the PF(6) (-) salt, the imidazolium C-H bonds of the Br(-) salt have low sensitivity to high pressure. This finding suggests that the hydrogen bonding patterns are determined by the relative hydrogen bond acceptor strengths of the Br(-) and PF(6) (-) ions.
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Lee KBL, Howe TS, Chang HC. Cancellous screw fixation for femoral neck fractures: one hundred and sixteen patients. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2004; 33:248-51. [PMID: 15098643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper evaluates the efficacy and safety of the use of cancellous screw fixation in the treatment of intracapsular femoral neck fractures in our local population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of the results of 116 cases that were performed in Singapore General Hospital and Changi General Hospital over a 2-year period was undertaken. The minimum period of follow-up was 2 years. RESULTS The median age of the study group was 71 years and approximately two-thirds were females. There were 104 (90%) cases of undisplaced (Garden 1 and 2) fractures and 12 (10%) displaced (Garden 3 and 4) fractures. The specific complication rate was much higher in the displaced group of patients. At 2 years' postoperation, 85% returned to their premorbid level of ambulation and 90% reported good pain relief. The 1-year mortality rate was 7%. CONCLUSION Cancellous screw fixation is a relatively safe and useful operation. It achieved our aim of returning most patients to their pre-fracture level of ambulation and providing good pain relief.
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Lee KM, Chang HC, Jiang JC, Chen JCC, Kao HE, Lin SH, Lin IJB. C[bond]H- - -O hydrogen bonds in beta-sheetlike networks: combined X-ray crystallography and high-pressure infrared study. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:12358-64. [PMID: 14519022 DOI: 10.1021/ja036719z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Close interactions of the C(alpha)[bond]H- - -O type have been analyzed via X-ray crystallography and high-pressure infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the C(alpha)[bond]H- - -O interactions can offer an additional stability to the beta-sheet formation. X-ray structural data suggest that while 1-acetamido-3-(2-pyrimidinyl)-imidazolium bromide exhibits a bilayer stacking, the PF(6)(-) salt reveals a beta-sheetlike pattern. The appearance of the free-NH infrared absorption indicates that the conventional N[bond]H- - -O or N[bond]H- - -N hydrogen bonds do not fully dominate the packing for the PF(6)(-) salt. The high-pressure infrared study suggests that the C(alpha)[bond]H- - -O hydrogen bonds are the important determinants for the stability of the PF(6)(-) salt. This study also verifies that the imidazolium C[bond]H stretching frequency shifts to a longer wavelength upon the formation of the C[bond]H- - -O hydrogen bonds.
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Su CC, Chang HC, Jiang JC, Wei PY, Lu LC, Lin SH. Evidence of charge-enhanced C–H–O interactions in aqueous protonated imidazole probed by high pressure infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1620500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Li YL, Leaw SN, Chen JH, Chang HC, Chang TC. Rapid Identification of Yeasts Commonly Found in Positive Blood Cultures by Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions 1 and 2. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22:693-6. [PMID: 14557922 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-1020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR method using one universal and eight species-specific primers was developed to rapidly identify eight yeast species found in positive blood cultures. The species-specific primers were designed from the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 of the rRNA gene, whereas the universal primer was located at the 26S rRNA gene. The eight species were Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The PCR products (116 to 630 bp) were different in length and could be effectively separated and recognized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By testing 234 positive blood cultures (237 isolates), 234 (98.7%) isolates of the above eight species were correctly identified by the multiplex PCR. The present method is simple to perform and can be completed within 6 h.
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Cai Y, Peng WP, Chang HC. Ion trap mass spectrometry of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2003; 75:1805-11. [PMID: 12713037 DOI: 10.1021/ac0206723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectra of fluorescently labeled polystyrene nanoparticles have been obtained using a combined technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and a dual quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The spectrometer is designed in such a way that the first trap serves as a trapping and mass-analyzing device, while the second trap serves to capture and concentrate the ions ejected from the first trap for fluorescence detection. An enhancement in the LIF signal by more than 3 orders of magnitude is achieved with the help of the second trap, making mass/charge (m/z) analysis of the nanoparticles possible. Additional unique features of this mass spectrometer include that frequency scan (0.5-50 kHz) at a constant voltage (200 V), instead of voltage scan at a constant frequency, is implemented to widen the spectral analysis range of the instrument. The implementation has allowed the spectrometer to operate at relatively high buffer gas pressures (50 mTorr), crucial for effective trapping of the nanometer-sized particles generated by MALDI. We present in this report the first mass spectra of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles with a size of 27 nm using this new mass spectrometric approach. The utility of this method in the study of biological macromolecules or particles is demonstrated with dye-labeled IgG.
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Chang HC, Jiang JC, Feng CM, Yang YC, Su CC, Chang PJ, Lin SH. High-pressure spectroscopic probe of hydrophobic hydration of the methyl groups in dimethyl sulfoxide. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1532347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Soon JL, Chang HC, Sim CS, Teoh LC, Low CO. A case of Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation of the hand. Singapore Med J 2003; 44:27-30. [PMID: 12762560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (BPOP) of the hand that was initially misdiagnosed as an osteochondroma. BPOP, although a benign lesion, behaves aggressively with rapid growth and high risk of local recurrence after local resection. The distinguishing features of BPOP as opposed to an osteochondroma are discussed.
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Chang PCC, Chang HC, Ang KC, Satku K. The growth and development of orthopaedic sports medicine in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2002; 31:573-8. [PMID: 12395641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Orthopaedic sports medicine is currently a well established subspecialty of orthopaedic surgery in Singapore. It had its beginnings in the late 1960s and has since grown to be one of the major orthopaedic subspecialties. Knee, shoulder and ankle injuries constitute the majority of cases seen by the orthopaedic sports medicine specialists. Significant scientific contributions to the international literature have been made by our specialists over the years. Today, Singapore is a regional hub for the provision of orthopaedic sports medicine care and training.
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