Same or Different Drug-Eluting Stent Re-Implantation for Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis: An Assessment Including Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents

OBJECTIVES

We examined the long-term outcomes of implanting a different type of drug-eluting stent (DES), including second-generation DES, for treatment of DES-in stent restenosis (ISR).

BACKGROUND

Treatment for DES-ISR has not been standardized.

METHODS

The subjects were 80 patients with 89 lesions underwent DES implantation for DES-ISR. The patients were divided into the group of patients receiving the same DES for DES-ISR (Homo-stent: 24 patients, 25 lesions) and a different DES for DES-ISR (Hetero-stent: 56 patients, 64 lesions). The primary endpoint was survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization (TVR). The secondary endpoint was late loss at 8-12 months follow-up. In the subgroup of patients who were treated with second-generation DES for DES-ISR, we also assessed the survival free of MACE.

RESULTS

During a mean follow-up of 45.1 ± 21.2 months, 26 patients experienced MACE. There was no significant difference in the survival free of MACE (Log rank P = 0.17). In the sub-analysis of second generation DES, MACE was significantly higher in the Homo-stent group compared to the Hetero-stent group (Log rank P = 0.04). Late loss was significantly higher in the Homo-stent group than in the Hetero-stent group (0.86 ± 1.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.74 mm, P = 0.03). This trend was prominent in the first-generation DES group.

CONCLUSIONS

Although there was no significant difference in MACE between the Hetero-stent and the Homo-stent groups including both first and second-generation DES, the sub-analysis demonstrated different DES implantation for DES-ISR significantly improved the MACE rate among patients treated with second-generation DES. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:311-318).

Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity distribution in proton-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector

The centrality dependence of the mean charged-particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity is measured in approximately 1 [Formula: see text]b[Formula: see text] of proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.7 are reconstructed using the ATLAS pixel detector. The [Formula: see text] collision centrality is characterised by the total transverse energy measured in the Pb-going direction of the forward calorimeter. The charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions are found to vary strongly with centrality, with an increasing asymmetry between the proton-going and Pb-going directions as the collisions become more central. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the [Formula: see text] collision have been carried out using the Glauber model as well as two Glauber-Gribov inspired extensions to the Glauber model. Charged-particle multiplicities per participant pair are found to vary differently for these three models, highlighting the importance of including colour fluctuations in nucleon-nucleon collisions in the modelling of the initial state of [Formula: see text] collisions.

Spin dynamics in Na(4-x)Ir₃O₈ (x = 0.3 and 0.7) investigated by ²³Na NMR and μSR

We report (23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and zero-field (ZF) and longitudinal-field (LF) muon spin relaxation (μSR) measurements of the depleted hyperkagome compounds Na(4-x)Ir3O8 (x  =  0.3 and 0.7), which undergo an insulator-semimetal transition as a function of x. The (23)Na spin-lattice relaxation rates, T1(-1), follow a T(2.5) power law behavior at accessible temperatures of T  =  120-350 K. A substantial temperature dependence of T1(-1) indicates the presence of gapped excitations at elevated temperatures through the transition to a semimetallic phase. ZF-μSR results reveal that hole-doping leads to a melting of quasi-static order to a dynamically fluctuating state. The very slow muon depolarization rate which varies hardly with temperature indicates that spins are close to an itinerant limit in the largest doping x  =  0.7. The dynamic relaxation rates extracted from the LF-μSR spectra show a three-dimensional diffusive transport. Our combined NMR and μSR results suggest the occurrence of intriguing spin and charge excitations across the insulator-semimetal transition.

Relationship between Cnm-positive Streptococcus mutans and cerebral microbleeds in humans

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral hemorrhage has been shown to occur in animals experimentally infected with Streptococcus mutans carrying the collagen-binding Cnm gene. However, the relationship between cerebral microbleeds and oral hygiene, with a focus on Cnm gene-positive S. mutans infection, remains unclear.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

One hundred and thirty-nine subjects participated. The presence or absence of Cnm-positive S. mutans and its collagen-binding activity were investigated using saliva samples, and relationship with cerebral microbleeds detected on MRI investigated, including clinical information and oral parameters.

RESULTS

Fifty-one subjects were identified as Cnm-positive S. mutans carriers (36.7%), with cerebral microbleeds being detected in 43 (30.9%). A significantly larger number of subjects carried Cnm-positive S. mutans in the cerebral microbleeds (+) group. S. mutans with Cnm collagen-binding ability was detected in 39 (28.1%) of all subjects, and the adjusted odds ratio for cerebral microbleeds in the Cnm-positive group was 14.4. Regarding the presence of cerebral microbleeds, no significant differences were noted in the number of remaining teeth, dental caries, or in classic arteriosclerosis risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The occurrence of cerebral microbleeds was higher in subjects carrying Cnm-positive S. mutans, indicating that the presence of Cnm-positive S. mutans increases cerebral microbleeds, and is an independent risk for the development of cerebrovascular disorders.

Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for chondroitin sulfate E

Chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) is a polysaccharide containing mainly disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and 4,6-O-disulfated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) residues (E-unit) in the amount of ∼ 60%. CSE is involved in many biological and pathological processes. In this study, we established new monoclonal antibodies, termed E-12C and E-18H, by using CSE that contained more than 70% of E-units as an immunogen. These antibodies recognized CSE but not other CSs isomers or dermatan sulfate (DS). We evaluated the reactivities of the antibodies to 6-O-sulfated CSA (6S-CSA) and DS (6S-DS) that possessed ∼ 60% of GalNAc (4S, 6S) moieties in their structures. Neither of the antibodies reacted with 6S-DS. The antibodies strictly distinguished the structural difference of GlcA and L-iduronic acid in the polysaccharide. Binding affinities of the antibodies were determined by a surface plasmon resonance assay using CSE and 6S-CSA. The binding affinities were strongly associated with the molecular weight of CSE and the E-unit content of 6S-CSA. Moreover, we demonstrated that the antibodies are applicable to histochemical analysis. In conclusion, the new anti-CSE monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize the E-unit of CSE. The antibodies will become useful tools for the investigation of the biological and pathological significance of CSE.

Epidemiological survey of definite cases of Meniere's disease collected by the seventeen members of the Meniere's Disease Research Committee of Japan in 1975--1976

Between Aril 1975 and December 1976, the second nationwide survey of Meniere's disease in Japan was made by the 17 members of the Meniere's Disease Research Committee of Japan. The epidemiological data from 520 patients with definite Meniere's disease were analyzed in comparison with those from the 126 patients in the non-Meniere vertiginous group (Control A) and the 228 patients in the rhinolaryngological group (Control B). The male:female ratio of definite cases of Meniere's disease was almost the same, and the age distribution peaked at the age group of 40--49 years for males, while the peak for females was at the age group of 30--39 years. 5.8% of the 520 patients had a close relative who also suffered from Meniere's disease. From the epidemiological features, it may appear that the occurrence of vertiginous attacks in Meniere's disease is influenced much more by individual than by environmental factors. However, this feature can be considered as another evidence of the psychosomatic disorders involved in Meniere's disease.

Universality class of the mott transition

Pressure dependence of the conductivity and thermoelectric power is measured through the Mott transition in the layer organic conductor EtMe_{3}P[Pd(dmit)_{2}]_{2}. The critical behavior of the thermoelectric effect provides a clear and objective determination of the Mott-Hubbard transition during the isothermal pressure sweep. Above the critical end point, the metal-insulator crossing, determined by the thermoelectric effect minimum value, is not found to coincide with the maximum of the derivative of the conductivity as a function of pressure. We show that the critical exponents of the Mott-Hubbard transition fall within the Ising universality class regardless of the dimensionality of the system.

Personality and suicide risk: the impact of economic crisis in Japan

BACKGROUND

The interactive effect of personal factors and social factors upon suicide risk is unclear. We conducted prospective cohort study to investigate whether the impact of the economic crisis in 1997-1998 upon suicide risk differed according to Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits.

METHODS

The Miyagi Cohort Study in Japan with a follow-up for 19 years from 1990 to 2008 has 29,432 subjects aged 40-64 years at baseline who completed a questionnaire about various health habits and the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Form in 1990.

RESULTS

The suicide mortality rate increased from 4.6 per 100,000 person-years before 1998 to 27.8 after 1998. Although both Neuroticism and Psychoticism were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality during the whole period from 1990 to 2008, the impact of the economic crisis upon suicide risk differed between the Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits. Compared with the lowest category, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest Neuroticism increased from 0.66 before 1998 to 2.45 after 1998. On the other hand, the HRs for the highest Psychoticism decreased from 7.85 before 1998 to 2.05 after 1998.

CONCLUSIONS

The impact of the 1997-1998 economic crisis upon suicide risk differed according to personality. Suicide risk increased among these with higher Neuroticism after the economic crisis, but this was not the case for other personality subscales.

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Jet energy measurement and its systematic uncertainty in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector

The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Jets are reconstructed from energy deposits forming topological clusters of calorimeter cells using the anti-[Formula: see text] algorithm with distance parameters [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and are calibrated using MC simulations. A residual JES correction is applied to account for differences between data and MC simulations. This correction and its systematic uncertainty are estimated using a combination of in situ techniques exploiting the transverse momentum balance between a jet and a reference object such as a photon or a [Formula: see text] boson, for [Formula: see text] and pseudorapidities [Formula: see text]. The effect of multiple proton-proton interactions is corrected for, and an uncertainty is evaluated using in situ techniques. The smallest JES uncertainty of less than 1 % is found in the central calorimeter region ([Formula: see text]) for jets with [Formula: see text]. For central jets at lower [Formula: see text], the uncertainty is about 3 %. A consistent JES estimate is found using measurements of the calorimeter response of single hadrons in proton-proton collisions and test-beam data, which also provide the estimate for [Formula: see text] TeV. The calibration of forward jets is derived from dijet [Formula: see text] balance measurements. The resulting uncertainty reaches its largest value of 6 % for low-[Formula: see text] jets at [Formula: see text]. Additional JES uncertainties due to specific event topologies, such as close-by jets or selections of event samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks or gluons, are also discussed. The magnitude of these uncertainties depends on the event sample used in a given physics analysis, but typically amounts to 0.5-3 %.

Relationship between virus-neutralizing antibody levels and the number of rabies vaccinations: a prospective study of dogs in Japan

A mass rabies vaccination of dogs has been conducted annually in Japan over the last 60 years. To assess both current levels of rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) in dogs and the rationale for current vaccination procedures, we used a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to determine VNA levels in 756 dogs that had visited animal hospitals in Japan. We found that 51.1% of the dogs that had received 1 rabies vaccination had protective VNA levels (≥0.5 IU/ml) with a geometric mean of 0.61 IU/ml. In contrast, 97.8% of the dogs that had been vaccinated at least twice had protective VNA levels with a geometric mean of 7.86 IU/ml. Furthermore, 97.9-100% of the dogs vaccinated at least twice retained protective VNA levels into the second year after the last vaccination. Although VNA levels in the dogs vaccinated at least twice tended to decline 2 years after the last vaccination, 78.9% retained protective VNA levels. Thus, the current rabies vaccination schedule provides adequate protection, but the registration system and vaccination schedule needs to be improved to ensure that increased numbers of dogs are vaccinated against rabies.

Evidence for electroweak production of W±W±jj in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the first study of W(±)W(±)jj, same-electric-charge diboson production in association with two jets, using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s] = 8  TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two reconstructed same-charge leptons (e(±)e(±), e(±)μ(±), and μ(±)μ(±)) and two or more jets are analyzed. Production cross sections are measured in two fiducial regions, with different sensitivities to the electroweak and strong production mechanisms. First evidence for W(±)W(±)jj production and electroweak-only W(±)W(±)jj production is observed with a significance of 4.5 and 3.6 standard deviations, respectively. The measured production cross sections are in agreement with standard model predictions. Limits at 95% confidence level are set on anomalous quartic gauge couplings.

Muon reconstruction efficiency and momentum resolution of the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in 2010

This paper presents a study of the performance of the muon reconstruction in the analysis of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV at the LHC, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2010. This performance is described in terms of reconstruction and isolation efficiencies and momentum resolutions for different classes of reconstructed muons. The results are obtained from an analysis of [Formula: see text] meson and [Formula: see text] boson decays to dimuons, reconstructed from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 40 pb[Formula: see text]. The measured performance is compared to Monte Carlo predictions and deviations from the predicted performance are discussed.