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Saito T, Kawai M, Matsumura T, Fujimura H, Sakoda S. G.P.163. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Takeuchi F, Nakamura H, Mitsuhashi S, Mori-Yoshimura M, Hayashi Y, Shimizu R, Komaki H, Nishino I, Kawai M, Takeda S, Kimura E. G.P.258. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oguri S, Ishitsuka H, Choi J, Kawai M, Tajima O. Note: Sub-Kelvin refrigeration with dry-coolers on a rotating system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:086101. [PMID: 25173326 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed a cryogenic system on a rotating table that achieves sub-Kelvin conditions. The cryogenic system consists of a helium sorption cooler and a pulse tube cooler in a cryostat mounted on a rotating table. Two rotary-joint connectors for electricity and helium gas circulation enable the coolers to be operated and maintained with ease. We performed cool-down tests under a condition of continuous rotation at 20 rpm. We obtained a temperature of 0.23 K with a holding time of more than 24 h, thus complying with catalog specifications. We monitored the system's performance for four weeks; two weeks with and without rotation. A few-percent difference in conditions was observed between these two states. Most applications can tolerate such a slight difference. The technology developed is useful for various scientific applications requiring sub-Kelvin conditions on rotating platforms.
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Tani M, Kawai M, Hirono S, Okada KI, Miyazawa M, Shimizu A, Kitahata Y, Yamaue H. Randomized clinical trial of isolated Roux-en-Y versus conventional reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1084-91. [PMID: 24975853 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications including pancreatic fistula. This randomized clinical trial compared the incidence of pancreatic fistula between the isolated Roux-en-Y (IsoRY) and conventional reconstruction (CR) methods. METHODS Patients admitted for PD between June 2009 and September 2012 in a single centre were assigned randomly to CR or IsoRY. The primary endpoint was the incidence of pancreatic fistula (grade A-C) defined according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula. Secondary endpoints were complication rates, mortality and hospital stay. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with pancreatic fistula. RESULTS Some 153 patients were randomized, 76 to CR and 77 to IsoRY; two patients from the IsoRY group were excluded after randomization. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 26 patients (34 per cent) in the CR group and 25 (33 per cent) in the IsoRY group (P = 0·909). The number of patients with a clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) was similar in the two groups (10 and 11 patients respectively; P = 0·789), as were complication rates (42 versus 40 per cent; P = 0·793) and mortality (none in either group; P = 0·999). Soft pancreas was the only independent risk factor for pancreatic fistula (odds ratio 4·42, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·85 to 10·53; P <0·001). CONCLUSION This study showed that IsoRY reconstruction does not reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula compared with CR. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00915863 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) and UMIN000001967 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/).
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Kanazawa H, Kawai M, Niwa F, Hasegawa T, Iwanaga K, Ohata K, Tamaki A, Heike T. Subcutaneous fat accumulation in early infancy is more strongly associated with motor development and delay than muscle growth. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:e262-7. [PMID: 24528278 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Physical growth in neurologically healthy preterm infants affects motor development. This study investigated the separate relationships between muscle and fat in infancy and later motor development and physical growth. METHODS Muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness of the anterior thigh were measured using ultrasound images obtained from neurologically healthy preterm infants at birth, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months' corrected age. We also obtained the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and Alberta Infant Motor Scale scores at 18 months' corrected age to assess motor ability and motor delay. RESULTS Thirty preterm infants completed the study protocol. There was a significant positive correlation between motor ability and increments in subcutaneous fat thickness during the first 3 and 6 months' corrected age (r = 0.48 and 0.40, p < 0.05, respectively), but not between motor ability and muscle thickness growth in any of the periods. A secondary, logistic regression analysis showed that increments in subcutaneous fat thickness during the first 3 months were a protective factor for motor delay. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous fat accumulation in early infancy is more strongly associated with motor development and delay than muscle growth.
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Sumigama S, Sugiyama C, Kotani T, Hayakawa H, Inoue A, Mano Y, Tsuda H, Furuhashi M, Yamamuro O, Kinoshita Y, Okamoto T, Nakamura H, Matsusawa K, Sakakibara K, Oguchi H, Kawai M, Shimoyama Y, Tamakoshi K, Kikkawa F. Uterine sutures at prior caesarean section and placenta accreta in subsequent pregnancy: a case-control study. BJOG 2014; 121:866-74; discussion 875. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kawai M, Hiramatsu M, Lee SW, Tokuhara T, Fujita Y, Nomura E, Inoue K, Yoden A, Tamai H, Uchiyama K. Endoscopy-assisted percutaneous anterior gastropexy for gastric volvulus: a minimally invasive technique using a special instrument. Endoscopy 2014; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E151-2. [PMID: 23716107 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Ishida T, Suzuki A, Kawai M, Narikawa Y, Saito H, Yamamoto S, Tohno E, Sobue T, Fukuda M, Ohuchi N. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Verify the Efficacy of the Use of Ultrasonography in Breast Cancer Screening Aged 40-49 (J-START): 76 196 Women Registered. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:134-40. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Noguchi J, Kawai M, Hamada M. Intramolecular Rearrangements in Peptide Derivatives of Anthranilic Acid. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.197400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nakayama T, Kuru S, Okura M, Motoyoshi Y, Kawai M. Estimation of net muscle volume in patients with muscular dystrophy using muscle CT for prospective muscle volume analysis: an observational study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003603. [PMID: 24176796 PMCID: PMC3816239 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle volume in patients with muscle disease is an index of disease progression. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a new method of muscle volumetry using CT of thigh muscles. DESIGN Observational study. PARTICIPANTS (1) For muscle volumetry using CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 13 patients with muscle disease participated. (2) For prospective CT volumetry, 12 patients participated over 4 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES To establish the new CT volumetry, the results of which were correlated with the muscle mass calculated from DXA (primary outcome). To show the decrease in muscle volume using our method over 4 years (secondary outcome) METHODS (1) Helical CT imaging of the thigh was performed. CT images were analysed by applying estimated functions, and the accumulation of outcomes resulted in muscle volumes. We refer to this method as 'net muscle volumetry'. Simultaneously, DXA was performed in these patients, and the muscle mass of the thigh was calculated with vendor-provided software. (2) To evaluate longitudinal changes in muscle volume, net muscle volumetry at the 14 cm section of the middle part of the thigh was performed repeatedly over a 4-year period. RESULTS (1) Volumes of the thigh muscle on one side were calculated to be 300-3400 cm(3) using CT. Muscle mass of the thigh was calculated from DXA to be 1100-5000 g. These results correspond closely, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.993. (2) Thigh net muscle volumes of seven patients with gait disturbance decreased over the 4-year study period (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS A method of measuring net muscle volume using CT, which was validated by muscle mass calculated from DXA, was developed. Decrements in net muscle volume over 4 years support the reliability of this method. This less arbitrary method is suitable for assessment of muscle volume in patients with muscular dystrophy.
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Kawai M, Kirkness JP, Yamamura S, Imaizumi K, Yoshimine H, Oi K, Ayuse T. Increased phosphatidylcholine concentration in saliva reduces surface tension and improves airway patency in obstructive sleep apnoea. J Oral Rehabil 2013; 40:758-66. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen B, Kawai M, Wu-Wong JR. Synthesis of VS-105: A novel and potent vitamin D receptor agonist with reduced hypercalcemic effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5949-52. [PMID: 24035340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel vitamin D receptor agonist VS-105 ((1R,3R)-5-((E)-2-((3αS,7αS)-1-((R)-1-((S)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbutoxy)ethyl)-7α-methyldihydro-1H-inden-4(2H,5H,6H,7H,7αH)-ylidene)ethylidene)-2-methylenecyclohexane-1,3-diol). Preparation of a-ring phenylphosphine oxide 11, followed by Wittig-Horner coupling of 11 with the protected 25-hydroxy Grundmann's ketone 22 generated the precursor 12. Deprotection of the TBDMS groups of 12 produced the target compound VS-105. The biological profiles of VS-105 were evaluated using in vitro assays (VDR receptor binding, VDR reporter gene and HL-60 differentiation) in comparison to calcitriol (the endogenous hormone) or paricalcitol. Furthermore, the PTH suppressing potency and hypercalcemic side effects of VS-105 were evaluated in the 5/6 nephrectomized uremic rats in comparison to paricalcitol. Combining various changes at 20-epi, 22-oxa, 24-methyl, and 2-methylene yielded VS-105 that not only is highly potent in inducing functional responses in vitro, but also effectively suppresses PTH in a dose range that does not affect serum calcium in the 5/6 nephrectomized uremic rats.
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Arafune R, Lin CL, Nagao R, Kawai M, Takagi N. Comment on "Evidence for Dirac fermions in a honeycomb lattice based on silicon". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:229701. [PMID: 23767755 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.229701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Oguri S, Choi J, Kawai M, Tajima O. Cryogenic cooling with cryocooler on a rotating system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:055116. [PMID: 23742598 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We developed a system that continuously maintains a cryocooler for long periods on a rotating table. A cryostat that holds the cryocooler is set on the table. A compressor is located on the ground and supplies high-purity (>99.999%) and high-pressure (1.7 MPa) helium gas and electricity to the cryocooler. The operation of the cryocooler and other instruments requires the development of interface components between the ground and rotating table. A combination of access holes at the center of the table and two rotary joints allows simultaneous circulation of electricity and helium gas. The developed system provides two innovative functions under the rotating condition, cooling from room temperature and the maintenance of a cold condition for long periods. We have confirmed these abilities as well as temperature stability under a condition of continuous rotation at 20 rpm. The developed system can be applied in various fields, e.g., in tests of Lorentz invariance, searches for axion, radio astronomy, and cosmology, and application of radar systems. In particular, there is a plan to use this system for a radio telescope observing cosmic microwave background radiation.
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Nagai M, Hori N, Miyamoto M, Sakaguchi M, Hayakawa Y, Kawai M, Kita M, Furuya T, Imai K. Effect of co-culture with intact embryos on development of bovine separated blastomeres. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:461-5. [PMID: 23607693 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve embryo development in bovine separated blastomeres, we evaluated applicability of co-culture with intact embryos. The morphological quality of blastocysts derived from separated blastomeres and rate of blastocyst formation were only slightly increased when the cells were co-cultured with intact embryos, which did not provide significant differences when statistically analyzed. However, the cell count of inner cell mass (ICM), trophectoderm (TE) and total number of cells in Day 8 blastocysts were significantly higher when the cells were co-cultured with the intact embryos than those with the cells cultured individually (P<0.05). Transfer of four monozygotic pairs of blastocysts derived from the cells co-cultured with intact embryos led to three pregnancies even when the blastomeres were produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of oocytes collected by ovum pick-up from elite cows. These results suggest that co-culturing with intact embryos may enhance development of bovine separated blastomere.
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Wu-Wong JR, Kawai M, Chen YW, Wessale JL, Huang CJ, Wu MT, Nakane M. Two novel vitamin D receptor modulators with similar structures exhibit different hypercalcemic effects in 5/6 nephrectomized uremic rats. Am J Nephrol 2013; 37:310-9. [PMID: 23548814 DOI: 10.1159/000348755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Vitamin D receptor modulators (VDRMs) are indicated for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical observations demonstrate that VDRM therapy provides cardiovascular (CV) benefit in CKD. Current on-market VDRMs have a narrow therapeutic index at 1- to 4-fold [hypercalcemic toxicity vs. parathyroid hormone (PTH)-suppressing efficacy]. Hypercalcemia leads to the need for frequent drug dose titration and serum calcium (Ca) monitoring. A VDRM with a wider therapeutic index and beneficial CV effects will be clinically useful. METHODS Two structurally similar VDRMs were tested in the 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats with elevated PTH, endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. RESULTS VS-110 and VS-411 at 0.01-1 μg/kg (i.p. 3 times/week for 2 weeks) suppressed serum PTH effectively. VS-411 raised serum Ca with an 11% increase at 0.01 μg/kg (therapeutic index = ~1-fold), while VS-110 did not raise serum Ca even at 1 μg/kg (therapeutic index >50-fold). VS-110 improved endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced left ventricular fibrosis without affecting serum Ca. VS-411 also exhibited effects on the CV parameters, but was less potent at the high doses with severe hypercalcemia. VS-110 and VS-411 specifically activated the reporter gene via a chimeric receptor containing the VDR ligand binding domain with EC(50) <0.1 nM. CONCLUSIONS Structurally similar VDRMs can exhibit distinctly different hypercalcemic effects in 5/6 NX uremic rats. While differences exist for the Ca and CV effects of VS-110 and VS-411, the clinical implications are unclear. VS-110's results are promising but clinical outcome studies need to be performed.
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Kawai M, Minami Y, Nishino Y, Ohuchi N, Kakugawa Y. Abstract P6-07-27: Body mass index and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in Japanese women. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p6-07-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Body mass index (BMI) may be an important factor affecting breast cancer outcome. Studies conducted mainly in Western countries have reported a relationship between higher BMI and a higher risk of all-cause death or breast cancer-specific death among women with breast cancer, but only a few studies have been reported in Japan so far. In the present prospective study, we investigated the associations between BMI and the risk of all-cause and breast cancer-specific death among breast cancer patients overall and by menopausal status and hormone receptor status.
Methods: The study included 653 breast cancer patients admitted to a single hospital in Japan, between 1997 and 2005. BMI was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The patients were completely followed up until December, 2008. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to quartile points of BMI categories, respectively: <21.2, ≥21.2 to <23.3 (reference), ≥23.3 to <25.8 and ≥25.8 kg/m2.
Results: During the follow-up period, 136 all-cause and 108 breast cancer-specific deaths were observed. After adjustment for clinical and confounding factors, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (HR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.01–6.78 for BMI ≥25.8 vs. ≥21.2 to <23.3 kg/m2) among premenopausal patients. According to hormonal receptor status, BMI ≥25.8 kg/m2 was associated with breast cancer-specific death (HR = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.05–23.35) and BMI <21.2 kg/m2 was associated with all-cause (HR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.09–7.77) and breast cancer-specific death (HR = 7.23; 95% CI: 1.57–33.34) among patients with ER+ or PgR+ tumors. Analysis by hormonal receptor status also showed a positive association between BMI and mortality risk among patients with ER+ or PgR+ tumors and with BMI ≥21.2 kg/m2 (p for trend: 0.02 and 0.031 for all-cause and breast cancer-specific death, respectively).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that both higher BMI and lower BMI are associated with an increased risk of mortality, especially among premenopausal patients or among patients with hormonal receptor positive tumors. Breast cancer patients should be informed of the potential importance of maintaining an appropriate body weight after they have been diagnosed.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-27.
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Kawai M, Aida H, Hiraga A, Miyata H. Muscle satellite cells are activated after exercise to exhaustion in Thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J 2012. [PMID: 23206314 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Although satellite cells are well known as muscle stem cells capable of adding myonuclei during muscle repair and hypertrophy, the response of satellite cells in horse muscles to a run to exhaustion is still unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the time course of satellite cell activation in Thoroughbred horse muscle after running to exhaustion. We hypothesised that this type of intense exercise would induce satellite cell activation in skeletal muscle similar to a resistance exercise. METHODS Nine de-trained Thoroughbred horses (6 geldings and 3 mares) aged 3-6 years were studied. Biopsy samples were taken from the gluteus medius muscle of the horses before and 1 min, 3 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks after a treadmill run to exhaustion. The numbers of satellite cells for each fibre type were determined by using immunofluorescence staining. Total RNA was extracted from these samples, and the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, paired box transcriptional factor (Pax) 7, myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), myogenin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA were analysed using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS The numbers of satellite cells were significantly increased in type I and IIa fibres at 1 week and in type IIa/x fibre at 2 weeks post exercise. The expression of IL-6 mRNA increased significantly by 3 h post exercise. The expression of PCNA mRNA also increased by 1 day after running, indicating that running can initiate satellite cell proliferation. The expression of Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, IGF-I and HGF mRNA peaked at 1 week post exercise. CONCLUSION Satellite cell activation and proliferation could be enhanced after a run to exhaustion without detectable injury as assessed by the histochemical analysis. Understanding the response of satellite cell activation to running exercise provides fundamental information about the skeletal muscle adaptation in Thoroughbred horses.
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Kawai M, Purwanti IF, Nagao N, Slamet A, Hermana J, Toda T. Seasonal variation in chemical properties and degradability by anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate at Benowo in Surabaya, Indonesia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 110:267-75. [PMID: 22813759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in the physical and chemical characteristics of leachate taken from Benowo landfill in Indonesia, including factors likely to inhibit anaerobic digestion, were investigated to determine the impacts on the stability of anaerobic treatment. To evaluate the biodegradability of the leachate, a continuous experiment was conducted by changing the organic loading rate (OLR). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged between 2621 and 16,832 mg L(-1), and COD in the dry season was twice the level in the rainy season owing to reduced rainwater input and significant evaporation. COD, pH, and the concentrations of ammonium ion, and metals in the leachate were within acceptable ranges for decomposition by anaerobic digestion. However, the Na(+) and Cl(-) in the leachate are high enough to inhibit anaerobic digestion. From chemical investigation of leachate at six monitoring wells in Benowo, food waste accumulation and seawater intrusion might cause high salinity in the leachate. In the continuous experiment, COD removal efficiency was maintained at 40% regardless of OLR, suggesting that at least 40% of the leachate contained biodegradable substances. Based on these results, issues surrounding the biological treatment of saline and refractory substances in landfill leachate were discussed. It is suggested that high salinity and refractory substances in the leachate are common issues during the leachate treatment by anaerobic digestion as the implications for similar landfills in other countries around the world.
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Ogata K, Suzuki M, Yatabe K, Shigeyama T, Honma Y, Momma K, Noju A, Takata M, Tanaka Y, Nagata K, Nonaka I, Tamura T, Kawai M. G.P.105 Main symptoms at onset and chief complaints at the first visit to clinic of myotonic dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Osteoporosis and obesity are chronic disorders that are both increasing in prevalence. The pathophysiology of these conditions is multifactorial and includes genetic, environmental and hormonal determinants. Although it has long been considered that these are distinct disorders rarely found in the same individual, emerging evidence from basic and clinical studies support an important interaction between adipose tissue and the skeleton. It is proposed that adiposity may influence bone remodelling through three mechanisms: (i) secretion of cytokines that directly target bone, (ii) production of adipokines that influence the central nervous system thereby changing sympathetic impulses to bone and (iii) paracrine influences on adjacent skeletal cells. Here we focus on the current understanding of bone-fat interactions and the clinical implications of recent studies linking obesity to osteoporosis.
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Kimura E, Nakamura H, Hayashi Y, Mori M, Komaki H, Nishino I, Kawai M, Takeda S. S.P.38 Infrastructure for new drug development to treat muscular dystrophy – Current status of patient registration in japan: REMUDY. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bae Y, Park Y, Kim J, Han W, Kwak S, Chang Y, Park H, Song N, Yang H, Yoon S, Jeon Y, Hahn S, Lee S, Ko W, England A, Kim W, Oh Y, Kwak J, Kwon M, Chang D, Jeong S, Kim T, Oh B, Jin J, In S, Lee K, Chang D, Watanabe K, Dairaku M, Tobari H, Kashiwagi M, Hanada M, Inoue T, Ikeda Y, Kawai M, Komata M, Mogaki K, Usui K, Yamamoto T, Matsuoka M, Nagaoka K, Grisham L. Commissioning of the first KSTAR neutral beam injection system and beam experiments. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dulay M, Havins W, Agbayani K, Travis Seidl J, Karmonik C, Xue Z, Verma A, Kawai M, Grossman R. Brain Imaging Correlates and Executive Impairments in Individuals with Epilepsy and Comorbid Major Depression (PD3.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd3.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dulay M, Havins W, Agbayani K, Travis Seidl J, Karmonik C, Xue Z, Verma A, Kawai M, Grossman R. Brain Imaging Correlates and Executive Impairments in Individuals with Epilepsy and Comorbid Major Depression (IN4-1.007). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in4-1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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