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Heinonen R, Luoto R, Lindfors P, Nygård CH. Usability and feasibility of mobile phone diaries in an experimental physical exercise study. Telemed J E Health 2012; 18:115-9. [PMID: 22283356 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wireless and mobile phone technology as a method of data collection will increase alongside conventional methods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of a mobile phone application for recording symptoms and physical activity exertion during an experimental physical exercise study. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental study on the effects of physical exercise on the well-being of menopausal women included 158 subjects between 44 and 63 years of age. The women were randomized into intervention and control groups. All participants in both groups reported daily symptoms by responding to morning and evening questionnaires via mobile phones. The usability of the mobile phone as a data collector tool was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire 2 months after the intervention. The feasibility evaluation was based on the frequency of responses and open questions. RESULTS The response rates were about 70% to both morning and evening questionnaires. The average frequency of responses (n =158) to morning questionnaires was 125 (±40)/170 (±14) and to evening questionnaires was 118 (±40)/171 (±14). The response rate did not differ between the intervention and the control groups. The SUS score was on average 75.4 (range, 0-100; n =107). CONCLUSION A mobile phone diary is a feasible and usable tool for data collection in clinical trials.
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Moilanen JM, Aalto AM, Raitanen J, Hemminki E, Aro AR, Luoto R. Physical activity and change in quality of life during menopause--an 8-year follow-up study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012; 10:8. [PMID: 22269072 PMCID: PMC3311608 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The aim of this study was to study the role of menopausal status and physical activity on quality of life. Methods A total of 1,165 Finnish women aged 45-64 years from a national representative population-based study were followed up for 8 years. Study participants completed the Health 2000 study questionnaire and follow-up questionnaire in 2008. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to measure the effect of menopausal status on global quality of life (QoL). Other variables included in the analyses were age, education, change of physical activity as assessed with metabolic equivalents, change of weight and hormone therapy (HRT) use. Results Peri- and postmenopausal women increased their physical activity (28% and 27%) during the eight-year follow up period slightly more often than premenopausal (18%) women (p = 0.070). Menopausal status was not significantly correlated with change of QoL. QoL of the most highly educated women was more likely to improve than among the less educated (eb = 1.28, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.51 p = 0.002). Women whose physical activity increased or remained stable had greater chances for improved QoL than women whose physical activity decreased (eb = 1.49, 95%CI 1.23 p < 0.001 to 1.80, eb = 1.46, 95%CI 1.24 to 1.73 p < 0.001 respectively). Women whose weight remained stable during follow-up also improved their QoL compared to women who gained weight (eb = 1.26, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.50 p > 0.01). Women who had never used HRT had 1.26 greater odds for improved QoL (95%CI 1.02 to 1.56 p = < 0.05). Conclusion Improvement of global QoL is correlated with stable or increased physical activity, stable weight and high education, but not with change in menopausal status.
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Luoto R. [Publication bias--the Achilles' heel of medical research]. DUODECIM; LAAKETIETEELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 2012; 128:489-496. [PMID: 22486064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Overestimation of results that are positive or meet the expectations may lead to biased information and have an influence on treatment practices. Compared with positive research results, the publication delay of negative results may be longer by up to several years. The file drawer effect, grey literature, selective publication of results along with commercial interests or lack thereof also influence the selection of publications. Publication bias can be reduced by registering studies in databases, by agreeing upon rights to the results and by favoring open peer review.
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Helin A, Kinnunen TI, Raitanen J, Ahonen S, Virtanen SM, Luoto R. Iron intake, haemoglobin and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001730. [PMID: 23015603 PMCID: PMC3467630 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible association between total daily iron intake during pregnancy, haemoglobin in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women at increased risk of GDM. DESIGN A prospective cohort study (based on a cluster-randomised controlled trial, where the intervention and the usual care groups were combined). SETTING Primary healthcare maternity clinics in 14 municipalities in south-western Finland. PARTICIPANTS 399 Pregnant women who were at increased risk of GDM participated in a GDM prevention trial and were followed throughout pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The main outcome was GDM diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test at 26-28 weeks' gestation or based on a diagnosis recorded in the Finnish Medical Birth registry. Data on iron intake was collected using a 181-item food frequency questionnaire and separate questions for supplement use at 26-28 weeks' gestation. RESULTS GDM was diagnosed in 72 women (18.1%) in the study population. The OR for total iron intake as a continuous variable was 1.006 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.011; p=0.038) after adjustment for body mass index, age, diabetes in first-degree or second-degree relatives, GDM or macrosomia in earlier pregnancy, total energy intake, dietary fibre, saturated fatty acids and total gestational weight gain. Women in the highest fifth of total daily iron intake had an adjusted OR of 1.66 (95% CI 0.84 to 3.30; p=0.15) for GDM. After excluding participants with low haemoglobin levels (≤120 g/l) already in early pregnancy the adjusted OR was 2.35 (95% CI 1.13 to 4.92; p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high iron intake during pregnancy increases the risk of GDM especially in women who are not anaemic in early pregnancy and who are at increased risk of GDM. These findings suggest that routine iron supplementation should be reconsidered in this risk group of women.
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Mustila T, Raitanen J, Keskinen P, Saari A, Luoto R. Lifestyle counselling targeting infant's mother during the child's first year and offspring weight development until 4 years of age: a follow-up study of a cluster RCT. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e000624. [PMID: 22307101 PMCID: PMC3274719 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of intensified lifestyle counselling targeting infants' mothers on offspring weight development during the first 4 years of life. DESIGN AND SETTING Follow-up of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in primary care child health clinics during 2004-2006 in Finland. Participants received a follow-up survey during 2010 concerning weight and height measurements of their offspring. Number of clusters was six and the response rate to the follow-up 71.9% (N=64/89). PARTICIPANTS The participants (N=89) were mothers of infants aged 2-10 months. INTERVENTION The intervention included individual counselling on diet and physical activity when the infant was 2-10 months of age and an option to attend supervised group exercise sessions. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The authors analysed the secondary outcome of the intervention study: the weight development of the offspring. The primary outcome was the proportion of women returning to their prepregnancy weight by 10 months post partum, reported earlier. RESULTS Multilevel mixed effect non-linear regression models included group, age of the child and interaction between group and age of the child. The increase of BMI z-score between 24 and 48 months was slower among the intervention group offspring (-0.034 to -0.002, p=0.028) as compared with control group. Z-scores for weight-for-length/height did not differ between groups when the period 0-48 months was analysed (p=0.23) but for the period of 24-48 months, between-group differences were significant (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle counselling targeting mothers during the child's first year may be effective in slowing offspring weight gain until 4 years of age. However, larger studies are needed to confirm the findings which may have the potential in combatting the obesity epidemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21512277.
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Toffol E, Heikinheimo O, Koponen P, Luoto R, Partonen T. Hormonal contraception and mental health: results of a population-based study. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:3085-93. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Luoto R, Kinnunen T, Aittasalo M, Kolu P, Raitanen J, Ojala KA, Mansikkamaki K, Lamberg S, Vasankari T, Komulainen T, Tulokas S. O2-4.5 Prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and newborn's high birthweight by lifestyle counselling -a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976a.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kolu P, Raitanen J, Luoto R. Cost of gestational diabetes-related antenatal visits in health care based on the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Prim Care Diabetes 2011; 5:139-141. [PMID: 21292576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate frequency and costs of antenatal health care visits related to risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) using Birth Register. Costs among all GDM risk groups were 10-41% larger than non-risk groups. Primary health care is needed to reduce special health care costs related to GDM.
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Luoto R, Kinnunen TI, Aittasalo M, Kolu P, Raitanen J, Ojala K, Mansikkamäki K, Lamberg S, Vasankari T, Komulainen T, Tulokas S. Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and large-for-gestational-age newborns by lifestyle counseling: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001036. [PMID: 21610860 PMCID: PMC3096610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to examine whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or newborns' high birthweight can be prevented by lifestyle counseling in pregnant women at high risk of GDM. METHOD AND FINDINGS We conducted a cluster-randomized trial, the NELLI study, in 14 municipalities in Finland, where 2,271 women were screened by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 8-12 wk gestation. Euglycemic (n = 399) women with at least one GDM risk factor (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m(2), glucose intolerance or newborn's macrosomia (≥ 4,500 g) in any earlier pregnancy, family history of diabetes, age ≥ 40 y) were included. The intervention included individual intensified counseling on physical activity and diet and weight gain at five antenatal visits. Primary outcomes were incidence of GDM as assessed by OGTT (maternal outcome) and newborns' birthweight adjusted for gestational age (neonatal outcome). Secondary outcomes were maternal weight gain and the need for insulin treatment during pregnancy. Adherence to the intervention was evaluated on the basis of changes in physical activity (weekly metabolic equivalent task (MET) minutes) and diet (intake of total fat, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, saccharose, and fiber). Multilevel analyses took into account cluster, maternity clinic, and nurse level influences in addition to age, education, parity, and prepregnancy BMI. 15.8% (34/216) of women in the intervention group and 12.4% (22/179) in the usual care group developed GDM (absolute effect size 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-2.62, p = 0.36). Neonatal birthweight was lower in the intervention than in the usual care group (absolute effect size -133 g, 95% CI -231 to -35, p = 0.008) as was proportion of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns (26/216, 12.1% versus 34/179, 19.7%, p = 0.042). Women in the intervention group increased their intake of dietary fiber (adjusted coefficient 1.83, 95% CI 0.30-3.25, p = 0.023) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (adjusted coefficient 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.57, p < 0.001), decreased their intake of saturated fatty acids (adjusted coefficient -0.63, 95% CI -1.12 to -0.15, p = 0.01) and intake of saccharose (adjusted coefficient -0.83, 95% CI -1.55 to -0.11, p = 0.023), and had a tendency to a smaller decrease in MET minutes/week for at least moderate intensity activity (adjusted coefficient 91, 95% CI -37 to 219, p = 0.17) than women in the usual care group. In subgroup analysis, adherent women in the intervention group (n = 55/229) had decreased risk of GDM (27.3% versus 33.0%, p = 0.43) and LGA newborns (7.3% versus 19.5%, p = 0.03) compared to women in the usual care group. CONCLUSIONS The intervention was effective in controlling birthweight of the newborns, but failed to have an effect on maternal GDM. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN33885819. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Lamberg S, Raitanen J, Rissanen P, Luoto R. Prevalence and regional differences of gestational diabetes mellitus and oral glucose tolerance tests in Finland. Eur J Public Health 2010; 22:278-80. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Luoto R, Kharazmi E, Saarinen NM, Smeds AI, Mäkelä S, Fallah M, Raitanen J, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Effect of dietary intervention on serum lignan levels in pregnant women - a controlled trial. Reprod Health 2010; 7:26. [PMID: 20932282 PMCID: PMC2958873 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mother's diet during pregnancy is important, since plant lignans and their metabolites, converted by the intestinal microflora to enterolignans, are proposed to possess multiple health benefits. Aim of our study was to investigate whether a dietary intervention affects lignan concentrations in the serum of pregnant women. Methods A controlled dietary intervention trial including 105 first-time pregnant women was conducted in three intervention and three control maternity health clinics. The intervention included individual counseling on diet and on physical activity, while the controls received conventional care. Blood samples were collected on gestation weeks 8-9 (baseline) and 36-37 (end of intervention). The serum levels of the plant lignans 7-hydroxymatairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, cyclolariciresinol, and pinoresinol, and of the enterolignans 7-hydroxyenterolactone, enterodiol, and enterolactone, were measured using a validated method. Results The baseline levels of enterolactone, enterodiol and the sum of lignans were higher in the control group, whereas at the end of the trial their levels were higher in the intervention group. The adjusted mean differences between the baseline and end of the intervention for enterolactone and the total lignan intake were 1.6 ng/ml (p = 0.018, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and 1.4 ng/mg (p = 0.08, 95% CI 1.0-1.9) higher in the intervention group than in the controls. Further adjustment for dietary components did not change these associations. Conclusion The dietary intervention was successful in increasing the intake of lignan-rich food products, the fiber consumption and consequently the plasma levels of lignans in pregnant women. Trial registration ISRCTN21512277, http://www.isrctn.org
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Penttinen HM, Saarto T, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Blomqvist C, Huovinen R, Kautiainen H, Järvenpää S, Nikander R, Idman I, Luoto R, Sievänen H, Utriainen M, Vehmanen L, Jääskeläinen AS, Elme A, Ruohola J, Luoma M, Hakamies-Blomqvist L. Quality of life and physical performance and activity of breast cancer patients after adjuvant treatments. Psychooncology 2010; 20:1211-20. [PMID: 20878646 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed at investigating the quality of life (QoL) and physical performance and activity, and their interrelations, in Finnish female breast cancer patients shortly after adjuvant treatments. METHODS A total of 537 disease-free breast cancer survivors aged 35-68 years were surveyed at the beginning of a one year randomized exercise intervention. The patients were interviewed using EORTC QLQ-C30, FACIT-F, RBDI, and WHQ (for vasomotor symptoms) questionnaires. Physical performance was tested by a 2 km walking test. Physical activity was measured by a questionnaire and a prospective two-week diary. Multivariate analysis was used to study the factors associated with QoL. RESULTS About 26% of the patients were rated as depressed, 20.4% as fatigued, and 82% suffered from menopausal symptoms. The global QoL was lower than in general population (69.4 vs 74.7, p<0.001). About 62% of the walking test results were below the population average. Fatigue (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), body mass index (p = 0.016) and comorbidity (p = 0.032) impaired, and physical activity (p = 0.003) improved QoL. Physical activity level correlated positively to physical performance (r = -0.274, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The QoL of the patients shortly after adjuvant treatments was impaired and the physical performance poor as compared to general population. In particular, depression and fatigue were related to impaired QoL. Physical performance and activity level were the only factors that correlated positively to QoL. Thus, physical exercise could be useful in rehabilitation of cancer survivors, especially for depressed and fatigued patients.
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Luoto R, Matomäki J, Isolauri E, Lehtonen L. Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight infants related to the use of Lactobacillus GG. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:1135-8. [PMID: 20219023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the five level III neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Finland has used prophylactic Lactobacillus GG (LGG) for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants since 1997. AIM To examine retrospectively the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in all five university hospital NICUs in Finland in relation to the use of LGG during the years each unit has belonged to the Vermont Oxford Network (VON). METHODS The incidence of NEC was analysed from the national database and from the VON databases separately in all five level III NICUs and additionally in three groups according to the probiotic practice in the hospitals: prophylactic LGG group, probiotics 'on demand' group and no probiotics group. RESULTS The incidence of NEC was 4.6% vs. 3.3% vs. 1.8% in the prophylactic LGG group, the no probiotics group and the probiotics 'on demand' group [corrected] respectively; p = 0.0090, chi-square. LGG had no influence on the clinical course of NEC. CONCLUSIONS The results of this retrospective report failed to show that LGG prophylaxis protects VLBW infants from the occurrence of NEC, in contrast to previously published results. Our results call for more research regarding effective ways to administer probiotics, including data on appropriate bacteria, strain, dose and timing of administration to achieve clinically robust effects.
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MESH Headings
- Databases, Factual
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/epidemiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Finland/epidemiology
- Hospitals, University
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
- Probiotics/therapeutic use
- Retrospective Studies
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Revonta M, Raitanen J, Sihvo S, Koponen P, Klemetti R, Männistö S, Luoto R. Health and life style among infertile men and women. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2010; 1:91-8. [PMID: 21122604 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifetime prevalence of infertility among couples is approximately 10-15%, but studies addressing their health behavior are few. Our aim was to describe health and life style of Finnish men and women who had experienced infertility. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Finland. POPULATION AND METHODS Data from a population-based survey (n=7021) was utilized. Life style of infertile men (n=289) and women (n=155) were compared to other men and fertile women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Life style (dietary factors, use of alcohol, physical activity), reproductive factors, other diseases and symptoms. RESULTS After adjusting for age, area and education, infertile women under 50 years consumed more polyunsaturated fat (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.46), less saturated fat (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.92) and had experienced more hangovers during previous year (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05) than fertile women. Infertile men under 50 years consumed more total fat (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), polyunsaturated fat (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37) and monounsaturated fat (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.28) compared to other men. Infertile men did not consume more alcohol nor smoke more cigarettes but reported more often allergies than fertile men. Infertile women also had Chlamydia trachomatis infection, benign tumor in their uterus and intestinal disease more often than fertile women. Infertile women over 50 years were more often current smokers than fertile women, but the differences in other age-groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Women with infertility experience reported more diseases and less use of oral contraceptives than other women, possibly reflecting reasons to infertility. Since both infertility and unhealthy use of alcohol are an increasing public health issues in western societies, more attention should be paid towards life style, especially alcohol use of infertile women.
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Yli-Kuha AN, Gissler M, Klemetti R, Luoto R, Koivisto E, Hemminki E. Psychiatric disorders leading to hospitalization before and after infertility treatments. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2018-23. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pakarinen M, Raitanen J, Kaaja R, Luoto R. Secular trend in the menopausal age in Finland 1997-2007 and correlation with socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle factors. Maturitas 2010; 66:417-22. [PMID: 20537824 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Only few studies have studied secular trend of menopausal age during last decade. The aim of our study is to analyze secular trend of menopausal age and to evaluate the role of socioeconomic, reproductive and lifestyle factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS National FINRISK Study sample from years 1997 and 2007 was utilized. The sample size for 1997 was 4193 and during 2007 was 4253 women. Covariance analysis included menopausal age as dependent variable and covariates (age, study year, education, occupation, parity, age at first birth, smoking, use of alcohol, physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio) as independent variables. RESULTS Median of menopausal age was 50 years in 1997 and 51 years in 2007. Differences in menopausal age by covariate were largest in smoking, education and occupation. Difference in mean menopausal age between smokers and non-smokers was larger in 2007 than in 1997 (p<0.001). Lowest educated women had lower average menopausal age during 2007 than higher educated women (p<0.001), but not in 1997. When including sociodemographic, reproductive and lifestyle factors in a model, smoking was significantly related to earlier and physical activity to later menopausal age. Study year was not significant in any model. CONCLUSION Education, smoking and physical activity have an important role in menopausal age determination when comparing 10-year differences in menopausal age.
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Luoto R, Kalliomäki M, Laitinen K, Isolauri E. The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1531-7. [PMID: 20231842 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The achievements in combating the increasing trend of overweight and obesity have thus far been inadequate. The recently discovered instrumental role of the gut microbiota in host metabolism may offer a novel target in the prevention and management of obesity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on childhood growth patterns and the development of overweight during a 10-year follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS Altogether 159 women were randomized and double-blinded to receive probiotics (1 × 10(10) colony-forming units of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53103) or placebo 4 weeks before expected delivery; the intervention extending for 6 months postnatally. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken at the ages of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and at 4, 7 and 10 years in 113 (72%) children. RESULTS The excessive weight gain was detected to be two-parted; the initial phase of excessive weight gain initiating during fetal period and continuing until 24-48 months of age and a second phase of excessive weight gain starting after the age of 24-48 months. The perinatal probiotic intervention appeared to moderate the initial phase of excessive weight gain, especially among children who later became overweight, but not the second phase of excessive weight gain, the impact being most pronounced at the age of 4 years (P=0.063, analysis of variance for repeated measures). The effect of intervention was also shown as a tendency to reduce the birth-weight-adjusted mean body mass index at the age of 4 years (P=0.080, analysis of covariance). CONCLUSIONS Early gut microbiota modulation with probiotics may modify the growth pattern of the child by restraining excessive weight gain during the first years of life. This novel observation calls for further epidemiological and clinical trials, with precise data on early growth patterns and on confounding factors influencing weight development.
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Kharazmi E, Fallah M, Luoto R. Miscarriage and risk of cardiovascular disease. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:284-8. [PMID: 19943820 DOI: 10.3109/00016340903380758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In a nationally representative sample (the Health 2000 Survey) comprising 3,937 Finnish women aged 30-99 years, we examined the association of miscarriage (assessed by questionnaire) with risk of cardiovascular disease (assessed by physician's examination and linkages to hospital discharge and drug reimbursement registers). We considered age, smoking, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, physical activity, education, number of previous pregnancies, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and cholesterol as potentially confounding factors in the analysis. In women 50-74 years of age who had experienced pregnancy, history of miscarriage tended to be associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-4.3), and the risk increased significantly with the number of miscarriages (age-adjusted OR per miscarriage: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). These results suggest that women who experience repeated miscarriages may be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Luoto R, Kharazmi E, Whitley E, Raitanen J, Gissler M, Hemminki E. Systolic Hypertension in Pregnancy and Cardiovascular Mortality: A 44-Year Follow-up Study. Hypertens Pregnancy 2009; 27:87-94. [DOI: 10.1080/10641950701826810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Luoto R. Hot flushes and quality of life during menopause. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19450250 PMCID: PMC2689180 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal health is important since this stage of life is not to be avoided. A recent article in BMC Women's Health from the Estonian Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy trial has concluded that quality of life is not related to hormonal therapy use. The commentary article discusses this finding and considers other factors related to symptoms and quality of life during menopause. Important factors known to affect hot flushes and quality of life are smoking and high body weight. Since both these factors are modifiable, menopause is a suitable area for health promotion. However, evidence concerning lifestyle changes in symptom relief or increase of quality of life is weak. More trials in this area are needed before women may consider non-pharmacological treatment of symptoms as a reliable option for menopausal symptom cure.
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Haukkamaa L, Moilanen L, Kattainen A, Luoto R, Kahonen M, Leinonen M, Jula A, Kesäniemi YA, Kaaja R. Pre-eclampsia is a risk factor of carotid artery atherosclerosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 27:599-607. [PMID: 19407443 DOI: 10.1159/000216834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of pre-eclampsia has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent coronary artery disease. The intima-media thickness of carotid arteries and the detection of plaques are useful measures as regards preclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether women with a history of pre-eclampsia more often show signs of atherosclerosis compared with 2 control groups. METHODS We used data from a large Finnish cross-sectional health examination survey. We had women with previous pre-eclampsia (n = 35) or pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 61) and 2 control groups. Laboratory tests and physical examination were performed. Information on reproductive and medical history was obtained at the home interview. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS The women with previous pre-eclampsia had significantly (p = 0.008) more atherosclerotic plaques than the healthy parous controls. The intima-media thickness in the women with previous pre-eclampsia also tended to be higher than in the other groups, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. In logistic regression analysis, advanced age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04-1.13; p < 0.001) and pre-eclampsia (OR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.50-8.79; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors as regards plaque, and in linear regression analysis advanced age (estimate: 0.012; 95% CI: 0.010-0.014; p < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (estimate: -0.049; 95% CI: -0.088 to -0.010; p = 0.013), systolic blood pressure, BMI (estimate: 0.005; 95% CI: 0.000-0.009; p = 0.043) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (estimate: -0.003; 95% CI: -0.007 to -0.000; p = 0.048) were independent risk factors with respect to intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that pre-eclampsia is an independent risk factor as regards developing plaque later in life.
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Penttinen H, Nikander R, Blomqvist C, Luoto R, Saarto T. Recruitment of breast cancer survivors into a 12-month supervised exercise intervention is feasible. Contemp Clin Trials 2009; 30:457-63. [PMID: 19394448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BREX study is one of the largest randomised prospective exercise interventions of breast cancer survivors which aims at investigate whether regular exercise could reduce the long-term side effects of the adjuvant treatments and improve quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was limited to consider patients aged 35-68 years, who had recently completed adjuvant chemotherapy or started endocrine therapy. In this paper, we describe the recruitment process of the 413 randomised patients from the Helsinki University Hospital between September 2005 and September 2007. RESULTS 768 potentially eligible patients out of the 1321 screened (via medical records) were contacted by phone. After the phone call 240 patients were excluded due to health problems that contraindicated exercise training. The most common health problems were musculoskeletal disorders. A total of 528 patients were considered as eligible for the intervention. Ultimately 413 of them agreed to participate resulting in a 53.8% recruitment rate of the potentially eligible patients. The most important reasons for declining were social, not health related. Eligible patients who did not want to participate did not differ significantly from those who participated according to age, health status, breast cancer treatment and tumour type. DISCUSSION The high recruitment rate demonstrates breast cancer patient's willingness to participate even in long-lasting supervised exercise programs shortly after adjuvant treatments. After taking into account the selection of the population by age and musculoskeletal health, the results of the present intervention can be generalized to represent urban breast cancer patient population in Finland.
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Yli-Kuha AN, Gissler M, Luoto R, Hemminki E. Success of infertility treatments in Finland in the period 1992-2005. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 144:54-8. [PMID: 19268432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to study the success rates of infertility treatments in the period 1992-2005 in public and private clinics. STUDY DESIGN Aggregate IVF statistics (1992-2005) and nationally representative cross-sectional survey (2002). RESULTS The success rates of infertility treatments remained stable, despite a substantial increase in single-embryo transfers. In 2005, the clinical pregnancy rate was 23/100 initiated cycles and a live birth rate of 17/100 cycles. The proportions of term singletons and singletons weighing at least 2500g improved over time and both rates were 14/100 in 2005. Pregnancy rates improved most among older women during the study period. The success rate in the private sector was significantly better than that in the public sector among women younger than 35 years. CONCLUSION The single-embryo policy has not decreased pregnancy and birth rates. The proportions of term singletons per initiated cycle and singletons weighing at least 2500g per initiated cycle have improved over time. The higher success rate in the private sector may be because of different clientele.
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Luoto R. [Planning of a questionnaire survey]. DUODECIM; LAAKETIETEELLINEN AIKAKAUSKIRJA 2009; 125:1647-1653. [PMID: 19769181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A questionnaire will prove most useful, when it has been tested, is reliable, felicitous, reproducible, technically sound, clear and when needed, identifiable. Sending, reception and storage of the form must also be planned beforehand in order to guarantee a good start for analyzing the results. Significant factors related to the answering to questionnaire surveys include written feedback received by the participants after the study, fees, brevity, readability, personality of the forms and statements in the covering letter of benefits gained by the study management and the society subsequent to answering.
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Aittasalo M, Pasanen M, Fogelholm M, Kinnunen TI, Ojala K, Luoto R. Physical activity counseling in maternity and child health care - a controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2008; 8:14. [PMID: 18702803 PMCID: PMC2527301 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study is to examine the effects and feasibility of individual physical activity (PA) counseling in maternity and child health clinics in Finland. METHODS Three clinics including both maternity and child health care signed up for the experimental (EXP) and three for the control group (CON). The participants were 132 pregnant and 92 postpartum primiparas. The nurses in EXP integrated a primary and four booster PA counseling sessions into routine visits. An option for supervised group exercise was offered. In CON former practices, usually including brief PA advice, were continued. Leisure-time PA (LTPA) prior to pregnancy was elicited by questionnaire and followed 16-18 and 36-37 weeks' gestation in maternity clinics and 5 and 10 months postpartum in child health clinics. Feasibility included safety, participant responsiveness, realization of counseling and applicability. RESULTS According to analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline LTPA and possible confounders, no relative between-group differences in LTPA were found at the first follow-up in either maternity or child health clinics. At the last follow-up in maternity clinics the weekly number of at least moderate-intensity LTPA days was 43% (95% CI: 9, 87) higher and the weekly duration of at least moderate-intensity LTPA 154% (95% CI: 16, 455) higher in EXP compared with CON. Counseling proved feasible in both maternity and child health clinics. CONCLUSION Counseling encouraged pregnant women to sustain their moderate-intensity LTPA and was feasible in routine practices. No effects were observed if counseling was initiated postpartum. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21512277.
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