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Shukla S, Méricq J, Belleville M, Hengl N, Benes N, Vankelecom I, Sanchez Marcano J. Process intensification by coupling the Joule effect with pervaporation and sweeping gas membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gidaro T, Moraux A, Grelet M, Gasnier E, Villeret M, Annoussamy M, Vissing J, Attarian S, Mozaffar T, Iyadurai S, Wagner K, Walker G, Richiardi A, Shukla S, Vissière D, Servais L. ActiMyo home monitoring in adult patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy in study ATYR 1940-C-004. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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53
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Bansal S, Hebert LE, Rhyne M, Yan S, Seth H, Shukla S, Menendez A, Gilliam M. The role of gender-based discrimination in shaping young men’s and women’s experience with adolescence in Uttar Pradesh, India. Contraception 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Krishna S, Shukla S, Lakra AD, Meeran SM, Siddiqi MI. Identification of potent inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) through a pharmacophore-based virtual screening approach. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 75:174-188. [PMID: 28582695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic change that results in the addition of a methyl group at the carbon-5 position of cytosine residues. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors can suppress tumour growth and have significant therapeutic value. However, the established inhibitors are limited in their application due to their substantial cytotoxicity. Additionally, the standard drugs for DNMT inhibition are non-selective cytosine analogues with considerable cytotoxic side-effects. In the present study, we have designed a workflow by integrating various ligand-based and structure-based approaches to discover new agents active against DNMT1. We have derived a pharmacophore model with the help of available DNMT1 inhibitors. Utilising this model, we performed the virtual screening of Maybridge chemical library and the identified hits were then subsequently filtered based on the Naïve Bayesian classification model. The molecules that have returned from this classification model were subjected to ensemble based docking. We have selected 10 molecules for the biological assay by inspecting the interactions portrayed by these molecules. Three out of the ten tested compounds have shown DNMT1 inhibitory activity. These compounds were also found to demonstrate potential inhibition of cellular proliferation in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. In the present study, we have utilized a multi-step virtual screening protocol to identify inhibitors of DNMT1, which offers a starting point to develop more potent DNMT1 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.
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Shukla S, Kini H, Ilias ML, Gautam K. Hydrops fetalis secondary to supradiaphragmatic extrapulmonary sequestration with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY OF NEPAL 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v7i1.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a hamartomatous lesion. A 30 year old woman, G2P1L1, in the 29th week of gestation presented with pain abdomen, chest pain, cough with expectoration, fever and inability to appreciate fetal movements of 2 days duration. Clinically, she had pneumonia. An ultrasound revealed a single fetus in breech presentation with features of hydrops fetalis, hypoplastic left lung, mediastinal shift to the left and poor diastolic and systolic flow in the umbilical artery.A still born male baby delivered subsequently was found at autopsy to have hydrops fetalis, supradiaphragmatic right sided extralobar sequestration with associated congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation.The right lung also showed congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. There were no other associated anomalies. We present a rare case of extralobar sequestrationwith congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation.
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Samanta A, Chandra J, Kaur R, Anand R, Shukla S, Mandal P. “Clinical profile and microbiological spectrum of Febrile neutropenic episodes in children with severe aplastic anemia: A single cente prospective study”. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kumar M, Anand R, Jain R, Shukla S, Bhatt C. Prenatal Diagnosis of Short Rib-Polydactyly Type II by Ultrasound in Three Consecutive Pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:620-622. [PMID: 27803525 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-016-0896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ilias LM, Anupama P, Gautam K, Shukla S, Pai MR, Babitha AM, Vijayan P, Sideeque NA, Saleem S, Umasankar P. Morphological changes in the Heart in unrelated deaths. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY OF NEPAL 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v6i12.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Indian subcontinent, they account for more than 25% of deaths. Numerous studies have been conducted on the cardiovascular system in cases of sudden death; but there has been a major neglect to study the heart in cases of people who died of unrelated causes.In the present study, we have attempted to study the CVS in detail in those individuals who died of unrelated causes and have tried to assess the prevelance of atherosclerosis, conduction system lesions, inflammatory and valvular pathologies in them.Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective one conducted from June 2007 to June 2009 in the department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The hearts of persons who died of unrelated causes were studied.Results: Various lesions encountered in the heart were coronary artery disease (70.58%), medial hyperplasia of SAnode (38.23%) and AV node (55.88%), chronic inflammation of the conduction system (55.88%) and calcification (11.76%). Malarial myocarditis was seen in 5.88% and pulmonary stenosis was seen in 2.94% of the cases. No cardiac pathology was detected in 5.88% cases.Conclusion: Our study highlights the prevelace of atherosclerotic changes and conduction system abnormalities in the general population. Hence, we conclude that examination of the CVS is extremely important in cases of sudden death; but it should also be made mandatory in unrelated deaths too, as it can diagnose a lot of hidden pathology.
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Mittal D, Joshi D, Shukla S. Toxicity mechanism targeted by herbal medicinal plants. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Macalou S, Robey RW, Jabor Gozzi G, Shukla S, Grosjean I, Hegedus T, Ambudkar SV, Bates SE, Di Pietro A. The linker region of breast cancer resistance protein ABCG2 is critical for coupling of ATP-dependent drug transport. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1927-37. [PMID: 26708291 PMCID: PMC7477947 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of class G display a different domain organisation than P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and bacterial homologues with a nucleotide-binding domain preceding the transmembrane domain. The linker region connecting these domains is unique and its function and structure cannot be predicted. Sequence analysis revealed that the human ABCG2 linker contains a LSGGE sequence, homologous to the canonical C-motif/ABC signature present in all ABC nucleotide-binding domains. Predictions of disorder and of secondary structures indicated that this C2-sequence was highly mobile and located between an α-helix and a loop similarly to the C-motif. Point mutations of the two first residues of the C2-sequence fully abolished the transport-coupled ATPase activity, and led to the complete loss of cell resistance to mitoxantrone. The interaction with potent, selective and non-competitive, ABCG2 inhibitors was also significantly altered upon mutation. These results suggest an important mechanistic role for the C2-sequence of the ABCG2 linker region in ATP binding and/or hydrolysis coupled to drug efflux.
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Shukla S, Sinha S, Khan S, Kumar S, Singh K, Mitra K, Maurya R, Meeran SM. Cucurbitacin B inhibits the stemness and metastatic abilities of NSCLC via downregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21860. [PMID: 26905250 PMCID: PMC4764833 DOI: 10.1038/srep21860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective anti-metastatic drugs creates a major hurdle for metastatic lung cancer therapy. For successful lung cancer treatment, there is a strong need of newer therapeutics with metastasis-inhibitory potential. In the present study, we determined the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic potential of a natural plant triterpenoid, Cucurbitacin B (CuB) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) both in vitro and in vivo. CuB demonstrated a strong anti-migratory and anti-invasive ability against metastatic NSCLC at nanomolar concentrations. CuB also showed significant tumor angiogenesis-inhibitory effects as evidenced by the inhibition of migratory, invasive and tube-forming capacities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CuB-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis was validated by the inhibition of pre-existing vasculature in chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane and matrigel plugs. Similarly, CuB inhibited the migratory behavior of TGF-β1-induced experimental EMT model. The CuB-mediated inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis was attributable to the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis, validated by siRNA-knockdown of Wnt3 and Wnt3a. The CuB-mediated downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was also validated using 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis model in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that CuB inhibited the metastatic abilities of NSCLC through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis.
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Epigenetic targets in cancer and aging: dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:689-703. [PMID: 26667209 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling the transcriptional activities of several genes. A growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported in the regulation of key genes involved in cancer and aging. Drugs with epigenetic modulatory activities, mainly histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, have received wider attention in aging and cancer research. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging, with special emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and interventions by dietary as well as bioactive phytochemicals. EXPERT OPINION Some epigenetic-targeting drugs have received FDA approval and many others are undergoing different phases of clinical trials for cancer therapy. In addition to the synthetic compounds, several bioactive phytochemicals and dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction, have been shown to possess epigenetic modulatory activities in multiple cancers. These epigenetic modulators have been shown to delay aging and minimize the risk of cancer both in preclinical as well as clinical models. Therefore, knowledge of bioactive phytochemicals along with dietary interventions can be utilized for cancer prevention and therapy both alone and with existing drugs to achieve optimum efficacy.
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Chaudhary RP, Ummethala G, Jaiswal A, Hawal S, Saxena S, Shukla S. One-step, subwavelength patterning of plasmonic gratings in metal–polymer composites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22604c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two photon patterning of sub-wavelength resolved metallic nanostructures using single photon absorbing photo initiator.
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Malhotra K, Kulshreshtha D, Shukla S, Husain N. ENL developing 10 years after leprosy treatment masquerading as atypical-mycobacterial infection. QJM 2015; 108:905-6. [PMID: 25660606 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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65
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Shukla S, Benes N, Vankelecom I, Méricq J, Belleville M, Hengl N, Marcano JS. Sweep gas membrane distillation in a membrane contactor with metallic hollow-fibers. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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66
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Centchroman altered the expressions of tumor-related genes through active chromatin modifications in mammary cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1747-1760. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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67
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Sinha S, Shukla S, Khan S, Farhan M, Kamal M, Meeran S. Telomeric Repeat Containing RNA (TERRA): Aging and Cancer. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2015; 14:936-46. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527314666150317230124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sinha S, Shukla S, Khan S, Tollefsbol TO, Meeran SM. Epigenetic reactivation of p21CIP1/WAF1 and KLOTHO by a combination of bioactive dietary supplements is partially ERα-dependent in ERα-negative human breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:102-14. [PMID: 25725373 PMCID: PMC5132185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Available treatment strategies against estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients are limited due to their poor response to hormonal therapy. We have shown previously that the combinations of green tea polyphenols (GTPs), a dietary DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, and sulforaphane (SFN), a dietary histone deacetylase inhibitor, reactivate ERα expression in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Here, we investigated the functional significance of ERα reactivation in the reactivation of silenced tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in ERα-negative human breast cancer cells. We found that the treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the combinations of GTPs and SFN leads to the reactivation of silenced TSGs such as p21(CIP1/WAF1) and KLOTHO through active chromatin modifications. Further, GTPs- and SFN-mediated reactivation of TSGs was, at least in part, dependent on ERα reactivation in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that a novel combination of bioactive dietary supplements could further be explored as an effective therapeutic option against hormonal refractory breast cancer.
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69
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Awaji A, Shaaban A, Shukla S, Bond J, Morrison E, Cookson V, Bell S. Evaluation of the role of MCPH1 and p53 expression in response to chemotherapy and subsequent survival in breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv117.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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70
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Dighe SU, Khan S, Soni I, Jain P, Shukla S, Yadav R, Sen P, Meeran SM, Batra S. Synthesis of β-Carboline-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Activities against Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3485-99. [PMID: 25835200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel β-carboline-based N-heterocyclic carbenes was prepared via Mannich reaction between methyl 1-(dimethoxymethyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate, formaldehyde, and primary amines. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity using human breast cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Three compounds, 3c, 3j, and 3h, were discovered to display IC50 less than 10 μM against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 h of treatment. Pharmacologically these compounds lead to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induction of cellular apoptosis by triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathway through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. At lower concentrations, these compounds also showed antimigratory and antiinvasive effects against highly metastatic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells via aberration of MAP-kinase signaling and by the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. However, these analogues lack in vivo effect in mouse model which may be attributed to their strong affinity to HSA that was investigated spectroscopically with compound 3h.
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71
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Das D, Shukla S. Macrodactyly. JOURNAL OF NEPAL PAEDIATRIC SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v34i3.11686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract not required.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(3):252-253 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i3.11686
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Ilias LM, Pai MR, Shukla S, Ponniah A, Gautam K, Vijayan P. Cardiac conduction system- A detailed study in 46 cases of sudden death. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY OF NEPAL 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i9.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the modern pandemic and is said to be responsible for a major chunk of sudden cardiac deaths. However, in few cases; especially among the young, conduction system abnormalities were found to be the cause of death with absence of significant coronary lesions. These days, examination of the cardiac conduction system during autopsy has been abandoned as it is said to be a time consuming process. The present study was undertaken to highlight the importance of examining the cardiac conduction system in all sudden death cases.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective one, conducted from June 2007 to June 2009 in the department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Forty six hearts of persons who died suddenly were studied.Results: Our study showed that even though atherosclerotic coronary lesions were the most common cause of sudden death, cardiac conduction defects also contributed to a significant number of cases; especially in the young. In our study of 46 cases; 6 cases showed only conduction system abnormalities. These were young adults who had died suddenly. The predominant lesion identified in them was fibromuscular dysplasia of the nodal arteries.Conclusion: A detailed examination of the coronaries and the cardiac conduction system should be made mandatory in all sudden death cases, especially in the young as they will help to throw some light into the cause of death.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 709-716
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73
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Shukla S, Khan S, Kumar S, Sinha S, Farhan M, Bora HK, Maurya R, Meeran SM. Cucurbitacin B Alters the Expression of Tumor-Related Genes by Epigenetic Modifications in NSCLC and Inhibits NNK-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:552-62. [PMID: 25813524 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents almost 85% of total diagnosed lung cancer. Studies have shown that combination of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is effective against various cancers, including lung cancer. However, optimizing the synergistic dose regime is very difficult and involves adverse side effects. Therefore, in this study, we have shown that cucurbitacin B (CuB), a single bioactive triterpenoid compound, inhibits both DNMTs and HDACs starting at a very low dose of 60 nmol/L in NSCLC H1299 cells. The CuB-mediated inhibition of DNMTs and HDACs in H1299 cells leads to the reactivation of key tumor suppressor genes (TSG) such as CDKN1A and CDKN2A, as well as downregulation of oncogenes c-MYC and K-RAS and key tumor promoter gene (TPG), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The upregulation of TSGs and downregulation of TPG were consistently correlated with the alterations in their promoter methylation and histone modifications. This altered expression of TPG and TSGs is, at least in part, responsible for the inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of cellular apoptosis in NSCLC. Furthermore, CuB treatment significantly inhibited the tumor incidence and multiplicity in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of hyperproliferation in the lung tissues. Together, our study provides new insight into the CuB-mediated epigenetic alterations and its chemotherapeutic effects on lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Southwestern
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/prevention & control
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Histone Deacetylases/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Nitrosamines/toxicity
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Shukla S, Domican K, Karan K, Bhattacharjee S, Secanell M. Analysis of Low Platinum Loading Thin Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Prepared by Inkjet Printing. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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75
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Babcook MA, Sramkoski RM, Fujioka H, Daneshgari F, Almasan A, Shukla S, Nanavaty RR, Gupta S. Combination simvastatin and metformin induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and Ripk1- and Ripk3-dependent necrosis in C4-2B osseous metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1536. [PMID: 25412314 PMCID: PMC4260755 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells acquire resistance to chemotherapy and apoptosis, in part, due to enhanced aerobic glycolysis and biomass production, known as the Warburg effect. We previously demonstrated that combination simvastatin (SIM) and metformin (MET) ameliorates critical Warburg effect-related metabolic aberrations of C4-2B cells, synergistically and significantly decreases CRPC cell viability and metastatic properties, with minimal effect on normal prostate epithelial cells, and inhibits primary prostate tumor growth, metastasis, and biochemical failure in an orthotopic model of metastatic CRPC, more effectively than docetaxel chemotherapy. Several modes of cell death activated by individual treatment of SIM or MET have been reported; however, the cell death process induced by combination SIM and MET treatment in metastatic CRPC cells remains unknown. This must be determined prior to advancing combination SIM and MET to clinical trial for metastatic CRPC. Treatment of C4-2B cells with combination 4 μM SIM and 2 mM MET (SIM+MET) led to significant G1-phase cell cycle arrest and decrease in the percentage of DNA-replicating cells in the S-phase by 24 h; arrest was sustained throughout the 96-h treatment. SIM+MET treatment led to enhanced autophagic flux in C4-2B cells by 72–96 h, ascertained by increased LC3B-II (further enhanced with lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine) and reduced Sequestosome-1 protein expression, significantly increased percentage of acidic vesicular organelle-positive cells, and increased autophagic structure accumulation assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Chloroquine, however, could not rescue CRPC cell viability, eliminating autophagic cell death; rather, autophagy was upregulated by C4-2B cells in attempt to withstand chemotherapy. Instead, SIM+MET treatment led to Ripk1- and Ripk3-dependent necrosis by 48–96 h, determined by propidium iodide-Annexin V flow cytometry, increase in Ripk1 and Ripk3 protein expression, necrosome formation, HMGB-1 extracellular release, and necrotic induction and viability rescue with necrostatin-1 and Ripk3-targeting siRNA. The necrosis-inducing capacity of SIM+MET may make these drugs a highly-effective treatment for apoptosis- and chemotherapy-resistant metastatic CRPC cells.
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