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Kang SJ, Ahn S, Kim JB, Schenck C, Hiszpanski AM, Oh S, Schiros T, Loo YL, Nuckolls C. Correction to “Using Self-Organization To Control Morphology in Molecular Photovoltaics”. J Am Chem Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404333z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kang SJ, Kim JB, Chiu CY, Ahn S, Schiros T, Lee SS, Yager KG, Toney MF, Loo YL, Nuckolls C. Corrigendum: A Supramolecular Complex in Small-Molecule Solar Cells based on Contorted Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kang SJ, Kim JB, Chiu CY, Ahn S, Schiros T, Lee SS, Yager KG, Toney MF, Loo YL, Nuckolls C. Berichtigung: A Supramolecular Complex in Small-Molecule Solar Cells based on Contorted Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xiao S, Kang SJ, Zhong Y, Zhang S, Scott AM, Moscatelli A, Turro NJ, Steigerwald ML, Li H, Nuckolls C. Controlled Doping in Thin-Film Transistors of Large Contorted Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xiao S, Kang SJ, Zhong Y, Zhang S, Scott AM, Moscatelli A, Turro NJ, Steigerwald ML, Li H, Nuckolls C. Controlled Doping in Thin-Film Transistors of Large Contorted Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4558-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kang SJ, Ahn S, Kim JB, Schenck C, Hiszpanski AM, Oh S, Schiros T, Loo YL, Nuckolls C. Using Self-Organization To Control Morphology in Molecular Photovoltaics. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2207-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308628z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xiao S, Kang SJ, Wu Y, Ahn S, Kim JB, Loo YL, Siegrist T, Steigerwald ML, Li H, Nuckolls C. Supersized contorted aromatics. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kang SJ, Kim JB, Chiu C, Ahn S, Schiros T, Lee SS, Yager KG, Toney MF, Loo Y, Nuckolls C. A Supramolecular Complex in Small‐Molecule Solar Cells based on Contorted Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kang SJ, Kim JB, Chiu C, Ahn S, Schiros T, Lee SS, Yager KG, Toney MF, Loo Y, Nuckolls C. A Supramolecular Complex in Small‐Molecule Solar Cells based on Contorted Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8594-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kim YS, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Kim KY, Lee HS, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Polycan, a β-glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:800-10. [PMID: 22780690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β-glucan, has a protective effect on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect. RESULTS Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen-fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement-induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.
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Chase DT, Fix AG, Kang SJ, Rose BD, Weber CD, Zhong Y, Zakharov LN, Lonergan MC, Nuckolls C, Haley MM. 6,12-Diarylindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes: Syntheses, Photophysics, and Ambipolar OFETs. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10349-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303402p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shin YJ, Kim RH, Jung HJ, Kang SJ, Park YJ, Bae I, Park C. Compression of cross-linked poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) films for facile ferroelectric polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4736-4743. [PMID: 22070130 DOI: 10.1021/am201202w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated a facile route for enhancing the ferroelectric polarization of a chemically cross-linked poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) film. Our method is based on thermally induced cross-linking of a PVDF-TrFE film with a 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (THDA) agent under compression. The remanent polarization (P(r)) of a metal/ferroelectric/metal capacitor containing a cross-linked PVDF-TrFE film increased with pressure up to a certain value, whereas no change in the P(r) value was observed in the absence of THDA. A film cross-linked with 10 wt % THDA with respect to PVDF-TrFE under a pressure of 100 kPa exhibited a P(r) of approximately 5.61 μC/cm(2), which is 1.6 times higher than that in the absence of pressure. The enhanced ferroelectric polarization was attributed to highly ordered 20-nm-thick edge-on crystalline lamellae whose c-axes are aligned parallel to the substrate. The lamellae were effective for ferroelectric switching of the PVDF-TrFE when a cross-linked film was recrystallized under pressure. Furthermore, compression of a PVDF-TrFE film with a topographically prepatterned poly(dimethyl siloxane) mold gave rise to a chemically cross-linked micropattern in which edge-on crystalline lamellae were globally oriented over a very large area.
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Kang SJ, Kim B, Kim KS, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Lee GH, Hone J, Kim P, Nuckolls C. Inking elastomeric stamps with micro-patterned, single layer graphene to create high-performance OFETs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3531-3535. [PMID: 21728192 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Bae I, Kang SJ, Shin YJ, Park YJ, Kim RH, Mathevet F, Park C. Tailored single crystals of triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene by selective contact evaporation printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3398-3402. [PMID: 21681983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Kim JE, Choi KH, Kang SJ, Seo EJ, Park CK, Cho BK, Kang H. Angiosarcoma mimicking cutis verticis gyrata. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:806-8. [PMID: 21507034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sung J, Choi YS, Kang SJ, Cho SH, Lee TW, Park C. AC field-induced polymer electroluminescence with single wall carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:966-972. [PMID: 21280640 DOI: 10.1021/nl103458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high-performance field-induced polymer electroluminescence (FPEL) device consisting of four stacked layers: a top metal electrode/thin solution-processed nanocomposite film of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and a fluorescent polymer/insulator/transparent bottom electrode working under an alternating current (AC) electric field. A small amount of SWNTs that were highly dispersed in the fluorescent polymer matrix by a conjugate block copolymer dispersant significantly enhanced EL, and we were able to realize an SWNT-FPEL device with a light emission of approximately 350 cd/m(2) at an applied voltage of ±25 V and an AC frequency of 300 kHz. The brightness of the SWNT-FPEL device is much greater than those of other AC-based organic or even inorganic ELs that generally require at least a few hundred volts. Light is emitted from our SWNT-FPEL device because of the sequential injection of field-induced holes and then electron carriers through ambipolar carbon nanotubes under an AC field, followed by exciton formation in the conjugated organic layer. Field-induced bipolar charge injection provides great material design freedom for our devices; the energy level does not have to be aligned between the electrode and the emission layer, and the balance of the carrier injected and transported can be altered in contrast to that in conventional organic light-emitting diodes, leading to an extremely cost-effective and unified device architecture that is applicable to all red-green-blue fluorescent polymers.
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Shin YJ, Kang SJ, Jung HJ, Park YJ, Bae I, Choi DH, Park C. Chemically cross-linked thin poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)films for nonvolatile ferroelectric polymer memory. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:582-589. [PMID: 21302914 DOI: 10.1021/am1011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Both chemically and electrically robust ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) films were developed by spin-coating and subsequent thermal annealing with the thermal cross-linking agent 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (THDA). Well-defined ferroelectric β crystalline domains were developed with THDA up to approximately 50 wt %, with respect to polymer concentration, resulting in characteristic ferroelectric hysteresis polarization-voltage loops in metal/cross-linked ferroelectric layer/metal capacitors with remnant polarization of approximately 4 μC/cm(2). Our chemically networked film allowed for facile stacking of a solution-processable organic semiconductor on top of the film, leading to a bottom-gate ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET). A low-voltage operating FeFET was realized with a networked PVDF-TrFE film, which had significantly reduced gate leakage current between the drain and gate electrodes. A solution-processed single crystalline tri-isopropylsilylethynyl pentacene FeFET with a chemically cross-linked PVDF-TrFE film showed reliable I-V hysteresis with source-drain ON/OFF current bistablility of 1 × 10(3) at a sweeping gate voltage of ±20 V. Furthermore, both thermal micro/nanoimprinting and transfer printing techniques were conveniently combined for micro/nanopatterning of chemically resistant cross-linked PVDF-TrFE films.
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Kang SJ, Bae I, Shin YJ, Park YJ, Huh J, Park SM, Kim HC, Park C. Nonvolatile polymer memory with nanoconfinement of ferroelectric crystals. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:138-44. [PMID: 21114332 DOI: 10.1021/nl103094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate significantly improved performance of a nonvolatile polymeric ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) memory using nanoscopic confinement of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) within self-assembled organosilicate (OS) lamellae. Periodic OS lamellae with 30 nm in width and 50 nm in periodicity were templated using block copolymer self-assembly. Confined crystallization of PVDF-TrFE not only significantly reduces gate leakage current but also facilitates ferroelectric polarization switching. These benefits are due to the elimination of structural defects and the development of an effective PVDF-TrFE crystal orientation through nanoconfinement. A bottom gate FeFET fabricated using a single-crystalline triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene channel and PVDF-TrFE/OS hybrid gate insulator shows characteristic source-drain current hysteresis that is fully saturated at a programming voltage of ±8 V with an ON/OFF current ratio and a data retention time of approximately 10(2) and 2 h, respectively.
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Kang SJ, Bae I, Choi JH, Park YJ, Jo PS, Kim Y, Kim KJ, Myoung JM, Kim E, Park C. Fabrication of micropatterned ferroelectric gamma poly(vinylidene fluoride) film for non-volatile polymer memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kang JH, Choi NK, Kang SJ, Yang SY, Ko HM, Jung JY, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim BY, Kim SH. Alendronate affects cartilage resorption by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:786-93. [PMID: 20432372 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of alendronate on the tibial proximal epiphyseal cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the cartilage. Alendronate was injected subcutaneously every other day in postnatal Day 1 Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the first injection. The effect of alendronate treatment for 10 days was demonstrated from the morphological change that the area of the secondary ossification center in the epiphysis was significantly smaller in the alendronate group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Strong immunoreactivity to VEGF was observed in the hypertrophied chondrocytes and some proliferating chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage at postnatal Day 5 and was decreased after the alendronate treatment for 5 days. Immunoreactivity was observed in not only hypertrophied cells but also the peripheral cartilaginous matrix adjacent to the vascular canals invading into the central portion of the cartilage at postnatal Day 7. This reactivity was also reduced considerably by the alendronate treatment for 7 days. The level of VEGF expression was reduced by the alendronate treatment at both the transcription and translation levels. However, the transcriptional level of the flt-1 and flk-1 receptors was relatively unaltered by the treatment. These results suggest that VEGF expression is required for vascular invasion into the developing cartilage and alendronate can affect its resorption by downregulating VEGF expression.
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Jung HJ, Chang J, Park YJ, Kang SJ, Lotz B, Huh J, Park C. Shear-Induced Ordering of Ferroelectric Crystals in Spin-Coated Thin Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Films. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900422n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim YK, Chin JH, Kang SJ, Jun IG, Song JG, Jeong SM, Park JY, Hwang GS. Association between central venous pressure and blood loss during hepatic resection in 984 living donors. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53:601-6. [PMID: 19419353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low central venous pressure (CVP) anesthesia has been used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy, the efficacy of this technique remains controversial. We therefore assessed the association between blood loss and CVP during hepatic resection, and examined significant determinants associated with intraoperative hemorrhage during hepatectomy in living donors. METHODS Between April 2004 and April 2008, 984 living donors who underwent a hepatic resection were assessed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between intraoperative blood loss and several variables including CVP. RESULTS The mean intraoperative blood loss was 691.3 +/- 365.5 ml. Only four donors required packed red blood cell transfusions (mean, 1.5 U). The mean duration of hepatic resection was 92.1 +/- 26.3 min. The mean, maximum, and minimum values of CVP measured during hepatectomy were 4.6 +/- 1.7, 5.3 +/- 1.8, and 4.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg, respectively, and were not significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss. On multivariate analysis, predictors of hemorrhage were liver fatty change, gender, and body weight, but none of the mean CVP, surgeons, anesthesiologists, anesthesia duration, resected liver volume, hepatectomy type, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, or body temperature were significant. CONCLUSIONS CVP during hepatic resection was not associated with intraoperative blood loss in living liver donors, suggesting that CVP may not be an important factor in predicting blood loss during hepatectomy in healthy subjects.
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Singh SR, Grossniklaus HE, Kang SJ, Edelhauser HF, Ambati BK, Kompella UB. Intravenous transferrin, RGD peptide and dual-targeted nanoparticles enhance anti-VEGF intraceptor gene delivery to laser-induced CNV. Gene Ther 2009; 16:645-59. [PMID: 19194480 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to loss of vision in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in adult population over 50 years old. In this study, we developed intravenously administered, nanoparticulate, targeted nonviral retinal gene delivery systems for the management of CNV. CNV was induced in Brown Norway rats using a 532 nm laser. We engineered transferrin, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide or dual-functionalized poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to target delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intraceptor plasmid to CNV lesions. Anti-VEGF intraceptor is the only intracellularly acting VEGF inhibitory modality. The results of the study show that nanoparticles allow targeted delivery to the neovascular eye but not the control eye on intravenous administration. Functionalizing the nanoparticle surface with transferrin, a linear RGD peptide or both increased the retinal delivery of nanoparticles and subsequently the intraceptor gene expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells, photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelial cells when compared to nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Most significantly, the CNV areas were significantly smaller in rats treated with functionalized nanoparticles as compared to the ones treated with vehicle or nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Thus, surface-functionalized nanoparticles allow targeted gene delivery to the neovascular eye on intravenous administration and inhibit the progression of laser-induced CNV in a rodent model.
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Park YJ, Kang SJ, Lotz B, Brinkmann M, Thierry A, Kim KJ, Park C. Ordered Ferroelectric PVDF−TrFE Thin Films by High Throughput Epitaxy for Nonvolatile Polymer Memory. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moon SY, Lee BH, Seo SW, Kang SJ, Na DL. Slow vertical saccades in the frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease. J Neurol 2008; 255:1337-43. [PMID: 18825435 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular motor abnormalities play an important role in differential diagnoses of Pick complex diseases. OBJECTIVES We evaluated how frequently supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment was observed in patients with frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). In addition, we tried to characterize their vertical saccadic abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with FTD-MND were recruited. Supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment on gross examination was defined as slow saccades with or without reduction in the final amplitude of the movement accompanied by intact oculocephalic reflex. We also recorded their saccades in 6 out of 11 patients using 2-dimensional videooculography (VOG). We measured the amplitude and peak velocity of each saccade. RESULTS On bedside examination, supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment was observed in 9 of 11 patients. One of the two remaining patients could not be evaluated due to poor cooperation and the other showed normal saccades. Five of nine patients with ocular abnormalities and one patient with normal saccade on gross examination underwent the VOG studies. The results showed that all the five patients with gross ocular abnormalities, compared with age-matched controls, had slowing of vertical saccades. Three out of five patients also showed slowing even in the large horizontal saccades. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that slow vertical saccades are common in FTDMND. FTD-MND could be another disease that affects vertical gaze among Pick complex disease. Future pathologic studies are needed to confirm the involvement of the burst neurons in the dorsal midbrain in patients with FTDMND.
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