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Tobias CR, Lippmann S, Pary R, Oropilla T, Embry CK. Alcoholism in the elderly. How to spot and treat a problem the patient wants to hide. Postgrad Med 1989; 86:67-70, 75-9. [PMID: 2780442 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1989.11704411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a disease that warrants a complete medical workup and vigorous intervention in all age-groups, including the elderly. Increased awareness of the problem, with early diagnosis and treatment, can reduce mortality and morbidity. Alcoholics are at risk for relapse, so physicians should be patient and positive in their approach. Especially in the elderly, obtaining a list of all prescribed and over-the-counter medications used is an important starting point. Nonessential drugs should be discontinued and use of any others closely monitored. If a withdrawal syndrome results from discontinuation of alcohol, thiamine, multivitamins, and sedatives should be prescribed as clinically indicated. Treatment of any underlying psychiatric disorder is important. Psychosocial intervention is essential in dealing with recovering elderly alcoholics to overcome loneliness and to enhance sobriety. A formal rehabilitative effort is mandatory. Long-term rehabilitation focuses on group support and may include use of disulfiram (Antabuse).
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Pary R, Tobias C, Lippmann S. Fluoxetine: prescribing guidelines for the newest antidepressant. South Med J 1989; 82:1005-9. [PMID: 2669150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug with a unique chemical configuration which enhances serotoninergic transmission by inhibiting serotonin uptake. The chronic presence of serotonin in the synaptic cleft reduces postsynaptic receptors, a postulated explanation for its antidepressant efficacy. Comparative studies show that the therapeutic effectiveness of fluoxetine is equal to that of imipramine, amitriptyline, and doxepin. A 20 mg morning dose alleviates most depressions. The long half-life of one to three days for the parent compound and seven to 15 days for the active metabolite, desmethylfluoxetine, is largely unaffected by age or renal impairment. Nausea, nervousness, insomnia, and headache are the most common side effects. Therapeutic doses do not affect cardiac conduction or cause orthostasis. A primary benefit of this drug is its significant relative safety in overdoses as compared to other antidepressants.
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Finkenthal M, Lippmann S, Moos HW, Mandelbaum P, Group T. Highly ionized uranium emission in the soft-x-ray region 50-100 A. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 39:3717-3720. [PMID: 9901685 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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54
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Tobias CR, Lippmann S, Tully E, Pary R, Turns DM. Delirium in the elderly. A commonly misunderstood disorder. Postgrad Med 1989; 85:117-22, 124, 129-30. [PMID: 2911534 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1989.11700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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55
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Pary R, Tobias CR, Lippmann S. Antidepressants and the cardiac patient. Selecting an appropriate medication. Postgrad Med 1989; 85:267-72, 274-6. [PMID: 2911542 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1989.11700552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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56
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Abstract
When alcohol abuse occurs with depression, both the substance abuse and the mood disorder necessitate treatment. These conditions may have some similar manifestations, making differential diagnosis difficult. Depressed alcoholics report more previous treatment for substance abuse, withdrawal symptoms, and marital problems than those without depression. They also incur greater loneliness, unemployment, and social ineptness. Depressive symptoms found commonly in this group include work inhibition, guilt, self-disgust, dissatisfaction, and social disinterest. A history of depression among relatives favors a dual diagnosis of alcoholism and depression. Distinguishing those alcoholics with specific depressive illness enhances the therapeutic efficacy. Alcohol abusers need treatment, but those with concomitant depression persisting well beyond detoxification often require antidepressant medications. In long-term care, lithium may reduce alcohol-related rehospitalizations. A strong doctor-patient relationship with or without pharmacotherapy promotes continuation in a therapeutic regimen. Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous and disulfiram maintenance therapy are other deterrents to drinking relapse.
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Abstract
Instances of deliberate self-injury are observed in both psychotic and nonpsychotic individuals. Patients with command hallucinations, religious preoccupations, substance abuse, and social isolation are the most vulnerable. Persons who request unnecessary surgical procedures for bizarre reasons also are at high risk. Such behavior constitutes a medical, surgical, and psychiatric emergency. A thorough psychiatric evaluation is mandated in every case. Vigorous psychiatric treatment and follow-up care involving the full range of pharmacologic, somatic, and psychologic interventions are indicated.
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Abstract
Almost 2% of females admitted as accident victims to a general hospital-teaching facility were pregnant without their physicians knowing it. Emergency treatment of such patients may overshadow other aspects of holistic care and have adverse consequences when a pregnancy is unrecognized. These cases illustrate the importance of always performing a complete physical examination and obtaining a good history that includes menstrual data. When appropriate, we recommend routine use of the serum human chorionic gonadotropin test for pregnancy. It is a simple and reliable means of detecting pregnancy by ten days after nidation, and its use protects the patient, physician, and unborn child. Safer health service is the result.
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Huang LK, Lippmann S, Stratton BC, Moos HW, Finkenthal M. Experimental determination of line-intensity ratios for the n=3 to n=2 transitions of O V, F VI, and Ne VII at electron densities in a range of (4-9) x 10(1)2 cm-3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:3927-3934. [PMID: 9899505 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
Violence is a common clinical problem that must be quickly assessed to be properly managed. The examiner should keep at a safe distance from the patient and conduct the interview in a firm but nonthreatening manner. Verbal intervention, pharmacotherapy, and occasionally, physical restraints are indicated as a first-line approach while treatment of the underlying medical or psychiatric abnormality is initiated. Once the violent patient is under control, management includes thorough diagnostic assessment, pharmacotherapy, careful psychotherapy, and mobilization of community resources.
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Tobias CR, Turns DM, Lippmann S, Pary R, Embry CK. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Psychopharmacologic management. Postgrad Med 1988; 83:313-9. [PMID: 3336612 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1988.11700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric management of elderly patients is a challenging task because of the many age-related physiologic changes and medical problems in this population. Thorough patient evaluation is essential to rule out somatic disorders and determine underlying causes. Somatic complaints must be taken seriously, even if a patient is receiving treatment for a psychiatric disorder. Psychotropic therapy is used mainly for controlling depression, agitation, and psychotic symptoms. If psychiatric symptoms persist or become worse, psychotropics should be discontinued to prevent possible drug toxicity (eg, anticholinergic delirium) and psychiatric consultation should be requested.
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Abstract
Abnormal thyroid function in patients with eating disorders can result from malnutrition. A low serum triiodothyronine (T3) level is commonly noted in starvation states and is caused by reduced peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3. Diminished T4 concentrations are also observed. Adequate nutrition normalizes this type of aberrant laboratory profile. Thyroid function tests that give results below the normal range are best repeated initially for verification of results and again after adequate nutrition is reestablished. If no primary endocrinopathy is present, spontaneous correction of these laboratory values can be expected with conventional dietary habits.
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Lippmann S. Geriatric aspects of psychopharmacology. Part B. THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1987; 85:337-40. [PMID: 2886545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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64
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Embry CK, Lippmann S. Use of magnesium sulfate in alcohol withdrawal. Am Fam Physician 1987; 35:167-70. [PMID: 3577989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency plays an important role in alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Parenteral replacement of magnesium in the form of magnesium sulfate is safe and diminishes the severity of withdrawal symptoms in recently alcohol-abstinent patients. Early diagnosis of withdrawal illness and institution of magnesium replacement therapy decrease the need for benzodiazepines, diminish withdrawal complications and reduce the length of hospital stay. Testing for serum magnesium levels is useful, but experience supports the empiric use of magnesium replacement therapy in alcohol withdrawal.
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Lippmann S. Geriatric aspects of psychopharmacology. Part A. THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1987; 85:285-8. [PMID: 3585152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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66
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Huang LK, Lippmann S, Yu TL, Stratton BC, Moos HW, Finkenthal M, Hodge WL, Rowan WL, Richards B, Phillips PE, Bhatia AK. Experimental determination of line-intensity ratios of transitions within the n=2 complex of Be. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1987; 35:2919-2927. [PMID: 9898492 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Lippmann S, Manshadi M, Christie S, Gultekin A. Depression in alcoholics by the NIMH-Diagnostic Interview Schedule and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE ADDICTIONS 1987; 22:273-81. [PMID: 3583477 DOI: 10.3109/10826088709027429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression was prominent among 40 alcoholics in an alcohol treatment program. Untreated depression may increase risk for relapse to problem drinking. The structured diagnostic interview schedules, DIS and Zung, showed good agreement and were effective instruments in the detection of depression in alcoholics.
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Pary R, Lippmann S, Turns DM, Tobias CR. [Drug selection after overdose recovery: carbamazepine or lithium]. THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1987; 85:21-3. [PMID: 3819584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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69
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Pary R, Lippmann S, Turns DM, Tobias CR. Psychogenic water intoxication. THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1986; 84:624-7. [PMID: 3794523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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70
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Manshadi MS, Schuster J, Lippmann S, Rogers J, Past W, Meyer D. An impatient diagnostic survey of older psychiatric patients. THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1986; 84:483-6. [PMID: 3772230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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71
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Frierson RL, Lippmann S. AIDS in Kentucky. THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1986; 84:487-94. [PMID: 3772231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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72
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Tobias CR, Pary R, Lippmann S, Turns DM. Patients rights in psychiatric treatments (and how to avoid malpractice). THE JOURNAL OF THE KENTUCKY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1986; 84:399-401. [PMID: 3760679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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73
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Lippmann S. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Am Fam Physician 1986; 34:113-9. [PMID: 3728254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors offer effective treatment opportunities to an expanded range of depressed and anxious patients, particularly those with atypical depression. The use of these drugs requires heightened physician awareness and patient education, but the risks are less pronounced than was previously thought. Hypotension is the main side effect. Hypertensive reactions can be avoided by strictly proscribing congestion of MAO inhibitors with indirect-action sympathomimetic substances that occur in certain drugs, foods and beverages.
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74
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Blair R, Lippmann S. Metrizamide myelography risk factors: a pseudopsychiatric case presentation. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46:439-40. [PMID: 4044535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A case of neurologic sequelae from intrathecal metrizamide is presented. The patient had a convulsion, became comatose, and transiently developed mutism and hemiparesis, with eventual full recovery. Metrizamide is generally safe, but side effects do occur, and they may require clinical attention and follow-up.
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75
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Wagemaker H, Lippmann S, Cade JR. Acutely psychotic patients: a treatment approach. South Med J 1985; 78:833-7. [PMID: 2861662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Treating acute psychosis by rapidly producing a neuroleptic state is safe and effective. Getting psychotic patients quickly out of the hospital, keeping them out, and enabling them to function maximally are the treatment goals. Many such patients respond to a trial of lithium therapy; responders are usually better able to work or attend school and to live independently, and they less often show the degree of personality deterioration present in classical schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar illness should receive trial lithium therapy. Responders to lithium treatment are found in all three diagnostic categories.
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