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Zhang H, Peng P, Miao S, Zhao Y, Mao F, Wang L, Bai Y, Xu Z, Wei S, Shi C. Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing an ESAT6-CFP10 fusion protein induces anti-mycobacterial immune responses and protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge in mice. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:349-57. [PMID: 20883320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The currently used vaccine against tuberculosis, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has variable efficacy, so new vaccine development is crucial. In this study, we evaluated a recombinant vaccine prepared from non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis (rMS) that expresses a fusion of early secreted antigenic target 6-kDa antigen (ESAT6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the rMS expressing the ESAT6-CFP10 fusion protein (rM.S-e6c10) or with BCG. The mice in the rM.S-e6c10 group had a significantly higher titre of anti-ESAT6-CFP10 antibodies than did animals in the BCG or saline groups. Spleen cells from rM.S-e6c10-immunized mice exhibited a cytotoxic response to ESAT6 and CFP10-expressed target cells, but spleen cells from animals in the other groups did not. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 production by purified T cells from spleens were significantly higher in rM.S-e6c10 group than in BCG group. Finally, after M. tuberculosis (MTB)-challenged mice, dramatic reduction in the numbers of MTB colony-forming units (CFUs) in the lungs was observed for the mice immunized with the rMS. The protective efficacy of rM.S-e6c10 and BCG vaccination was similar based on measures of MTB burden and lung pathology. Our data indicate that the recombinant M. smegmatis vaccine expressing the ESAT6-CFP10 fusion protein has potential in clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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152
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Guo B, Papanikolaou N, Xu X, Shi C. Fast 4D Modeling for Real-time Motion Management in Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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153
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Lei Y, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. Evaluating Linac-based Radiosurgery of AVM using AVM Score and Pie Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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154
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He W, Shi C, Vazquez Q L, Dzintars E, Papanikolaou N. Systematic and Random Dosimetric Impact Studies on 100 Helical Tomotherapy Cancer Cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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155
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Zhengzhang L, Yingzhang C, Zhe S, Haoping X, Shi C. e0172 Effects of EPO on proliferation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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156
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Wei S, Shi C, Baoqiong L, Defana M, Ningninga H. e0245 A report of 511 inhospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on the Utstein Style. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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157
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Abstract
AIMS The addition of basal insulin to existing oral therapy can help patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) achieve glycaemic targets. This study compares the efficacy and safety of insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) and insulin glargine in insulin-naive patients with T2D and inadequate control on oral antihyperglycaemic medication (OAM). MATERIALS AND METHODS An open-label, randomized, multicentre, multinational 24-week study of 471 patients receiving ≥2 OAMs for ≥3 months with a body mass index between 25 and 45 kg/m(2) and HbA1c 7.5-10.0% was conducted. ILPS was injected once or twice daily vs. glargine injected once daily plus prestudy OAMs. Primary objective compared the HbA1c change from baseline. RESULTS HbA1c change from baseline to endpoint was similar in both groups [-1.46% (ILPS) and -1.41% (glargine)]. Least-squares mean difference (95% CI) for HbA1c (-0.05 [-0.21, 0.11]%), glycaemic variability (0.06 [-0.06, 0.19] mmol/l) and weight change (-0.01 [-0.61, 0.59] kg) showed non-inferiority (margins of 0.4%, 0.8 mmol/l and 1.5 kg, respectively). Percentages of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% were 43.8% ILPS and 41.2% glargine. Mean daily insulin dose was 0.39 vs. 0.35 U/kg (p = 0.02) and weight gain was 1.04 vs. 1.07 kg for ILPS vs. glargine (p = 0.98). Overall hypoglycaemia (episodes/patient/year) was similar for ILPS and glargine (24.2 ± 28.8 vs. 23.0 ± 30.9); nocturnal (6.1 ± 10.6 vs. 4.1 ± 9.4, p < 0.001) rates were higher for ILPS. Severe hypoglycaemia was higher for ILPS vs. glargine (n = 9 vs. n = 2; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS At endpoint, ILPS was non-inferior to glargine in HbA1c change from baseline, but associated with increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Strojek
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Silesian Medical University, Zabrze, Poland
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Stathakis S, Gutierrez A, Esquivel C, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. A practical method to detect target failure of a helical tomotherapy unit. J BUON 2010; 15:496-499. [PMID: 20941816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Helical tomotherapy has been in clinical use for several years. One of the issues with a helical tomotherapy unit is the failure of detection of the x-ray target. In this study, we are proposing a method to detect potential failure of the x-ray target. METHODS Currently, on-board detector data from a helical tomotherapy unit are collected and sent to TomoTherapy Inc. for comparison with the so-called gold standard for the unit. However, this is sometimes time-consuming. Furthermore, the clinical medical physicists have no access to this comparison procedure. In this study, we developed a practical method to detect target failure based on one of the monthly quality assurance (QA) procedures. The commissioning cross-plane profiles were used as the comparison baseline. Larger EDR2 film (35×43 cm) were set at source-axis distance (SAD) (85 cm) and shot with 1.5 cm solid water as build-up material and 10 cm solid water as backscattering material. Cross-plane profiles obtained from the EDR2 film were compared with the commissioning profiles. RESULTS When the cross-plane profiles from monthly QA have 1° degree difference from the commissioning profiles, it is time that the target be changed. CONCLUSION This method enables the clinical medical physicists to easily evaluate the target status and to help improving the quality assurance of a helical tomotherapy unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stathakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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159
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Baxter PA, Thompson PA, McGuffey LM, Gibson BW, Dauser RC, Nuchtern JG, Shi C, Inloes R, Choy G, Redkar S, Blaney SM. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of MP470 in non-human primates. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:809-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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160
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Roland T, Shi C, Liu Y, Crownover R, Mavroidis P, Papanikolaou N. Tradeoffs for assuming rigid target motion in Mlc-based real time target tracking radiotherapy: a dosimetric and radiobiological analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2010; 9:199-210. [PMID: 20218742 DOI: 10.1177/153303461000900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on our assessment of two types of real time target tracking modalities for lung cancer radiotherapy namely (1) single phase propagation (SPP) where motion compensation assumes a rigid target and (2) multi-phase propagation (MPP) where motion compensation considers a deformable target. In a retrospective study involving 4DCT volumes from six (n=6) previously treated lung cancer patients, four-dimensional treatment plans representative of the delivery scenarios were generated per modality and the corresponding dose distributions were derived. The modalities were then evaluated (a) Dosimetrically for target coverage adequacy and normal tissue sparing by computing the mean GTV dose, relative conformity gradient index (CGI), mean lung dose (MLD) and lung V(2)0; (b) Radiobiologically by calculating the biological effective uniform dose (D) for the target and organs at risk (OAR) and the complication free tumor control probability (P(+)). As a reference for the comparative study, we included a 4D Static modality, which was a conventional approach to account for organ motion and involved the use of individualized motion margins. With reference to the 4D Static modality, the average percent decrease in lung V(20) and MLD were respectively (13.1-/+6.9) % and (11.4-/+ 5.6)% for the MPP modality, whereas for the SPP modality they were (9.4-/+6.2) % and (7.2-/+4.7) %. On the other hand, the CGI was observed to improve by 15.3-/+13.2 and 9.6-/+10.0 points for the MPP and SPP modalities, respectively while the mean GTV dose agreed to better than 3% difference across all the modalities. A similar trend was observed in the radiobiological analysis where the P(+) improved on average by (6.7-/+4.9) % and (4.1-/+3.6) % for the MPP and SPP modalities, respectively while the D computed for the OAR decreased on average by (6.2-/+3.6) % and (3.8-/+3.5) % for the MPP and SPP tracking modalities, respectively. The D calculated for the GTV for all the modalities was in agreement to better than 2% difference. In general, respiratory motion induces target displacement and deformation and therefore the complex MPP real time target tracking modality is the preferred. On the other hand, the SPP approach affords simplicity in implementation at the expense of failing to account for target deformation. Radiobiological and dosimetric analyses enabled us to investigate the consequences of failing to compensate for deformation and assess the impact if any on the clinical outcome. While it is not possible to draw any general conclusions on a small patient cohort, our study suggests that the two tracking modalities can lead to comparable clinical outcomes and as expected are advantageous when compared with the static conventional modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roland
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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161
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Guo B, Shi C, Cheng C, Esquivel C, Eng T, Papanikolaou N. SU-GG-T-38: Dosimetry and Inverse Treatment Planning for 3D Intensity Modulated Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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162
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Na Y, Eom J, Han B, Shi C, De S, Xu X. SU-GG-J-08: Physics-Based Respiration-Simulating Model Incorporating Pressure-Volume Parameters for Lung: What Can We Learn from the Biomechanical Modeling Community? Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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163
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He W, Guo B, Xu X, Shi C. SU-GG-J-45: Application of Virtual Patient Model in 4D IMRT Monte Carlo Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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164
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Langen K, Papanikolaou N, Balog J, Crilly R, Followill D, Goddu S, Grant W, Olivera G, Ramsey C, Shi C. TU-B-203-02: QA of Radiation Delivery Systems. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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165
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Stathakis S, Papanikolaou N, Buckey C, Mavroidis P, Mihailidis D, Shi C, Gutiérrez A, Esquivel C. SU-GG-T-561: The Effect of MLC Leaf Width in RapidArc Plan Optimization. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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166
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He W, Shi C, Quino LV, Dzintars E, Gutiérrez A, Stathakis S, Alkhatib H, Papanikolaou N. MO-EE-A3-04: Development and Dosimetric Studies of Independent Dose Validation Software on Helical Tomotherapy. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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167
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Quino LV, Stathakis S, Gutiérrez A, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. SU-GG-T-435: Novalis Tx MonteCarlo Based Linear Accelerator. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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168
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Papanikolaou N, Stathakis S, Holmes R, Gutiérrez A, Esquivel C, Shi C, Mavroidis P, Mihailidis D. SU-GG-T-567: Comparison of Two Different Implementations for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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169
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Giantsoudi D, Baltas D, Karabis A, Mavroidis P, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. MO-E-BRB-03: High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Optimization Based on the Generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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170
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Guo B, Vazquez L, Xu X, Shi C. SU-GG-J-96: Statistical Analysis of the Correlation between Breathing Characteristics with Patient Parameters. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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171
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Stathakis S, Mihailidis D, Esquivel C, Gutiérrez A, Mavroidis P, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. SU-GG-T-398: Monte Carlo Commissioning of BrainLab SRS Cones on a NovalisTX. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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172
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Chen X, Shi C, Buckey C, Stathakis S, Alkhatib H, Papanikolaou N. SU-GG-J-42: Development of an EPID-Based Machine and IMRT QA System. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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173
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Gutierrez A, Stathakis S, Esquivel C, Liu Y, Zhai Y, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. Impact of pulse forming network and injection current parameters on output and energy variations of helical tomotherapy. J BUON 2010; 15:373-377. [PMID: 20658738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, an experiment was devised to establish the dependency of the impact of pulse forming network (PFN) and injection current (IC) parameters on output and energy variations of helical tomotherapy (HT) on the radiation beam output and energy. METHODS HT has unique radiation beam characteristics due to the absence of a flattening filter. As with conventional linear accelerators, the machine output and energy should be within a + or - 2% tolerance according to published studies. However, because a dose servo is not utilized in a HT unit, these parameters may drift out of the + or - 2% tolerance due to various reasons such as high machine temperatures. With this in mind, physicists and engineers must adjust certain machine parameters to reset the output and energy to within the tolerance of the commissioned baseline. Two parameters commonly adjusted are: PFN voltage (V(PFN)) and IC voltage (V(IC)). RESULTS Results showed that the HT unit possesses different working zones defined by the V(PFN) and V(IC) parameter settings. The working zones were classified into 5 zones: 1) low dose rate zone - radiation dose rate much lower than nominal dose rate and machine cannot run due to low dose rate fault; 2) normal dose rate zone - dose rate is within tolerance of nominal dose rate and machine can run without dose rate fault; 3) dose rate failure during treatment zone - dose rate within the tolerance of the nominal dose rate however machine interrupts during treatment due to dose rate fault; 4) high dose rate zone - dose rate is higher than nominal dose rate and machine cannot run due to high dose rate fault; and 5) inoperable dose rate zone - dose rate is much higher than the nominal dose rate and machine cannot run. CONCLUSION The results of this study may provide a quick guide for physicists to adjust their HT unit V(PFN) and V(IC) values in order to reset the radiation beam output and energy back to within the tolerance of the commissioned baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gutierrez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Abstract
AIMS A hepatoma cell line, HepG2, was used as a model system to detect Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in hepatocytes and examine the antiviral effect on hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS AND RESULTS Toll-like receptor expression was detected in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR. The TLRs, which were strongly expressed in HepG2 cells, were stimulated with specific ligands. Interferon (IFN) response was evaluated poststimulation with Western blotting for signal transduction and activators of transcription-1. Furthermore, HepG2 cells were transiently transfected with wild-type HBV 1.3-fold over-length plasmid and treated with specific ligands at indicated times. Replication of HBV DNA, transcription of HBV RNA intermediate and expression of HBV antigens were respectively detected by Southern blotting, real time PCR, ELISA and Western blotting. Activation of different TLRs induced antiviral effects on HBV to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS The TLRs, which were strongly expressed in HepG2 cells, could be stimulated with specific ligands. Activation of TLRs induced apparent production of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-alpha/beta and inhibited HBV lifecycle in the hepatocyte cell model. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Expression of TLRs in hepatocytes may be related to local immunity of liver and participate in the outcome of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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175
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Anderson
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Winberry
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore Maryland, USA 21287-7713
| | - C C Liu
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore Maryland, USA 21287-7713
| | - C Shi
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore Maryland, USA 21287-7713
| | - F A Lenz
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore Maryland, USA 21287-7713
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Shi C, Zhitomirsky I. Electrodeposition and capacitive behavior of films for electrodes of electrochemical supercapacitors. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010; 5:518-523. [PMID: 20672082 PMCID: PMC2894232 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole films were deposited by anodic electropolymerization on stainless steel substrates from aqueous pyrrole solutions containing sodium salicylate and tiron additives. The deposition yield was studied under galvanostatic conditions. The amount of the deposited material was varied by the variation of deposition time at a constant current density. SEM studies showed the formation of porous films with thicknesses in the range of 0-3 μm. Cyclic voltammetry data for the films tested in 0.5 M Na2SO4 solutions showed capacitive behavior and high specific capacitance (SC) in a voltage window of 0.9 V. The films prepared from pyrrole solutions containing tiron showed better capacitive behavior compared to the films prepared from the solutions containing sodium salicylate. A highest SC of 254 F g-1 was observed for the sample with a specific mass of 89 μg cm-2 at a scan rate of 2 mV s-1. The SC decreased with an increasing film thickness and scan rate. The results indicated that the polypyrrole films deposited on the stainless steel substrates by anodic electropolymerization can be used as electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors (ES).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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177
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Shi C, Eom J, Vines D, De S, Xu G. Physics-based Patient-Specific Respiration Modeling for 4D Treatment Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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178
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Shi C, Rui Q, Xu LL. Enzymatic properties of the 20S proteasome in wheat endosperm and its biochemical characteristics after seed imbibition. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2009; 11:849-858. [PMID: 19796362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The 20S proteasome from wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Yangmai 158) endosperm was purified to apparent homogeneity by three sequential centrifugations and gradient PAGE (GPAGE). The purified 20S proteasome clearly cleaved peptidyl-arylamide bonds in the model synthetic substrates Z-GGL-AMC and Z-GGR-AMC, which are used to reflect chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activity, respectively. For both substrates, the optimum pH was 8.0, but the optimum temperatures for chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activity were 55 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. Both enzyme activities were clearly inhibited by MG115 and PMSF. Polyubiquitinated proteins remained constant from 0 to 7 days after seed imbibition, but caseinolytic activity and the amount of the 20S proteasome associated with the aleurone layer decreased from 1 to 2 days after imbibition (DAI), then increased from 2 to 4 DAI, and reached a maximum at 4 DAI that was retained until 7 DAI. An increase was seen in the mRNA level of the beta5 subunit of the 20S proteasome from 2 DAI, and caseinolytic activity and the amount of the 20S proteasome increased from 3 DAI onwards. In addition, the main storage proteins of the wheat endosperm could not be hydrolyzed by the 20S proteasome. The evidence suggests that the main role of the 20S proteasome may not be to degrade massive proteins of the wheat endosperm after seed imbibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Liu Y, Shi C, Chen W, Xu G, Papanikolaou N. Tissue Composition Effect Investigated in Proton Therapy using Monte Carlo Models of Hounsfield Number Conversion and Cadaver-based Anatomical Data. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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180
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Shi C, Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang X, Bai B, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Xu Z. New Alternative Vaccine Component AgainstMycobacterium Tuberculosis- Heat Shock Protein 16.3 or its T-Cell Epitope. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:465-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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181
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Guo B, Papanikolaou N, Shi C. Monte Carlo-based Plan Verification for Electronic Brachytherapy: The Dosimetric Influence of Patient Boundary and Tissue Inhomogeneities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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182
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Pagdonsolan M, Gutierrez A, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. Dosimetric Characterization of Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) using Helical Tomotherapy and Topotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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183
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Esquivel C, Stathakis S, Gutierrez A, Shi C, Smith M, Papanikolaou N. Clinical Experience in the use of Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters for Total Body Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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184
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Jiang Z, Dai J, Shi C, Zeng W, Jiang R, Tu W. Influence of patient-controlled i.v. analgesia with opioids on supraventricular arrhythmias after pulmonary resection. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:364-8. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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185
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Shi C, Mavroidis P, Zhai Y, Xu J, Lind B, Papanikolaou N. EVALUATION OF IMRT DOSE DELIVERY USING THE CONCEPTS OF GAMMA INDEX AND BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE UNIFORM DOSE. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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186
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Holmes R, Shi C, Esquivel C, Gutierrez A, Stathakis S, He W, Papanikolaou N. SMARTARC™ IMRT DELIVERY: INFLUENCE OF ARC ANGLE AND DOSE RATE. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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187
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Rodriguez S, Su F, Mavroidis P, Gutierrez A, Stathakis S, Esquivel C, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. BEUD/SECONDARY MALIGNANCY ANALYSIS: COMPARISON OF HT, MLC-BASED IMRT, AND CRT IN PROSTATE TREATMENT PLANNING. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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188
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Su F, Mavroidis P, Ferreira BC, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. A RADIOBIOLOGICAL-BASED TOOLKIT FOR TREATMENT PLAN EVALUATION AND OUTCOME PREDICTION. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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189
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Guo B, Papanikolaou N, Shi C. MONTE CARLO BASED PLAN VERIFICATION FOR ELECTRONIC BRACHYTHERAPY: THE DOSIMETRIC INFLUENCE OF PATIENT BOUNDARY AND TISSUE INHOMOGENEITIES. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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190
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Guo B, Cheng C, Director B, Rusch T, Esquivel C, Stathakis S, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-05: A Monte Carlo Based Dose Calculation and Evaluation Toolkit for Electronic Brachytherapy: Feasibility of IMBT. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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191
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Calvo O, Gutiérrez A, Stathakis S, Mavroidis P, Moral S, Esquivel C, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-386: Validation of the Delta4 Dosimetry Phantom Against Ionometric Measurements. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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192
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Liu Y, Shi C, Xu X, Chen W, Jette D, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-422: Dependency of Proton Dose On Tissue Composition Investigated Using Monte Carlo Models of Hounsfield Number Conversion and Cadaver-Based Anatomical Data. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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193
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Su F, Shi C, Mavroidis P, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-508: Utilizing Radiobiological Measures and Planned Adaptive Software to Evaluate Adaptive Tomotherapy Plans for Lung Cancer Patients. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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194
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Esquivel C, Smith M, Stathakis S, Gutiérrez A, Shi C, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-260: In Vivo Dose Measurements for Total Body Irradiation Using Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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195
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Vazquez L, Gutiérrez A, Stathakis S, Roland T, Esquivel C, Shi C, Mavroidis P, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-623: Dosimetric Comparison Among 3D Conformal, IMRT, and Phase-Average Compensators for SBRT Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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196
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Hrycushko B, Li S, Shi C, Liu Y, Bao A. WE-D-BRB-05: Novel Post-Lumpectomy Breast Cancer Brachytherapy with the Capability of Simultaneous Focal Lymph Node Irradiation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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197
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Rodriguez S, Su F, Shi C, Stathakis S, Gutiérrez A, Esquivel C, Mavroidis P, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-510: Comparison of Helical Tomotherapy, MLC-Based IMRT, and 3D-Conformal Radiation Modalities in BEUD Utilization and Analysis. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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198
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Guo B, He W, Eom J, De S, Xu X, Shi C. SU-FF-J-107: 4D Predictive Patient-Specific Anatomical Model Based On 4D CT Data: A Feasibility Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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199
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Xu J, Buckey C, Swanson G, Stathakis S, Esquivel C, Gutiérrez A, Shi C, Mavroidis P, Papanikolaou N. SU-FF-T-99: Impact of Proper Bladder and Rectum Delineation in the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of IMRT in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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200
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Papanikolaou N, Liu Y, Roland T, Mavroidis P, Shi C. SU-FF-J-21: Measurements of Fiducial Marker Positions for Real-Time MLC Beam Tracking Delivery Using MV Fluence Video. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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