151
|
Cai L, Gu J, Zheng J, Zheng M, Wang G, Xi LY, Hao F, Liu XM, Sun QN, Wang Y, Lai W, Fang H, Tu YT, Sun Q, Chen J, Gao XH, Gu Y, Teixeira HD, Zhang JZ, Okun MM. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results from a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:89-95. [PMID: 27504914 PMCID: PMC5215651 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background This phase 3 trial is the first to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with the systemic TNF‐α inhibitor, adalimumab, for Chinese patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Methods In the 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Period A, patients were randomized 4 : 1 to receive adalimumab 40 mg every‐other‐week (following a single 80 mg dose), or placebo every‐other‐week. In the subsequent 12‐week, open‐label, Period B, all patients received adalimumab 40 mg every‐other‐week starting at week 13, following a single, blinded dose at week 12 of adalimumab 80 mg or matching placebo (for patients receiving placebo or adalimumab in Period A respectively). In Period A, efficacy was analysed for all randomized patients and safety for all patients receiving ≥1 dose of the study drug. Results For the 425 patients in this study (87 placebo; 338 adalimumab), a higher percentage randomized to adalimumab achieved the primary endpoint of ≥75% improvement from baseline in PASI score (PASI 75) at week 12: placebo 11.5% (10/87); adalimumab 77.8% (263/338; P < 0.001). Physician's Global Assessment of clear to minimal was achieved at week 12 by 14.9% placebo (13/87) and 80.5% adalimumab (272/338; P < 0.001). For patients who received adalimumab at any time during the study (All‐adalimumab Population), treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were reported by 63.4%; the most common was upper respiratory infection (16.1%). Serious AEs were reported by 3.5% of the All‐adalimumab Population, and serious infectious AEs by 1.2%, which include lung infection, pneumonia and tuberculosis [2 (0.5%) patients each]. There was one death (chronic heart failure). Conclusion In these Chinese patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, a significantly greater percentage treated with adalimumab compared with placebo achieved efficacy endpoints at week 12 and efficacy was sustained to week 24. Safety results were consistent with the known adalimumab safety profile; no new safety signals were identified in the 24 weeks of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Gu
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zheng
- Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Wang
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, PLA (Xijing Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - L-Y Xi
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Hao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, PLA (Southwest Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - X-M Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Q-N Sun
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - W Lai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-T Tu
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Sun
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - X-H Gao
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Gu
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - J-Z Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - M M Okun
- Fort HealthCare, Fort Atkinson, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Gu J, Sui LL, Cui D, Ma YN, Zhu CY, Kong Y. Effects of LeY glycan expression on embryo implantation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3327-35. [PMID: 27608889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between LeY glycan expression and embryo implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uterine epithelial cells before implantation were transfected with FUT1siRNA to inhibit FUT1 (the gene encoding the key enzyme of LeY synthesis) expression and treated with 10 ng/ml leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Murine embryo implantation model in vitro was prepared by late blastocysts with identical morphology and treated uterine epithelial cells co-culture. Using RT-PCR, dot blot and observation of embryo attachment to analyze FUT1 gene expression and LeY synthesis of uterine epithelial cells and studied further the correlation of LeY expression level and embryo implantation. RESULTS FUT1 gene expression and LeY synthesis declined after cells were transfected with FUT1siRNA, and LIF promoted FUT1 expression and LeY synthesis. After expression of FUT1 gene was inhibited, attachment rate of embryos lowered, but LIF up-regulated FUT1 expression and increased the attachment rate of embryos. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated regulating FUT1 expression affected LeY synthesis, and then LeY regulated the recognition and attachment of uterus-embryo and participates in embryo implantation further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Southeast University Reproductive Medicine Institute, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
153
|
Abstract
Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an important natural enemy of many species of lepidopterous pests and a widely used biological control agent. Detailed knowledge about its mate choice and host discrimination behavior is lacking. In this study, we studied the mate choice and host discrimination behavior of T. chilonis in experimental arenas through video tracking. Males' mate recognition capacity was realized by perceiving the sex pheromone of females. When offered two females of different species, male could distinguish the conspecific female from Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), a species that has overlapping hosts with T. chilonis. When placed with two females of different mating status, male preferred mating with the virgin female to the mated female. T. chilonis females could distinguish unparasitized host eggs from parasitized ones (parasitized by conspecific females or heterospecific females). They preferred to stay on and lay eggs in unparasitized host eggs. When T. chilonis females were only provided with parasitized host eggs (parasitized by T. chilonis and T. bactrae females), conspecific superparasitism occurred more often than heterospecific superparasitism. Furthermore, the host egg discrimination ability of T. chilonis females was mainly achieved through antennal perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - L Lü
- Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong Province,China
| | - Y He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - Q Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - C Tu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| | - J Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province,Department of Entomology,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong Province,China
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Fan M, Liu J, Zhao B, Wu X, Gu J. AB0819 Indirect Comparison of Urate-Lowering Therapies for Hyperuricemic Patients with or without Gout: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
155
|
Li J, Liu Y, Yu X, Zhang J, Gu J, Zhao L. Reduced Oral Bioavailability and Altered Pharmacokinetics of Saquinavir by Co-administration with Biochanin A in Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2016; 66:484-488. [PMID: 27409329 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X. Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J. Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L. Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Li X, Li Q, Gu J, Chen Z. AB0833 Investigation on Allele Frequency of rs9263726 in South China. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
157
|
Jin O, Hou C, Li X, Zhang X, Qiu M, Lin D, Fang L, Guo X, Lin Z, Liao Z, Gu J. THU0274 Upregulation of NOD2 Involved in The Inflammatory Response by Activation of MAPK Signaling Pathway in Lupus Nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
158
|
Qi J, Zhang P, Hu Z, Chen Z, Gu J. AB0462 The Risk of Cancer in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Chinese Population: A Single-Center Experience. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
159
|
Fan M, Liu J, Zhao B, Zhang P, Mou Y, Gu J. SAT0274 Indirect Comparison of Biological Agents in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
160
|
Kim E, Chun H, Lee J, Yoo I, Kim S, Lee J, Choi H, Keum B, Jeen Y, Gu J, Kim S. P-235 How often does the patient repeat screening colonoscopy? a study for personalized recommendation of screening colonoscopy interval. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw199.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
161
|
Zhang X, Gu J, Yu FS, Zhou L, Mi QS. TGF-β1-induced transcription factor networks in Langerhans cell development and maintenance. Allergy 2016; 71:758-64. [PMID: 26948524 DOI: 10.1111/all.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) represent a specialized subset of evolutionarily conserved dendritic cells (DC) that populate stratified epithelial tissues, which are essential for the induction of skin and mucosal immunity and tolerance, including allergy. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been confirmed to be a predominant factor involved in LC development. Despite great advances in the understanding of LC ontogeny and diverse replenishment patterns, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This review focuses on the recent discoveries in TGF-β1-mediated LC development and maintenance, with special attention to the involved transcription factors and related regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. Zhang
- Henry Ford Immunology Program; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Dermatology; Second Military Medical University Changhai Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - J. Gu
- Department of Dermatology; Second Military Medical University Changhai Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - F.-S. Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA
| | - L. Zhou
- Henry Ford Immunology Program; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Internal Medicine; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA
| | - Q.-S. Mi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Internal Medicine; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit MI USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Jun Q, Hu Z, Li Q, Zhang P, Lv Q, Lin Z, Gu J. AB0908 A Novel Mutation in Proteoglycan-4 Underlies Camptodactyly-Arthropathy-Coxa-Vara-Pericarditis Syndrome in A Chinese Family. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
163
|
Zhang P, Hu Z, Qi J, Mou Y, Jiang Y, Gu J. THU0236 Bone Metabolic Index and Clinical Phenotype in Juvenile-Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis (JAS). Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
164
|
Fan M, Cao S, Tu L, Wei Q, Yuan R, Gu J. SAT0406 Efficacy and Safety of Loxoprofen Hydrogel Patch versus Loxoprofen Tablet in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
165
|
Hu Z, Zhang P, Qi J, Qiu M, Guo X, Gu J. AB0691 Oblique Views Have Advantages over Antero-Posterior View Radiographs in Assessing Sacroiliitis: An Imaging Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
166
|
Lin Z, Tong F, Hu Z, Fang L, Chen X, Lv Q, Liao Z, Gu J. AB1009 An Epidemiological Study of The Prevalence Rate of IBP and Axial SpA in The University in The South of China: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
167
|
Li X, Li Q, Gu J. AB0664 Higher Expression of Micrornas in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
168
|
Yang M, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Li Q, Gu J. AB0122 Correlation Studies between Anoctamin 6 Gene Polymorphism and Expression and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
169
|
Zheng X, Li Q, Tu L, Lv Q, Yang M, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Liao Z, Cao S, Wei Q, Qi J, Yuan R, Gu J. AB0721 The Clinical Characteristics and Associated Factors of Chinese Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
170
|
Qi J, Li Q, Hu Z, Zhang P, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Gu J. AB0461 A Retrospective Study of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Patients with Cancer in Chinese Population: A Single-Center Experience. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
171
|
Fang L, Hu Z, Pan Y, Lin Z, Liao Z, Gu J. SAT0402 Safety of Etanercept Therapy in Hbsag Carriers with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Prospective Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
172
|
Fan M, Liu J, Zhao B, Zhao M, Wu X, Gu J. AB0662 Indirect Comparison of TNF Inhibitors for Ankylosing Spondylitis and Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
173
|
|
174
|
Tong C, Cui Z, Sun X, Lei L, Feng X, Sun C, Gu J, Han W. Mannan Derivatives Instruct Dendritic Cells to Induce Th1/Th2 Cells Polarization via Differential Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:10-7. [PMID: 26332129 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mannan derived from fungal cell walls have potential uses as immunomodulating agents and vaccine adjuvants. Immunization with antigen conjugated to oxidized mannan (OM) or reduced mannan (RM) have induced differential immune responses in mice. Yet, the adjuvant effect and differences in molecular profiles of OM and RM on APCs is unresolved. Here, we investigated the response of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs to OM and RM. OM and RM stimulated DCs to produce differential Th1/Th2-inducing cytokines in vitro. OM and RM-activated DCs stimulated allogeneic T-cell Th1 and Th2 polarization reaction. OM instruct DCs to stimulate Th1 responses via IL-12p70 production, which depends on the phosphorylation of p38, RM barely induce IL-12p70, but IL-10 and IL-4, and magnitude of ERK phosphorylation, which results in a Th2 bias. These findings indicate that OM and RM were potent adjuvant capable of directly initiating DC activation Th1 and Th2 polarization respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Z Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - C Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - W Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Xu J, Lu Q, Huang J, Hao F, Sun Q, Fang H, Gu J, Dong X, Zheng J, Luo D, Li F, Wang G, Gu H, Tian H, Yang H, Xi L, Li M, Zheng M, Wu Y, Tu Y, He Y, Zhao G, Sheng W, Li J, Hamedani A. A multicentre, randomized, single‐blind comparison of topical clindamycin 1%/benzoyl peroxide 5% once‐daily gel versus clindamycin 1% twice‐daily gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris in Chinese patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1176-82. [PMID: 27075705 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Xu
- Department of Dermatology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Q.J. Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Department of Dermatology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - J.H. Huang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - F. Hao
- Department of Dermatology Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Q.N. Sun
- Department of Dermatology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - H. Fang
- Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - J. Gu
- Department of Dermatology Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - X.Q. Dong
- Department of Dermatology Guangdong General Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - J. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - D. Luo
- Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - F.Q. Li
- Department of Dermatology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - G. Wang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - H. Gu
- Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
| | - H.Q. Tian
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Provincial Academy of Medical Science Jinan Shandong China
| | - H.L. Yang
- Department of Dermatology General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA Guangzhou China
| | - L.Y. Xi
- Department of Dermatology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - M. Li
- Department of Dermatology Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - M. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Y. Wu
- Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Y.T. Tu
- Department of Dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Y.L. He
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - G. Zhao
- Department of Dermatology Air Force General Hospital Beijing China
| | - W.X. Sheng
- Department of Dermatology Zhongnan Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - J. Li
- GlaxoSmithKline Pudong Shanghai China
| | | |
Collapse
|
176
|
Hu D, Luo W, Fan LF, Liu FL, Gu J, Deng HM, Zhang C, Huang LH, Feng QL. Dynamics and regulation of glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid metabolism in the midgut of Spodoptera litura during metamorphosis. Insect Mol Biol 2016; 25:153-162. [PMID: 26683413 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes usually take place in the internal metabolism of insects during metamorphosis. The glycolysis-tricarboxylic acid (glycolysis-TCA) pathway is important for energy metabolism. To elucidate its dynamics, the mRNA levels of genes involved in this pathway were examined in the midgut of Spodoptera litura during metamorphosis, and the pyruvate content was quantified. The expression patterns of these genes in response to starvation were examined, and the interaction between protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) was studied. The results revealed that the expression or activities of most glycolytic enzymes was down-regulated in prepupae and then recovered in some degree in pupae, and all TCA-related genes were remarkably suppressed in both the prepupae and pupae. Pyruvate was enriched in the pupal midgut. Taken together, these results suggest that insects decrease both glycolysis and TCA in prepupae to save energy and then up-regulate glycolysis but down-regulate TCA in pupae to increase the supply of intermediates for construction of new organs. The expression of all these genes were down-regulated by starvation, indicating that non-feeding during metamorphosis may be a regulator of glycolysis-TCA pathway in the midgut. Importantly, interaction between PP1 and PFK was identified and is suggested to be involved in the regulation of glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L F Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F L Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H M Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L H Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q L Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Gu J, Stocchi L, Gorgun E, Remzi FH. Risk factors associated with portomesenteric venous thrombosis in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for medically refractory ulcerative colitis. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:393-9. [PMID: 26773547 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Data on risk factors for portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) following abdominal surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with PMVT after surgical treatment for UC. METHOD Patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) including diverting ileostomy closure for medically refractory UC were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patient-related, disease-related and treatment-related variables were collected. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess factors associated with PMVT. RESULTS Of the 521 patients completing surgical treatment for UC between 2006 and 2012, symptomatic PMVT occurred in 36 (7%), which resulted in a significantly increased hospital stay (P < 0.001). Patients developing PMVT were younger (P = 0.014), had a lower preoperative albumin level (P = 0.037) and were more likely to have been taking steroids within 1 month before surgery (P = 0.006). The combined incidence of PMVT was comparable between patients having a three-stage and two-stage management (6% vs. 8%, P = 0.43), but the relative incidence of PMVT after RPC + IPAA was 8%, significantly higher than the 4% after total abdominal colectomy (TAC) (P = 0.005) and the 2% after subsequent completion proctectomy (CP) + IPAA (P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis confirmed that RPC + IPAA was associated with a significantly greater risk of PMVT than CP + IPAA (OR = 4.9, P = 0.003) or TAC (OR = 3.5, P = 0.011). Preoperative steroid use was an independent factor for PMVT (OR = 5.8, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Steroid use 1 month before surgery is associated with an increased risk of PMVT. A staged restorative proctocolectomy does not increase the overall incidence of PMVT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Stocchi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - E Gorgun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - F H Remzi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Baranovskiy AG, Babayeva ND, Zhang Y, Gu J, Suwa Y, Pavlov YI, Tahirov TH. Mechanism of Concerted RNA-DNA Primer Synthesis by the Human Primosome. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10006-20. [PMID: 26975377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human primosome, a 340-kilodalton complex of primase and DNA polymerase α (Polα), synthesizes chimeric RNA-DNA primers to be extended by replicative DNA polymerases δ and ϵ. The intricate mechanism of concerted primer synthesis by two catalytic centers was an enigma for over three decades. Here we report the crystal structures of two key complexes, the human primosome and the C-terminal domain of the primase large subunit (p58C) with bound DNA/RNA duplex. These structures, along with analysis of primase/polymerase activities, provide a plausible mechanism for all transactions of the primosome including initiation, elongation, accurate counting of RNA primer length, primer transfer to Polα, and concerted autoregulation of alternate activation/inhibition of the catalytic centers. Our findings reveal a central role of p58C in the coordinated actions of two catalytic domains in the primosome and ultimately could impact the design of anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Baranovskiy
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Nigar D Babayeva
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Yinbo Zhang
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jianyou Gu
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Yoshiaki Suwa
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Youri I Pavlov
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Tahir H Tahirov
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Li ZM, Peng YF, Du CZ, Gu J. Colon cancer with unresectable synchronous metastases: the AAAP scoring system for predicting the outcome after primary tumour resection. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:255-63. [PMID: 26400111 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic scoring system to predict the outcome of patients with unresectable metastatic colon cancer who received primary colon tumour resection. METHOD Patients with confirmed metastatic colon cancer treated at the Peking University Cancer Hospital between 2003 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The correlation of clinicopathological factors with overall survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were identified using a Cox proportional hazards regression model and were then combined to form a prognostic scoring system. RESULTS A total of 110 eligible patients were included in the study. The median survival time was 10.4 months and the 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 21.8%. Age over 70 years, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level over 160 IU/l, ascites, a platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) above 162 and no postoperative therapy were independently associated with a shorter OS in multivariate analysis. Age, ALP, ascites and PLR were subsequently combined to form the so-called AAAP scoring system. Patients were classified into high, medium and low risk groups according to the score obtained. There were significant differences in OS between each group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Age, ALP, ascites, PLR and postoperative therapy were independent prognostic factors for survival of patients with metastatic colonic cancer who underwent primary tumour resection. The AAAP scoring system may be a useful tool for surgical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z M Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Y F Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - C Z Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - J Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Chu NH, Li L, Zhang X, Gu J, Du YD, Cai C, Xiao HP. Role of bicyclol in preventing drug-induced liver injury in tuberculosis patients with liver disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:475-80. [PMID: 25860005 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Four hospitals in China. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of using bicyclol in conjunction with glucurolactone in preventing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in tuberculosis (TB) patients suffering from underlying liver disease. DESIGN A total of 240 initially treated TB patients who were healthy hepatitis B carriers or had pure steatosis were randomised into two equal groups; both received an oral glucurolactone tablet 600 mg/day (200 mg three times daily) as basic liver protection. The test group also received 75 mg/day (25 mg three times daily) bicyclol tablets orally, while the control group received no other liver protection. The incidence of liver injury in the two groups, the adjustment or termination of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy and any adverse reactions were assessed. RESULTS The incidence rate and level of severity of liver injury and the termination rate of anti-tuberculosis treatment in the test group were lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The overall time of occurrence of liver injury was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Adding bicyclol to basic liver protectants may effectively and safely prevent the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis DILI in patients with underlying liver disease, and help simplify anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N-H Chu
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Zhang
- Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - J Gu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y-D Du
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Cai
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H-P Xiao
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Baranovskiy AG, Zhang Y, Suwa Y, Gu J, Babayeva ND, Pavlov YI, Tahirov TH. Insight into the Human DNA Primase Interaction with Template-Primer. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4793-802. [PMID: 26710848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication in almost all organisms depends on the activity of DNA primase, a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that synthesizes short RNA primers of defined size for DNA polymerases. Eukaryotic and archaeal primases are heterodimers consisting of small catalytic and large accessory subunits, both of which are necessary for the activity. The mode of interaction of primase subunits with substrates during the various steps of primer synthesis that results in the counting of primer length is not clear. Here we show that the C-terminal domain of the large subunit (p58C) plays a major role in template-primer binding and also defines the elements of the DNA template and the RNA primer that interact with p58C. The specific mode of interaction with a template-primer involving the terminal 5'-triphosphate of RNA and the 3'-overhang of DNA results in a stable complex between p58C and the DNA/RNA duplex. Our results explain how p58C participates in RNA synthesis and primer length counting and also indicate that the binding site for initiating NTP is located on p58C. These findings provide notable insight into the mechanism of primase function and are applicable for DNA primases from other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Baranovskiy
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Yinbo Zhang
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Yoshiaki Suwa
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Jianyou Gu
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Nigar D Babayeva
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Youri I Pavlov
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Tahir H Tahirov
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center,
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Daniel CR, Shu X, Ye Y, Gu J, Raju GS, Kopetz S, Wu X. Severe obesity prior to diagnosis limits survival in colorectal cancer patients evaluated at a large cancer centre. Br J Cancer 2015; 114:103-9. [PMID: 26679375 PMCID: PMC4716542 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In contrast to the consistent evidence for obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, the impact of obesity in CRC patients is less clear. In a well-characterised cohort of CRC patients, we prospectively evaluated class I and class II obesity with survival outcomes. Methods: The CRC patients (N=634) were followed from the date of diagnosis until disease progression/first recurrence (progression-free survival (PFS)) or death (overall survival (OS)). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported usual weight prior to diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in models adjusted for clinicopathologic, treatment, and lifestyle factors. Results: Over a median follow-up of 4 years, 208 (33%) patients died and 235 (37%) recurred or progressed. Class II obesity, as compared with either overweight or normal weight, was associated with an increased risk of death (HR and 95% CI: 1.55 (0.97–2.48) and 1.65 (1.02–2.68), respectively), but no clear association was observed with PFS. In analyses restricted to patients who presented as stages I–III, who reported stable weight, or who were aged <50 years, obesity was associated with a significant two- to five-fold increased risk of death. Conclusions: In CRC patients evaluated at a large cancer centre, severely obese patients experienced worse survival outcomes independent of many other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - X Shu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - G S Raju
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Cao W, Wu W, Yan M, Tian F, Ma C, Zhang Q, Li X, Han P, Liu Z, Gu J, Biddle FG. Multiple region whole-exome sequencing reveals dramatically evolving intratumor genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e175. [PMID: 26619400 PMCID: PMC4670960 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of genome instability and genomic alterations; now, genomic heterogeneity is rapidly emerging as a defining feature of cancer, both within and between tumors. Motivation for our pilot study of tumor heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is that it is not well studied, but the highest incidences of esophageal cancers are found in China and ESCC is the most common type. We profiled the mutations and changes in copy number that were identified by whole-exome sequencing and array-based comparative genomic hybridization in multiple regions within an ESCC from two patients. The average mutational heterogeneity rate was 90% in all regions of the individual tumors in each patient; most somatic point mutations were nonsynonymous substitutions, small Indels occurred in untranslated regions of genes, and copy number alterations varied among multiple regions of a tumor. Independent Sanger sequencing technology confirmed selected gene mutations with more than 88% concordance. Phylogenetic analysis of the somatic mutation frequency demonstrated that multiple, genomically heterogeneous divergent clones evolve and co-exist within a primary ESCC and metastatic subclones result from the dispersal and adaptation of an initially non-metastatic parental clone. Therefore, a single-region sampling will not reflect the evolving architecture of a genomically heterogeneous landscape of mutations in ESCC tumors and the divergent complexity of this genomic heterogeneity among patients will complicate any promise of a simple genetic or epigenetic diagnostic signature in ESCC. We conclude that any potential for informative biomarker discovery in ESCC and targeted personalized therapies will require a deeper understanding of the functional biology of the ontogeny and phylogeny of the tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cao
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W Wu
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - M Yan
- Medical School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Tian
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - C Ma
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Li
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - P Han
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Liu
- Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Linzhou, China
| | - J Gu
- Science and Education Department, Health Bureau of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F G Biddle
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Yang Y, Gu J, Young JL, Miller EM, Turner JA, Neale NR, Beard MC. Semiconductor interfacial carrier dynamics via photoinduced electric fields. Science 2015; 350:1061-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
185
|
Hu Z, Xu M, Wang Q, Qi J, Lv Q, Gu J. Colour Doppler ultrasonography can be used to detect the changes of sacroiliitis and peripheral enthesitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis during adalimumab treatment. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:844-850. [PMID: 26321072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) can be used to detect the effect of adalimumab on sacroiliitis and peripheral enthesitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS AS patients (n=41) received 40 mg adalimumab every other week for 24 weeks. BASDAI, BASFI, CRP, MRI examinations of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) and CDUS examinations of both SIJs and 10 peripheral entheseal sites were taken at baseline, week 12, and week 24. We scored the MR images by SPARCC method, recorded the resistive index (RI) value of SIJs and graded the blood signal on a semi quantitative 0-3 scale. We also scored lesions of peripheral entheses seen by CDUS. We analysed the associations between the results of CDUS and clinical indices and MRI data. RESULTS Significant reduction in mean CDUS score of SIJs and peripheral enthesitis and increase in mean RI value were observed in AS patients treated with adalimumab for 12 weeks and 24 weeks as compared with baseline (all p<0.05). The CDUS scores of SIJs and peripheral enthesitis positively related with clinical assessments (including BASDAI, BASFI, and CRP), while the RI value negatively related with them at all visits (all p<0.05). The results of CDUS also correlated well with the MRI data (all p<0.05) during adalimumab treatment in AS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that CDUS could be used to detect the changes of sacroiliitis and peripheral enthesitis in AS patients under adalimumab therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Qi
- Department of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Xu F, Lu C, Liu X, Gu J, Yuan Y, Zhao G, Liu R, Yu X, Chu Y, Ge D. F-051EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 3B ACCELERATES THE PROGRESSION OF OESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
187
|
Yu H, He K, Wang L, Hu J, Gu J, Zhou C, Lu R, Jin Y. Stk40 represses adipogenesis through translational control of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins. Development 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.128777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
188
|
Tong YQ, Liu B, Liu H, Zheng HY, Gu J, Liu H, Song EJ, Song C, Li Y. Accurate genotyping of hepatitis C virus through nucleotide sequencing and identification of new HCV subtypes in China population. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:874.e9-874.e21. [PMID: 26055416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequencing of the phylogenetically informative region of NS5B remains the gold standard for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping. Here we developed a new methodology for sequencing new NS5B regions to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of HCV genotyping and subtyping. The eight new primers were identified by scanning the full-length NS5B regions from 1127 HCV genomic sequences found in HCV databases. The ability of each pair of primers to amplify HCV subtypes was scored, and the new primers were able to amplify the NS5B region better than the previously used primers, therefore more accurately subtyping HCV strains. Sequencing the DNA amplified by the new primer pairs can specifically and correctly detect the five standard HCV subtypes (1a, 2a, 3b, 6a and 1b). We further examined patient samples and found that the new primers were able to identify HCV subtypes in clinical samples with high sensitivity. This method was able to detect all subtypes of HCV in 567 clinical samples. Importantly, three novel HCV subtypes (1b-2a, 1b-2k and 6d-6k) were identified in the samples, which have not been previous reported in China. In conclusion, sequencing the NS5B region amplified by the new NS5B primers is a more reliable method of HCV genotyping and a more sensitive diagnostic tool than sequencing using the previously described primers, and could identify new HCV subtypes. Our research is useful for clinical diagnosis, guidance of clinical treatment, management of clinical patients, and studies on the epidemiology of HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-Q Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China; Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H Liu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H-Y Zheng
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China
| | - H Liu
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - E J Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - C Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Y Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China; Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Chang NK, Gu J, Gu S, Osorio RW, Concepcion W, Gu E. Arterial flow regulator enables transplantation and growth of human fetal kidneys in rats. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1692-700. [PMID: 25645705 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Here we introduce a novel method of transplanting human fetal kidneys into adult rats. To overcome the technical challenges of fetal-to-adult organ transplantation, we devised an arterial flow regulator (AFR), consisting of a volume adjustable saline-filled cuff, which enables low-pressure human fetal kidneys to be transplanted into high-pressure adult rat hosts. By incrementally withdrawing saline from the AFR over time, blood flow entering the human fetal kidney was gradually increased until full blood flow was restored 30 days after transplantation. Human fetal kidneys were shown to dramatically increase in size and function. Moreover, rats which had all native renal mass removed 30 days after successful transplantation of the human fetal kidney were shown to have a mean survival time of 122 days compared to 3 days for control rats that underwent bilateral nephrectomy without a prior human fetal kidney transplant. These in vivo human fetal kidney models may serve as powerful platforms for drug testing and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N K Chang
- Department of Microsurgery, Ganogen, Inc., Redwood City, CA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - J Gu
- Department of Microsurgery, Ganogen, Inc., Redwood City, CA
| | - S Gu
- Department of Microsurgery, Ganogen, Inc., Redwood City, CA
| | - R W Osorio
- Department of Transplantation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - W Concepcion
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - E Gu
- Department of Microsurgery, Ganogen, Inc., Redwood City, CA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Qiu M, Hu Z, Guo X, Gu J. AB0594 The Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Elevated Levels of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
191
|
Fang L, Liao Z, Lin Z, Jin O, Pan Y, Gu J. FRI0121 Safety of Adalimumab Therapy in HBSAG Carriers with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
192
|
Hu Z, Qiu M, Qi J, Lv Q, Lin Z, Gu J. FRI0216 Oblique View Radiographs are Better in Diagnosing Sacroiliitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
193
|
Jiang Y, Lv Q, Zhang Y, Yang M, Gu J. AB0158 The Mode of Inheritance in the Chinese Han Families with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
194
|
Hu Z, Xu M, Lin Z, Liao Z, Lv Q, Gu J. AB0772 Color Doppler Ultrasonography Can be Used to Detect the Changes of Sacroiliitis and Peripheral Enthesitis in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis During the Treatment of Adalimumab. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
195
|
Zhang P, Mou Y, Gu J. AB1160 Questionnaire Survey Evaluating Hyperuricemia-Related Control Knowledge on 280 Patients with Gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
196
|
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a hypocalcemic hormone that is known to play an important role in calcium metabolism in teleost fish. An increase in blood Ca(2) (+) levels stimulates its synthesis and release. The biological action of STC1 inhibits gill Ca(2) (+) transport (GCAT), but we as yet have no clear understanding of how STC1 inhibits GCAT. In the present study, we characterized the binding, signaling, and action of STC1 on gill cells. Treatment of gill cell cultures with the extracts of corpuscles of Stannius or recombinant STC1 proteins (STC1-V5) led to an increase in cytosolic cAMP levels. Using in situ ligand-binding assays, we demonstrated that STC1-V5 binds to both lamellar and inter-lamellar regions of gill sections. The binding sites were significantly increased in gill sections obtained from fish adapted to high-Ca(2) (+) (2 mM) freshwater (FW) as compared with those from fish adapted to low-Ca(2) (+) (0.2 mM) FW. Receptor-binding assays illustrated specific binding of STC1-alkaline phosphatase to plasma membrane (Kd of 0.36 nM), mitochondria (Kd of 0.41 nM), and nuclear (Kd of 0.71 nM) preparations from gill cells. STC1 binding capacity was significantly greater in the plasma membrane preparations of gills obtained from fish adapted to high-Ca(2) (+) FW. Using isolated pavement cells and mitochondria-rich cells in cAMP assays, we obtained results indicating that both cell types responded to STC1. To illustrate the biological action of STC1, we conducted Ca(2) (+) imaging experiments to demonstrate the effects of STC1 on thapsigargin-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca(2) (+). Our results indicated that STC1 exerted its inhibitory action via a cAMP pathway to lower intracellular Ca(2) (+) levels. Intriguingly, we were able to block the action of STC1 using an inhibitor, NS-398, of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is known to stimulate the activity of sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2) (+)-ATPase (SERCA). A follow-up experiment in which gill cells were incubated with STC1 revealed a downregulation of the epithelial Ca(2) (+) channel (ecacl) but an upregulation of cox-2 expression. The ECaCl is a gatekeeper for Ca(2) (+) entry, whereas COX-2 mediates an activation of SERCA. Taking these results together, the present study is, to our knowledge, the first to provide evidence of STC1 binding and signaling as well as the first to decipher the mechanism of the effect of STC1 on fish gills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - A Y S Law
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - B H Y Yeung
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of BiologyCroucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Fang L, Liao Z, Lin Z, Jin O, Pan Y, Gu J. FRI0171 Safety of Tocilizumab Therapy in Hbsag Carriers with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
198
|
Hu Z, Lv Q, Qi J, Lin Z, Yang M, Liao Z, Gu J. SAT0270 Backfill is a Specific Sign of Axial Spondyloarthritis Seen on MRI. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
199
|
Jun Q, Zhang P, Lin Z, Gu J. FRI0230 The Initial Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis and the HLA-B27 Subtypes. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
200
|
Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, Watkins PB, Navarro V, Barnhart H, Gu J, Serrano J. Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1340-52.e7. [PMID: 25754159 PMCID: PMC4446235 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network is conducting a prospective study of patients with DILI in the United States. We present characteristics and subgroup analyses from the first 1257 patients enrolled in the study. METHODS In an observational longitudinal study, we began collecting data on eligible individuals with suspected DILI in 2004, following them for 6 months or longer. Subjects were evaluated systematically for other etiologies, causes, and severity of DILI. RESULTS Among 1257 enrolled subjects with suspected DILI, the causality was assessed in 1091 patients, and 899 were considered to have definite, highly likely, or probable DILI. Ten percent of patients died or underwent liver transplantation, and 17% had chronic liver injury. In the 89 patients (10%) with pre-existing liver disease, DILI appeared to be more severe than in those without (difference not statistically significant; P = .09) and mortality was significantly higher (16% vs 5.2%; P < .001). Azithromycin was the implicated agent in a higher proportion of patients with pre-existing liver disease compared with those without liver disease (6.7% vs 1.5%; P = .006). Forty-one cases with latency ≤7 days were caused predominantly by antimicrobial agents (71%). Two most common causes for 60 DILI cases with latency >365 days were nitrofurantoin (25%) or minocycline (17%). There were no differences in outcomes of patients with short vs long latency of DILI. Compared with individuals younger than 65 years, individuals 65 years or older (n = 149) were more likely to have cholestatic injury, although mortality and rate of liver transplantation did not differ. Nine patients (1%) had concomitant severe skin reactions; implicated agents were lamotrigine, azithromycin, carbamazepine, moxifloxacin, cephalexin, diclofenac, and nitrofurantoin. Four of these patients died. CONCLUSIONS Mortality from DILI is significantly higher in individuals with pre-existing liver disease or concomitant severe skin reactions compared with patients without. Additional studies are needed to confirm the association between azithromycin and increased DILI in patients with chronic liver disease. Older age and short or long latencies are not associated with DILI mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Chalasani
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - R Fontana
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - W Lee
- University of Texas at Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - A Stolz
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - KR Reddy
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - PB Watkins
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - V Navarro
- Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - H Barnhart
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Raleigh, NC
| | - J Gu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Raleigh, NC
| | - J Serrano
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|