Magnesium iodide-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolines using molecular oxygen and visible light

We disclose a novel and efficient synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolines by aerobic photooxidative reaction catalyzed by magnesium iodide.

Synthesis of 2-hydroxymalonic acid derivatives via tandem oxidation and rearrangement by photo organic catalysis

This report describes a mild method for the direct transformation of β-oxoesters to the corresponding tartronic esters using singlet oxygen produced by a catalytic amount of methylene blue and visible light irradiation using fluorescent lamps.

Aerobic photooxidative synthesis of 2-aryl-4-quinazolinones from aromatic aldehydes and aminobenzamide using catalytic amounts of molecular iodine

This study reports a safe, mild, and environmentally benign synthetic method toward 2-aryl-4-quinazolinones through a cyclization–oxidation sequence using a catalytic amount of iodine, harmless visible light irradiation, and molecular oxygen.

Metal-free synthesis of imidazopyridine from nitroalkene and 2-aminopyridine in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine and aqueous hydrogen peroxide

We have developed a metal-free synthetic method for 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from nitroalkenes and 2-aminopyridines using catalytic amounts of iodine and aqueous hydrogen peroxide as a terminal oxidant.

Aerobic photooxidative direct asymmetric aldol reactions of benzyl alcohols using water as the solvent

We report an aerobic photooxidative direct asymmetric aldol reaction using water as the solvent.

Synthesis of benzoyl cyanide through aerobic photooxidation of benzyl cyanide using carbon tetrabromide as a catalyst

We developed a synthetic method toward benzoyl cyanide through aerobic photooxidation of benzyl cyanide in the presence of carbon tetrabromide under visible light irradiation with fluorescent lamps.

Risk factors of symptomatic NSAID-induced small intestinal injury and diaphragm disease

BACKGROUND

The aetiology for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injuries has not been well characterised.

AIM

To determine the risk factors of symptomatic NSAID-induced small intestinal injuries, including diaphragm disease.

METHODS

Of the 1262 symptomatic patients who underwent videocapsule endoscopy and/or double-balloon enteroscopy, 156 consecutive patients were verified as having taken NSAIDs. Their CYP2C9*2, *3 and *13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by allelic discrimination with Taqman 5'-nuclease assays.

RESULTS

Of the 156 NSAIDs users, 31 patients (20%) were diagnosed with NSAID-induced small intestinal injury. Multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of comorbidities and the use of oxicams (meloxicam, ampiroxicam and lornoxicam) or diclofenac were associated with an increased risk of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (adjusted OR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.05-8.41, P = 0.041 and adjusted OR: 7.05, 95% CI: 2.04-24.40, P = 0.002, respectively). The combination of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID was more damaging than aspirin alone. Age, sex, concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors, indications for NSAIDs use, duration of NSAIDs use and CYP2C9*2, *3 and *13SNPs were unrelated. The use of meloxicam and CYP2C9*3SNPs were significantly associated with an increased risk for diaphragm disease (adjusted OR: 183.75, 95% CI: 21.34-1582.38; P < 0.0001 and adjusted OR: 12.94, 95% CI: 1.55-108.36, P = 0.018, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The use of specific NSAIDs and the factors interfering with NSAIDs metabolism might associate with small intestinal injury, especially with diaphragm disease.