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Ratnaparkhe M, Hlevnjak M, Kolb T, Jauch A, Maass KK, Devens F, Rode A, Hovestadt V, Korshunov A, Pastorczak A, Mlynarski W, Sungalee S, Korbel J, Hoell J, Fischer U, Milde T, Kramm C, Nathrath M, Chrzanowska K, Tausch E, Takagi M, Taga T, Constantini S, Loeffen J, Meijerink J, Zielen S, Gohring G, Schlegelberger B, Maass E, Siebert R, Kunz J, Kulozik AE, Worst B, Jones DT, Pfister SM, Zapatka M, Lichter P, Ernst A. Genomic profiling of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in ataxia telangiectasia patients reveals tight link between ATM mutations and chromothripsis. Leukemia 2017; 31:2048-2056. [PMID: 28196983 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in sequencing technologies led to the discovery of a novel form of genomic instability, termed chromothripsis. This catastrophic genomic event, involved in tumorigenesis, is characterized by tens to hundreds of simultaneously acquired locally clustered rearrangements on one chromosome. We hypothesized that leukemias developing in individuals with Ataxia Telangiectasia, who are born with two mutated copies of the ATM gene, an essential guardian of genome stability, would show a higher prevalence of chromothripsis due to the associated defect in DNA double-strand break repair. Using whole-genome sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNA sequencing, we characterized the genomic landscape of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) arising in patients with Ataxia Telangiectasia. We detected a high frequency of chromothriptic events in these tumors, specifically on acrocentric chromosomes, as compared with tumors from individuals with other types of DNA repair syndromes (27 cases total, 10 with Ataxia Telangiectasia). Our data suggest that the genomic landscape of Ataxia Telangiectasia ALL is clearly distinct from that of sporadic ALL. Mechanistically, short telomeres and compromised DNA damage response in cells of Ataxia Telangiectasia patients may be linked with frequent chromothripsis. Furthermore, we show that ATM loss is associated with increased chromothripsis prevalence in additional tumor entities.
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Gärtner D, Ernst A, Fedtke K, Jenkner J, Schöttler A, Reimer P, Blüher M, Schön MR. [Routine fluoroscopic investigations after primary bariatric surgery]. Chirurg 2017; 87:241-6. [PMID: 26251036 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-015-0063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staple line and anastomotic leakages are life-threatening complications after bariatric surgery. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract X-ray examination with oral administration of a water-soluble contrast agent can be used to detect leaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of routine upper GI tract fluoroscopy after primary bariatric surgery. METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2014 a total of 658 bariatric interventions were carried out of which 442 were primary bariatric operations. Included in this single center study were 307 sleeve gastrectomies and 135 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses. Up to December 2012 upper GI tract fluoroscopy was performed routinely between the first and third postoperative days and the detection of leakages was evaluated. RESULTS In the investigation period 8 leakages (2.6 %) after sleeve gastrectomy, 1 anastomotic leakage in gastrojejunostomy and 1 in jejunojejunostomy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass occurred. All patients developed clinical symptoms, such as abdominal pain, tachycardia or fever. In one case the leakage was detected by upper GI fluoroscopy and in nine cases radiological findings were unremarkable. No leakages were detected in asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION Routine upper GI fluoroscopy is not recommended for uneventful postoperative courses after primary bariatric surgery.
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Wang Z, Vergniory MG, Kushwaha S, Hirschberger M, Chulkov EV, Ernst A, Ong NP, Cava RJ, Bernevig BA. Time-Reversal-Breaking Weyl Fermions in Magnetic Heusler Alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:236401. [PMID: 27982662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.236401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Weyl fermions have recently been observed in several time-reversal-invariant semimetals and photonics materials with broken inversion symmetry. These systems are expected to have exotic transport properties such as the chiral anomaly. However, most discovered Weyl materials possess a substantial number of Weyl nodes close to the Fermi level that give rise to complicated transport properties. Here we predict, for the first time, a new family of Weyl systems defined by broken time-reversal symmetry, namely, Co-based magnetic Heusler materials XCo_{2}Z (X=IVB or VB; Z=IVA or IIIA). To search for Weyl fermions in the centrosymmetric magnetic systems, we recall an easy and practical inversion invariant, which has been calculated to be -1, guaranteeing the existence of an odd number of pairs of Weyl fermions. These materials exhibit, when alloyed, only two Weyl nodes at the Fermi level-the minimum number possible in a condensed matter system. The Weyl nodes are protected by the rotational symmetry along the magnetic axis and separated by a large distance (of order 2π) in the Brillouin zone. The corresponding Fermi arcs have been calculated as well. This discovery provides a realistic and promising platform for manipulating and studying the magnetic Weyl physics in experiments.
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Hoffmann M, Marmodoro A, Ernst A, Hergert W, Dahl J, Lång J, Laukkanen P, Punkkinen MPJ, Kokko K. Quantitative description of short-range order and its influence on the electronic structure in Ag-Pd alloys. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:305501. [PMID: 27269809 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/30/305501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of short-range order (SRO) on the electronic structure in alloys from the theoretical point of view using density of states (DOS) data. In particular, the interaction between the atoms at different lattice sites is affected by chemical disorder, which in turn is reflected in the fine structure of the DOS and, hence, in the outcome of spectroscopic measurements. We aim at quantifying the degree of potential SRO with a proper parameter. The theoretical modeling is done with the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's function method. Therein, the extended multi-sublattice non-local coherent potential approximation is used to include SRO. As a model system, we use the binary solid solution Ag c Pd1-c at three representative concentrations c = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. The degree of SRO is varied from local ordering to local segregation through an intermediate completely uncorrelated state. We observe some pronounced features, which change over the whole energy range of the valence bands as a function of SRO in the alloy. These spectral variations should be traceable in modern photoemission experiments.
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Hajek A, Brettschneider C, Ernst A, Posselt T, Mamone S, Wiese B, Weyerer S, Werle J, Pentzek M, Fuchs A, Stein J, Luck T, Bickel H, Mösch E, Kleineidam L, Heser K, Maier W, Scherer M, Riedel-Heller S, König HH. Einflussfaktoren auf die Pflegebedürftigkeit im Längsschnitt. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016; 79:73-79. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mittmann P, Ernst A, Mittmann M, Todt I. Optimisation of the round window opening in cochlear implant surgery in wet and dry conditions: impact on intracochlear pressure changes. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:3609-3613. [PMID: 26993657 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-3993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To preserve residual hearing in cochlear implant candidates, the atraumatic insertion of the cochlea electrode has become a focus of cochlea implant research. In a previous study, intracochlear pressure changes during the opening of the round window membrane were investigated. In the current study, intracochlear pressure changes during opening of the round window membrane under dry and transfluid conditions were investigated. Round window openings were performed in an artificial cochlear model. Intracochlear pressure changes were measured using a micro-optical pressure sensor, which was placed in the apex. Openings of the round window membrane were performed under dry and wet conditions using a cannula and a diode laser. Statistically significant differences in the intracochlear pressure changes were seen between the different methods used for opening of the round window membrane. Lower pressure changes were seen by opening the round window membrane with the diode laser than with the cannula. A significant difference was seen between the dry and wet conditions. The atraumatic approach to the cochlea is assumed to be essential for the preservation of residual hearing. Opening of the round window under wet conditions produce a significant advantage on intracochlear pressure changes in comparison to dry conditions by limiting negative outward pressure.
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Takahashi Y, Miyamachi T, Ienaga K, Kawamura N, Ernst A, Komori F. Orbital Selectivity in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Distance-Dependent Tunneling Process Observed in Iron Nitride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:056802. [PMID: 26894727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.056802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In scanning tunneling microscopy, orbital selectivity of the tunneling process can make the topographic image dependent on a tip-surface distance. We have found reproducible dependence of the images on the distance for a monatomic layer of iron nitride formed on a Cu(001) surface. Observed atomic images systematically change between a regular dot array and a dimerized structure depending on the tip-surface distance, which turns out to be the only relevant parameter in the image variation. An accompanied change in the weight of Fe-3d local density of states to a tunneling background was detected in dI/dV spectra. These have been attributed to a shift in surface orbitals detected by the tip from the d states to the s/p states with increasing the tip-surface distance, consistent with an orbital assignment from first-principles calculations.
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Tikkanen J, Geilhufe M, Frontzek M, Hergert W, Ernst A, Paturi P, Udby L. The low-temperature magnetostructure and magnetic field response of Pr0.9Ca0.1MnO3: the roles of Pr spins and magnetic phase separation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:036001. [PMID: 26732100 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/3/036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of elucidating the background of photoinduced ferromagnetism phenomena observed in the perovskite structured (Pr,Ca) manganites, the low-temperature magnetostructure of the material Pr0.9Ca0.1MnO3 was revised using cold neutron powder diffraction, SQUID magnetometry and ab initio calculations. Particular emphasis was placed on determining the presence of nanoscale magnetic phase separation. Previously published results of a canted A-AFM average ground state were reproduced to a good precision both experimentally and theoretically, and complemented by investigating the effects of an applied magnetic field of 2.7 T on the magnetostructure. Explicit evidence of nanoscale magnetic clusters in the material was obtained based on high-resolution neutron diffractograms. Along with several supporting arguments, we present this finding as a justification for extending the nanoscale magnetic phase separation model of manganites to the material under discussion despite its very low Ca doping level in the context of the model. In the light of the new data, we also conclude that the low temperature magnetic moment of Pr must be ca. 300% larger than previously thought in this material, close to the high spin value of 2μB per formula unit.
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Schnurbein G, Wagner J, Todt I, Ernst A, Seidl RO. [Osteoradionecrosis of the sternoclavicular joint]. HNO 2016; 64:117-21. [PMID: 26795738 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Osteoradionecrosis is a rare, but feared, late complication after radiotherapy of the head and neck region. Its localization to the sternoclavicular joint has rarely been described so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data are from a retrospective study that included all patients admitted to the authors' clinic with osteoradionecrosis of the sternoclavicular joint during the last 5 years. Therapy and outcome were evaluated and compared to the established literature. RESULTS Over the past 5 years, 2 patients have been treated for pronounced osteoradionecrosis of the sternoclavicular joint. Both patients had received postoperative radiotherapy for tumors of the neck and chest, and presented with lesions involving the clavicle and the sternum. After eliminating the suspicion of recurrent cancer, both radiologic imaging and histopathologic evaluation confirmed an infection. Aggressive debridement with partial claviculectomy, partial sternectomy, and reconstruction using a pectoralis flap lead to the patients' recovery. CONCLUSION Osteoradionecrosis does not only affect bone, but also the surrounding soft tissue. Due to the changes associated with previous radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis should always be treated with radical debridement of the infected area, followed by flap reconstruction using unaffected tissue. The prognosis for the patient is then good.
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Hoffmann M, Borek S, Maznichenko IV, Ostanin S, Fischer G, Geilhufe M, Hergert W, Mertig I, Ernst A, Chassé A. Study of electronic and magnetic properties and related x-ray absorption spectroscopy of ultrathin Co films on BaTiO3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:426003. [PMID: 26443038 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/42/426003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles study of electronic and magnetic properties of thin Co films on a BaTiO3(0 0 1) single crystal. The crystalline structure of 1-3 monolayer thick Co films was determined and served as input for calculations of the electronic and magnetic properties of the films. The estimation of exchange constants indicates that the Co films are ferromagnetic with a high critical temperature, which depends on the film thickness and the interface geometry. In addition, we calculated x-ray absorption spectra, related magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and linear dichroism (XLD) of the Co L 2, 3 edges as a function of Co film thickness and ferroelectric polarization of BaTiO3. We found characteristic features, which depend strongly on the magnetic properties and the structure of the film. While there is only a weak dependence of XMCD spectra on the ferroelectric polarization, the XLD of the films is much more sensitive to the polarization switching, which could possibly be observed experimentally.
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Roehr S, Luck T, Bickel H, Brettschneider C, Ernst A, Fuchs A, Heser K, König HH, Jessen F, Lange C, Mösch E, Pentzek M, Steinmann S, Weyerer S, Werle J, Wiese B, Scherer M, Maier W, Riedel-Heller SG. Mortality in incident dementia - results from the German Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:257-69. [PMID: 26052745 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dementia is known to increase mortality, but the relative loss of life years and contributing factors are not well established. Thus, we aimed to investigate mortality in incident dementia from disease onset. METHOD Data were derived from the prospective longitudinal German AgeCoDe study. We used proportional hazards models to assess the impact of sociodemographic and health characteristics on mortality after dementia onset, Kaplan-Meier method for median survival times. RESULTS Of 3214 subjects at risk, 523 (16.3%) developed incident dementia during a 9-year follow-up period. Median survival time after onset was 3.2 years (95% CI = 2.8-3.7) at a mean age of 85.0 (SD = 4.0) years (≥2.6 life years lost compared with the general German population). Survival was shorter in older age, males other dementias than Alzheimer's, and in the absence of subjective memory complaints (SMC). CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize that dementia substantially shortens life expectancy. Future studies should further investigate the potential impact of SMC on mortality in dementia.
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Crum A, Horner R, Waters Y, Amin H, Ernst A, Weiss S, Sarangarm D. 277 Single-Item Health Literacy Screening Validation in Predicting Limited Health Literacy in an Academic Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Horner R, Crum A, Amin H, Waters Y, Ernst A, Weiss S, Sarangarm D. 268 Limited Health Literacy Is Not Associated With Increased Emergency Department Length of Stay. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lorite I, Zandalazini C, Esquinazi P, Spemann D, Friedländer S, Pöppl A, Michalsky T, Grundmann M, Vogt J, Meijer J, Heluani SP, Ohldag H, Adeagbo WA, Nayak SK, Hergert W, Ernst A, Hoffmann M. Study of the negative magneto-resistance of single proton-implanted lithium-doped ZnO microwires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:256002. [PMID: 26043764 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/25/256002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The magneto-transport properties of single proton-implanted ZnO and of Li(7%)-doped ZnO microwires have been studied. The as-grown microwires were highly insulating and not magnetic. After proton implantation the Li(7%) doped ZnO microwires showed a non-monotonous behavior of the negative magneto-resistance (MR) at temperature above 150 K. This is in contrast to the monotonous NMR observed below 50 K for proton-implanted ZnO. The observed difference in the transport properties of the wires is related to the amount of stable Zn vacancies created at the near surface region by the proton implantation and Li doping. The magnetic field dependence of the resistance might be explained by the formation of a magnetic/non-magnetic heterostructure in the wire after proton implantation.
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Dohrn N, Le VQ, Petersen A, Skovbo P, Pedersen IS, Ernst A, Krarup H, Petersen MB. ECEL1 mutation causes fetal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:731-43. [PMID: 25708584 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a descriptor for the clinical finding of congenital fixation of multiple joints. We present a consanguineous healthy couple with two pregnancies described with AMC due to characteristic findings on ultrasonography of fixated knee extension and reduced fetal movement at the gestational age of 13 weeks + 2 days and 12 weeks + 4 days. Both pregnancies were terminated and postmortem examinations were performed. The postmortem examinations confirmed AMC and suggested a diagnosis of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) due to characteristic histological findings in muscle biopsies. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on all four individuals and the outcome was filtered by application of multiple filtration parameters satisfying a recessive inheritance pattern. Only one gene, ECEL1, was predicted damaging and had previously been associated with neuromuscular disease or AMC. The variant found ECEL1 is a missense mutation in a highly conserved residue and was predicted pathogenic by prediction software. The finding expands the molecular basis of congenital contractures and the phenotypic spectrum of ECEL1 mutations. The histological pattern suggestive of CNM in the fetuses can expand the spectrum of genes causing CNM, as we propose that mutations in ECEL1 can cause CNM or a condition similar to this. Further investigation of this is needed and we advocate that future patients with similar clinical presentation or proven ECEL1 mutations are examined with muscle biopsy. Secondly, this study illustrates the great potential of the clinical application of WES in couples with recurrent abortions or stillborn neonates.
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Qin HJ, Zakeri K, Ernst A, Sandratskii LM, Buczek P, Marmodoro A, Chuang TH, Zhang Y, Kirschner J. Long-living terahertz magnons in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6126. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wunderlich R, Ernst A, Rödel F, Fietkau R, Ott O, Lauber K, Frey B, Gaipl US. Low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation up to 2 Gy modulate transmigration and chemotaxis of activated macrophages, provoke an anti-inflammatory cytokine milieu, but do not impact upon viability and phagocytic function. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:50-61. [PMID: 24730395 PMCID: PMC4260896 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign painful and inflammatory diseases have been treated for decades with low/moderate doses of ionizing radiation (LD-X-irradiation). Tissue macrophages regulate initiation and resolution of inflammation by the secretion of cytokines and by acting as professional phagocytes. Having these pivotal functions, we were interested in how activated macrophages are modulated by LD-X-irradiation, also with regard to radiation protection issues and carcinogenesis. We set up an ex-vivo model in which lipopolysaccharide pre-activated peritoneal macrophages (pMΦ) of radiosensitive BALB/c mice, mimicking activated macrophages under inflammatory conditions, were exposed to X-irradiation from 0·01 Gy up to 2 Gy. Afterwards, the viability of the pMΦ, their transmigration and chemotaxis, the phagocytic behaviour, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and underlying signalling pathways were determined. Exposure of pMΦ up to a single dose of 2 Gy did not influence their viability and phagocytic function, an important fact regarding radiation protection. However, significantly reduced migration, but increased chemotaxis of pMΦ after exposure to 0·1 or 0·5 Gy, was detected. Both might relate to the resolution of inflammation. Cytokine analyses revealed that, in particular, the moderate dose of 0·5 Gy applied in low-dose radiotherapy for inflammatory diseases results in an anti-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment of pMΦ, as the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β was reduced and that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β increased. Further, the reduced secretion of IL-1β correlated with reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, starting at exposure of pMΦ to 0·5 Gy of X-irradiation. We conclude that inflammation is modulated by LD-X-irradiation via changing the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.
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Balashov T, Buczek P, Sandratskii L, Ernst A, Wulfhekel W. Magnon dispersion in thin magnetic films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:394007. [PMID: 25212555 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/39/394007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the dispersion of magnons has been measured in many bulk materials, few studies deal with the changes in the dispersion when the material is in the form of a thin film, a system that is of interest for applications. Here we review inelastic tunneling spectroscopy studies of magnon dispersion in Mn/Cu3Au(1 0 0) and present new studies on Co and Ni thin films on Cu(1 0 0). The dispersion in Mn and Co films closely follows the dispersion of bulk samples with negligible dependence on thickness. The lifetime of magnons depends slightly on film thickness, and decreases considerably as the magnon energy increases. In Ni/Cu(1 0 0) films the thickness dependence of dispersion is much more pronounced. The measurements indicate a considerable mode softening for thinner films. Magnon lifetimes decrease dramatically near the edge of the Brillouin zone due to a close proximity of the Stoner continuum. The experimental study is supported by first-principles calculations.
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Roy S, Meyerheim HL, Ernst A, Mohseni K, Tusche C, Vergniory MG, Menshchikova TV, Otrokov MM, Ryabishchenkova AG, Aliev ZS, Babanly MB, Kokh KA, Tereshchenko OE, Chulkov EV, Schneider J, Kirschner J. Tuning the Dirac point position in Bi(2)Se(3)(0001) via surface carbon doping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:116802. [PMID: 25259997 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.116802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy in combination with ab initio calculations show that trace amounts of carbon doping of the Bi_{2}Se_{3} surface allows the controlled shift of the Dirac point within the bulk band gap. In contrast to expectation, no Rashba-split two-dimensional electron gas states appear. This unique electronic modification is related to surface structural modification characterized by an expansion of the top Se-Bi spacing of ≈11% as evidenced by surface x-ray diffraction. Our results provide new ways to tune the surface band structure of topological insulators.
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Guldbrandsen K, Hakonsen LB, Ernst A, Toft G, Lyngso J, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Age of menarche and time to pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2058-64. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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96
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Todt I, Lamecker H, Ramm H, Frenzel H, Wollenberg B, Beleites T, Zahnert T, Thomas J, Dazert S, Ernst A. Entwicklung eines CT-Daten-basierten Vibrant-Bonebridge-Viewers. HNO 2014; 62:439-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-014-2851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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97
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Todt I, Lamecker H, Ramm H, Ernst A. A computed tomographic data-based vibrant bonebridge visualization tool. Cochlear Implants Int 2014; 15 Suppl 1:S72-4. [DOI: 10.1179/1467010014z.000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Löhler J, Akcicek B, Wollenberg B, Schönweiler R, Verges L, Langer C, Machate U, Noppeney R, Schultz K, Kleeberg J, Junge-Hülsing B, Walther LE, Schlattmann P, Ernst A. Results in using the Freiburger monosyllabic speech test in noise without and with hearing aids. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:2135-42. [PMID: 24740734 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Freiburger Speech Test (FST) has been the gold standard in speech testing by word recognition score in Germany for many years. Recently, it has been demonstrated that for an amount of 104 test-persons there is no significant deviation within the lists. The objective of this study was to determine the percentiles of the distinct measuring situations in quiet and with noise (e.g. applied in hearing aid fitting) and the average benefit using hearing aids. In this prospective study, 623 patients with SNHL and equipped with hearing aids for at least 3 months have been investigated by means of the Freiburger monosyllabic test (FBE) without and with hearing aids and in quiet or with noise (CCITT noise, 65/60 dB signal-noise ratio) in free field conditions at 65 dB to determine the ratio of intelligibility. To investigate the different diagnostic conditions a linear mixed model was applied. The dependent binary variable corresponds to the number of understood syllables. The average age of all subjects was about 72.6 years. The average rate of understanding in the FBE without hearing aids and in quiet was 38.5 %, with hearing aids and in quiet 67.7 %, without hearing aids and with noise 22.4 %, and with hearing aids and with noise 39.8 %. All results were presented with the depending confidence intervals. The extent of hearing loss and the quality of hearing aid fitting can be successfully measured using the FST in quiet and with background noise (CCITT noise). In quiet, an average hearing improving gain of 29.2 % points and with noise a gain of 17.4 % points could be estimated with a successful hearing aid fitting.
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Abstract
Nowadays, specific and reproducible side-separated neurotologic testing of all vestibular receptors is possible. Assessment of saccular function by measuring cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) is well established. Reliable screening tests exist for the isolated assessment of utricular function. These tests can be performed even in less well-equipped surroundings to generate information regarding a possible partial dysfunction of the otolith organs. Apart from assessing the functionality of the semicircular canals by caloric irrigation and the head impulse test, screening for otolith disorders should be part of a comprehensive modern vestibular examination. Neurofeedbacktraining is an effective therapy in the treatment of otholith disorders.
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Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG, Luppa M, Wiese B, Köhler M, Jessen F, Bickel H, Weyerer S, Pentzek M, König HH, Prokein J, Ernst A, Wagner M, Mösch E, Werle J, Fuchs A, Brettschneider C, Scherer M, Maier W. Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 genotype and a physically active lifestyle in late life: analysis of gene-environment interaction for the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1319-1329. [PMID: 23883793 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As physical activity may modify the effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele on the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, we tested for such a gene-environment interaction in a sample of general practice patients aged ⩾75 years. METHOD Data were derived from follow-up waves I-IV of the longitudinal German study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe). The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to estimate dementia- and AD-free survival times. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess individual associations of APOE ε4 and physical activity with risk for dementia and AD, controlling for covariates. We tested for gene-environment interaction by calculating three indices of additive interaction. RESULTS Among the randomly selected sample of 6619 patients, 3327 (50.3%) individuals participated in the study at baseline and 2810 (42.5%) at follow-up I. Of the 2492 patients without dementia included at follow-up I, 278 developed dementia (184 AD) over the subsequent follow-up interval of 4.5 years. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele significantly increased and higher physical activity significantly decreased risk for dementia and AD. The co-presence of APOE ε4 with low physical activity was associated with higher risk for dementia and AD and shorter dementia- and AD-free survival time than the presence of APOE ε4 or low physical activity alone. Indices of interaction indicated no significant interaction between low physical activity and the APOE ε4 allele for general dementia risk, but a possible additive interaction for AD risk. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity even in late life may be effective in reducing conversion to dementia and AD or in delaying the onset of clinical manifestations. APOE ε4 carriers may particularly benefit from increasing physical activity with regard to their risk for AD.
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