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Liang Y, Jiang J, Su M, Liu Z, Guo W, Huang X, Xie R, Ge S, Hu J, Jiang Z, Zhu M, Wong VWS, Chan HLY. Predictors of relapse in chronic hepatitis B after discontinuation of anti-viral therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:344-52. [PMID: 21671967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal duration of anti-viral therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear. AIM To investigate factors that could predict relapse after stopping anti-viral agents. METHODS Chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with anti-viral agents (lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir) and have stopped the treatment were recruited. Anti-viral agents were stopped according to the recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver. Virological relapse was defined as an increase in serum HBV DNA to >1000 copies/mL after discontinuation of treatment. RESULTS Eighty-four (69 treatment naïve and 15 lamivudine resistant) patients were eligible for this study. Thirty-seven patients developed virological relapse at 4.3 ± 2.9 (range 1-11) months after discontinuation of therapy. The 1-year cumulative probability of virological relapse was 42% and 47% in HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen)-positive (n = 41) and HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen)-negative (n = 43) patients, respectively. On multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, pre-existing lamivudine resistance, delayed suppression of HBV DNA to undetectable level during anti-viral therapy and to a higher HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) level at the end of treatment were associated with virological relapse. Twelve of the 15 (80%) lamivudine resistant patients developed virological relapse. Among the 11 treatment naïve patients who had HBsAg ≤ 2 log IU/mL at the end of treatment, 1 (9%) of them had virological relapse. CONCLUSIONS Treatment cessation among lamivudine resistant patients is associated with high risk of virological relapse. Serum HBsAg level at the end of treatment and rate of HBV DNA suppression can provide supplementary information to guide the timing of stopping anti-viral drugs.
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Ge S, Bekins B, Bredehoeft J, Brown K, Davis EE, Gorelick SM, Henry P, Kooi H, Moench AF, Ruppel C, Sauter M, Screaton E, Swart P, Tokunaga T, Voss C, Whitaker F. Fluid flow in sub-sea floor processes and future ocean drilling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2003eo160002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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78
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Shen Y, Zhong Y, Lai C, Liu X, You Z, Ge S, Yi Y, Wang T, Shaw C. TU-A-301-06: Image Quality, Dose Saving and Scatter Reduction in Dual-Resolution Cone Beam CT Breast Imaging Using Two Different VOI Scanning Techniques. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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79
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Yi Y, Shen Y, Lai C, Liu X, Zhong Y, Ge S, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. TH-E-110-10: Doses in Volume-Of-Interest Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)- a Monte Carlo Simulation Study. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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80
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Zhong Y, You Z, Shen Y, Liu X, Lai C, Wang T, Ge S, Yi Y, Shaw C. SU-E-I-149: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Using 2D Source Scanning Patterns: A Simulation Study. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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81
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Liu X, Lai C, Shaw C, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Yi Y, Ge S, You Z. SU-C-301-05: Comparative Low-Contrast Performance of Scan Equalization Digital Mammography (SEDM) v.s. Full-Field Digital Mammography (FFDM): A Simulation Study with Micro-Calcifications. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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82
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Ge S, Lai C, Yi Y, Shen Y, Liu X, Zhong Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-E-I-17: Evaluation of Cone Beam Breast CT (CBCT) System: Detection of Randomly Distributed Micro-Calcification and the Effect of Beam Hardening Filter. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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83
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Shen Y, Liu X, Lai C, Zhong Y, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. TU-A-301-01: Microcalcifications Visibility in Cone Beam Breast CT with Various Flat Panel Detectors. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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84
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Nojima K, Ge S, Katayama Y, Iramina K. P20-6 rTMS effects of the pulses number on the inter-reversal time of perceptual reversal. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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85
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Pan K, Sun Q, Zhang J, Ge S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang P. Multilineage differentiation of dental follicle cells and the roles of Runx2 over-expression in enhancing osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expression in dental follicle cells. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:219-28. [PMID: 20546240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental follicle cells (DFCs) provide the origin of periodontal tissues, and Runx2 is essential for bone formation and tooth development. In this study, pluripotency of DFCs was evaluated and effects of Runx2 on them were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DFCs were induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes, and alizarin red staining, oil red O staining or alcian blue staining was performed to reveal the differentiated states. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and primary mouse fibroblasts served as controls. DFCs were also infected with recombinant retroviruses encoding either full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 without the VWRPY motif. Western blot analysis, real-time real time RT-PCR and in vitro mineralization assay were performed to evaluate the effects of full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 on osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of the cells. RESULTS The above-mentioned staining methods demonstrated that DFCs were successfully induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes respectively, confirming the existence of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells in dental follicle tissues. However, staining intensity in DFC cultures was weaker than in BMSC cultures. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that mutant Runx2 induced a more pronounced increase in expression levels of OC, OPN, Col I and CP23 than full-length Runx2. Mineralization assay also showed that mutant Runx2 increased mineralization nodule formation more prominently than full-length Runx2. CONCLUSIONS Multipotent DFCs can be induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes in vitro. Runx2 over-expression up-regulated expression levels of osteoblast/cementoblast-related genes and in vitro enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In addition, mutant Runx2-induced changes in DFCs were more prominent than those induced by full-length Runx2.
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Lai C, Liu X, Zhong Y, Shen Y, Han T, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. WE-A-201B-02: Calcification Visibility in Cone Beam Breast CT: Effects of Under-Sampling and Limited Angle Scans. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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87
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Yi Y, Lai C, Han T, Liu X, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Ge S, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-GG-I-29: Comparison of Ellipsoidal and Cylindrical Breast Phantoms for Accuracy of Monte Carlo Dose Estimation in Cone Beam Breast CT. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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88
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Nojima K, Ge S, Katayama Y, Iramina K. Time change of perceptual reversal of ambiguous figures by rTMS. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:6579-6582. [PMID: 21096511 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stimulus frequency and number of pulses during rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) on the phenomenon of perceptual reversal. Particularly, we focused on the temporal dynamics of perceptual reversal in the right SPL (superior parietal lobule), using the spinning wheel illusion. We measured the IRT (inter-reversal time) of perceptual reversal. To investigate whether stimulus frequency or the number of pulses is critical for the rTMS effect, we applied the following schedules over the right SPL and the right PTL (posterior temporal lobe): 0.25Hz 60 pulses, 0.25Hz 120pulses, 0.5Hz 120 pulses, and 1Hz 120 pulses biphasic rTMS at 90% of the resting motor threshold. As a control, we included a No-TMS condition. The results showed that rTMS with 0.25Hz 60 pulses over the right SPL caused shorter IRT. There were no significant differences between IRTs for rTMS with 0.25Hz 120 pulses, 0.5Hz 120 pulses or 1Hz 120 pulses over the right SPL. Comparing these results with those of a previous study, we found that an rTMS condition with 60 pulses causes shorter IRT; 240 pulses causes longer IRT; and 120 pulses does not change IRT. Therefore, when applying rTMS over the right SPL, the IRT of perceptual reversal is primarily affected by the number of pulses.
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Luo Y, McCann L, Ingham E, Jin ZM, Ge S, Fisher J. Polyurethane as a potential knee hemiarthroplasty biomaterial: An in-vitro simulation of its tribological performance. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 224:415-25. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemiarthroplasty is an attractive alternative to total joint replacement for the young active patient, when only one side of the synovial joint is damaged. In the development of a hemiarthroplasty prosthesis, a comprehensive understanding of the tribology of both the natural joint and the hemireplaced joint is necessary. The objectives of this study were to investigate the tribological response of polyurethane (PU) as a potential hemiarthroplasty material. Bovine medial compartmental knees were tested in a Prosim pendulum friction simulator, which applied physiologically relevant loading and motion. The healthy medial compartment was investigated as a negative control; a stainless steel hemiarthroplasty was investigated as a positive control; and three PU hemiarthroplasty plates of different moduli (1.4 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 22 MPa) were also investigated. Using the lower-modulus PU caused reduced levels of contact stress and friction shear stress, which resulted in reduced levels of opposing cartilage wear. The two PU bearings with the lowest moduli demonstrated a similar tribological performance to the negative control. The higher-modulus PU (22 MPa) did demonstrate higher levels of friction shear stress, and wear resulted on the opposing cartilage, although not as severe as the wear from the stainless steel group. This study supports the use of compliant PU designs in future tribological experiments and hemiarthroplasty design applications.
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Yi Y, Han T, Lai C, Chen L, Liu X, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Ge S, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-21: Dose Variation with Breast Density in Cone Beam Breast CT- a Monte Carlo Simulation Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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91
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Ge S, Lai C, Pan T, Han T, Chen L, Shen Y, Liu X, Zhong Y, Wang T, Yi Y, Zhang H, You Z, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-29: Comparison of Dedicated Cone-Beam Breast CT with Conventional CT for Detection of Micro-Calcification. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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92
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Zhong Y, Lai C, Han T, Chen L, Shen Y, Liu X, Wang T, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-12: A Total Variation Based Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm for Cone Beam Breast CT with Under-Sampled Projection Views. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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93
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Yi Y, Han T, Liu X, Shen Y, Chen L, Zhong Y, Lai C, Ge S, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. MO-D-304A-09: Multi-Slice CT Versus Cone Beam CT for Breast Imaging: Radiation Dose Distributions with Monte Carlo Simulation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Han T, Zhong Y, Chen L, Lai C, Liu X, Shen Y, Ge S, Yi Y, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-41: Accuracy and Computing Time of a Ray-Driven Projector/back-Projector for Simulation and Reconstruction in Tomosynthesis and Cone Beam CT Imaging. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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95
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Han T, Lai C, Chen L, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Liu X, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Whitman G, Yang W, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-140: Cone Beam Breast CT Versus Mammography for Breast Density Measurement. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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96
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Lai C, You Z, Zhong Y, Shen Y, Chen L, Liu X, Han T, Ge S, Yi Y, Geiser W, Whitman G, Yang W, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-114: Effects of Exposure Level and Anatomical Background On Detection of Simulated Microcalcifications in Digital Mammography. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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97
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Shen Y, Chen L, Zhong Y, Ge S, Han T, Yi Y, You Z, Liu X, Lai C, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-28: Effects of Voxel Size On Visibility of Microcalcifications in Cone Beam Breast CT. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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98
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Chen L, Lai C, Zhong Y, Ge S, Han T, Liu X, Shen Y, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-23: Full-Scan Versus Half-Scan in Cone Beam Breast CT - a Quantitative Comparison. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Liu X, Lai C, Chen L, Han T, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Yi Y, Ge S, Wang T, Shaw C. WE-C-304A-01: A-Se Flat-Panel (FP) Detector Based Scan Equalization Digital Radiography (SEDR) System: A Chest Phantom Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shen Y, Ge S, Chen L, Yi Y, You Z, Han T, Zhong Y, Liu X, Lai C, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-20: Visibility of Simulated Microcalcifications with An ASi/aSe Flat Panel Detector Based Cone Beam CT System. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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