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Chen Y, Wang T, Guan M, Zhao W, Leung FKL, Pan H, Cao X, Guo XE, Lu WW. Bone turnover and articular cartilage differences localized to subchondral cysts in knees with advanced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:2174-2183. [PMID: 26241776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in bone structure, turnover, and articular cartilage localized in subchondral bone cyst (SBC) regions associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Tibial plateaus (n = 97) were collected from knee OA patients during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). SBCs were identified using micro-computed tomography, and the specimens were divided into non-cyst (n = 25) and bone cyst (n = 72) groups. Microstructure of subchondral bone was assessed using bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), structure model index (SMI) and bone mineral density (BMD). In bone cyst group, the cyst subregion, which contained at least one cyst, and the peri-cyst subregion, which contained no cysts, were further selected for microstructure analysis. Articular cartilage damage was estimated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. The numbers of TRAP(+) osteoclasts, Osterix(+) osteoprogenitors, Osteocalcin(+) osteoblasts and expression of SOX9 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Bone cyst group presented higher BV/TV, Tb.N and SMI at subchondral bone than non-cyst group. Furthermore, cyst subregion displayed increased BV/TV and Tb.N but lower BMD and SMI than peri-cyst subregion. Histology revealed a higher OARSI score in bone cyst group. SBC exhibited a weak relationship with BV/TV, etc. The numbers of TRAP(+) osteoclasts, Osterix(+) osteoprogenitors, Osteocalcin(+) osteoblasts and expression of SOX9, were higher in bone cyst group. CONCLUSION SBCs within knee OA are characterized by focally increased bone turnover, altered bone structure and more severe articular cartilage damage. The increased bone turnover possibly contributes to altered bone structure localized in SBC areas, and thus aggravates articular cartilage degeneration.
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Tsang D, Townsend C, Cao X, Szumacher E. RBApp: Creation and Evaluation of an Educational Mobile Application for Radiobiology Calculations in Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhou R, Wu Z, Cao X, Jiang FL. Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild tomatoes revealed by morphological traits and SSR markers. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:13868-79. [PMID: 26535702 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.29.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, morphological traits and molecular markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 29 cultivated tomatoes, 14 wild tomatoes and seven introgression lines. The three components of the principal component analysis (PCA) explained 78.54% of the total morphological variation in the 50 tomato genotypes assessed. Based on these morphological traits, a three-dimensional PCA plot separated the 50 genotypes into distinct groups, and a dendrogram divided them into six clusters. Fifteen polymorphic genomic simple- sequence repeat (genomic-SSR) and 13 polymorphic expressed sequence tag-derived SSR (EST-SSR) markers amplified 1115 and 780 clear fragments, respectively. Genomic-SSRs detected a total of 64 alleles, with a mean of 4 alleles per primer, while EST-SSRs detected 52 alleles, with a mean of 4 alleles per primer. The polymorphism information content was slightly higher in genomic-SSRs (0.49) than in EST-SSRs (0.45). The mean similarity coefficient among the wild tomatoes was lower than the mean similarity coefficient among the cultivated tomatoes. The dendrogram based on genetic distance divided the 50 tomato genotypes into eight clusters. The Mantel test between genomic-SSR and EST-SSR matrices revealed a good correlation, whereas the morphological matrices and the molecular matrices were weakly correlated. We confirm the applicability of EST-SSRs in analyzing genetic diversity among cultivated and wild tomatoes. High variability of the 50 tomato genotypes was observed at the morphological and molecular level, indicating valuable tomato germplasm, especially in the wild tomatoes, which could be used for further genetic studies.
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Cao X, Xia HY, Zhang T, Qi LC, Zhang BY, Cui R, Chen X, Zhao YR, Li XQ. Protective effect of lyophilized recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:13300-11. [PMID: 26535643 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.26.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has a protective effect on acute injury of the heart, brain, and lung. However, its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lyophilized recombinant human BNP (lrh-BNP) on AKI and the underlying molecular mechanisms. An experimental model for AKI was established using an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) procedure. Healthy adult BALB/c mice were randomized to the sham, I/R, and lrh-BNP-treated post-I/R (BNP + I/R) groups. Post-operatively, the BNP + I/R group was subcutaneously injected with lrh-BNP (0.03 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)), whereas the other groups received saline at the same dose. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen levels were examined; tissue staining was performed to evaluate the degree of I/R injury (IRI). Ki67 positive staining of renal tubular epithelial cells was observed using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning to assess the effect of BNP on cell proliferation after IRI. Inflammatory factor expression levels were detected to evaluate the effect of BNP on renal inflammation. Compared with the sham group, the I/R group showed increased Scr levels, severe tubular injury of the renal outer medulla, increased Kim-1 mRNA expression, an increased number of infiltrative macrophages in the renal interstitium, and increased TNF-α, IL- 1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and HIF-1α mRNA expression. BNP delivery significantly reduced all pathological changes in the I/R group. The protective role of BNP in murine renal IRI may be associated with its inhibition of renal interstitial inflammation and hypoxia and its promotion of renal tubule repair.
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Ma J, Duan Y, Qin Z, Wang J, Liu W, Xu M, Zhou S, Cao X. Overexpression of αCaMKII impairs behavioral flexibility and NMDAR-dependent long-term depression in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2015; 310:528-40. [PMID: 26415772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) participates in the behavioral flexibility. As a major downstream molecule in the NMDA receptor signaling, alpha-Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) is crucial for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampus-related memory. However, the role of αCaMKII in mPFC-related behavioral flexibility and mPFC synaptic plasticity remains elusive. In the present study, using chemical-genetic approaches to temporally up-regulate αCaMKII activity, we found that αCaMKII-F89G transgenic mice exhibited impaired behavioral flexibility in Y-water maze arm reversal task. Notably, in vitro electrophysiological analysis showed normal basal synaptic transmission, LTP and depotentiation, but selectively impaired NMDAR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the mPFC of αCaMKII-F89G transgenic mice. In accordance with the deficit in NMDAR-dependent LTD, αCaMKII-F89G transgenic mice exhibited impaired AMPAR internalization during NMDAR-dependent chemical LTD expression in the mPFC. Furthermore, the above deficits in behavioral flexibility, NMDAR-dependent LTD and AMPAR internalization could all be reversed by 1-naphthylmethyl (NM)-PP1, a specific inhibitor of exogenous αCaMKII-F89G activity. Taken together, our results for the first time indicate that αCaMKII overexpression in the forebrain impairs behavioral flexibility and NMDAR-dependent LTD in the mPFC, and supports the notion that there is a close relationship between NMDAR-dependent LTD and behavioral flexibility.
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Zhu Y, Cao X, Fang Y, Zhong C, Xu D. Mean monocyte volume is significantly increased in postsurgical bacterial infection. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:e145-6. [PMID: 26074347 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang Q, Sun X, Chen Y, Zhang M, Tang L, Liu S, Wei R, Wang S, Zhou J, Cao X, Zhang W, Cai G, Chen X. A Study of the Applicability of GFR Evaluation Equations for an Elderly Chinese Population. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:693-701. [PMID: 26054507 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study screened current GFR evaluation equations that showed high accuracy for elderly populations and evaluated the applicability of these equations for an elderly Chinese population. MEASUREMENTS A standard dual plasma sampling method (DPSM) of estimating 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid clearance was used to determine measured GFR (mGFR). RESULTS Comprehensive information was received for a total of 151 elderly individuals, with a mean mGFR of 65.39 ± 24.19 ml/min/1.73 m2. For the overall samples, the accuracy (P30), bias, absolute bias and interquartile ranges (IQRs) of the CKD2 (cystatin C(CysC)-serum creatinine(SCr)), CKD-EPI(CysC-SCr), Cockcroft-Gault(CG), CKD2(CysC), CKD-EPI(CysC), and Hoek equations were superior to c-aGFR3, c-aGFR4 and Grubb equation, Bland-Altman analysis also demonstrated a consistent result. Among elderly subjects with mGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, the CKD2 (CysC-SCr) and CKD-EPI (CysC-SCr) equations showed significantly higher correlations and accuracy than the other examined equations. Among elderly subjects with mGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2, only the CG equation showed an accuracy (P30) of greater than 70% and demonstrated higher precision than the other examined equations. CONCLUSION For the elderly population, the CG, CKD2, CKD-EPI, and Hoek equations exhibited good accuracy. The CKD2(CysC-SCr) equation and CKD-EPI(CysC-SCr) equation demonstrated relatively high accuracy for evaluating elderly subjects with mGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, whereas the CG equation was more suitable for evaluating elderly subjects with mGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
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Cao X. SP0212 TGFBeta: An Ambivalent Role in Bone and Cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chen G, Huang S, Gao J, Bai X, Wang W, Cao X. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers via cross-species amplification of Paramisgurnus dabryanus. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:5694-8. [PMID: 26125768 DOI: 10.4238/2015.may.29.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The large-scale loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus, is a small freshwater fish of major economic importance in many Asian countries, particularly China and South Korea. Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers were obtained through cross-species amplification between this loach and a related species, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (GenBank accession numbers: KC117456 to KC117470). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 12 among 40 individuals, and the average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.344 and 0.828, respectively. Three loci showed significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These polymorphic loci could provide a valuable tool for investigations of the population genetics, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of P. dabryanus.
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Ma X, Wang J, Zhang W, Cao X, Chen Y, He A, Liu J, Yang N, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu Y. Comparison of porcine anti-human lymphocyte globulin and rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia: a retrospective single-center study. Eur J Haematol 2015; 96:260-8. [PMID: 25966958 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Cao X, Wu Z, Zhou R, Jiang FL, Yang ZE. A novel random amplified polymorphic DNA-based strategy for genetic diversity analysis and identification of tomatoes. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:1650-61. [PMID: 25867307 DOI: 10.4238/2015.march.6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cultivar identification diagrams (CIDs) provide a rapid and efficient approach for identifying cultivars based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In this paper, 64 tomato cultivars were identified using a CID. Using RAPD profiles, clustering analysis was performed to analyze genetic diversity. The results showed that 8 RAPD primers could completely separate the 64 cultivars according to the obtained polymorphic bands; a CID of the 64 tomato cultivars was then constructed. As verification of the CID validity, 8 randomly selected cultivars were investigated and proven to be well distinguished. In addition, 33 DNA bands were obtained, 20 (60.6%) of which were polymorphic. Genetic distances were calculated with a range of 0.032 to 1.402. Clustering analysis showed that the 64 tomato cultivars were divided into 4 groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.40. Using this novel strategy, with the same RAPD data, both CID and clustering analysis can simultaneously determine tomato cultivars and their genetic diversity.
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Zhang D, Lv S, Song X, Yuan F, Xu F, Zhang M, Yan S, Cao X. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Heart 2015; 101:455-62. [PMID: 25637372 PMCID: PMC4413679 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether fractional flow reserve (FFR) should be performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to guide the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategy. Background PCI is the most effective method to improve the outcomes of CAD. However, the proper usage of PCI has not been achieved in clinical practice. Methods A meta-analysis was performed on angiography-guided PCI and FFR-guided PCI strategies. Prospective and retrospective studies were included when research subjects were patients with CAD undergoing PCI. The primary endpoint was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Secondary endpoints included death, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularisation and death or MI. Results Four prospective and three retrospective studies involving 49 517 patients were included. Absolute risks of MACE/MACCE, death, MI, revascularisation and death or MI for angiography-guided PCI and FFR-guided PCI were 34.8% vs 22.5%, 15.3% vs 7.6%, 8.1% vs 4.2%, 20.4% vs 14.8%, and 21.9% vs 11.8%, respectively. The meta-analysis demonstrated that FFR-guided PCI was associated with lower MACE/MACCE (OR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.23), death (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.96), MI (OR: 2.05, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.60), repeat revascularisation (OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.44), and death or MI (OR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.15) than angiography-guided PCI strategy. Conclusions This meta-analysis supports current guidelines advising the FFR-guided PCI strategy for CAD. PCI should only be performed when haemodynamic significance is found.
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Cheng D, Cao X, Gao H, Hou J, Li W, Hao L, Wang Y. Engineering poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite microspheres with diverse macropores patterns and the cellular responses. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design macroporous topography on spherical substrates via a straightforward approach and investigate the corresponding cell responses.
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Xu Q, Cao X, Pan J, Ye Y, Xie Y, Ohara N, Ji H. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) remodels the extracellular matrix through enhancing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibiting tissue inhibitors of MMPs expression in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:539-545. [PMID: 26513879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PUPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To study the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) in uterine cervical cancer cell lines in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS EMMPRIN, MMPs, and TIMPs expression were assessed by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR from cervical carcinoma SiHa, HeLa, and C33-A cells. RESULTS EMMPRIN recombinant significantly increased MMP-2, MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression in SiHa and Hela cells, but not in C33-A cells by Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. EMMPRIN recombinant significantly inhibited TIMP-1 protein and mRNA levels in SiHa and Hela cells, but not in C33-A cells. There was no difference on the TIMP-2 expression in those cells with the treatment of EMMPRIN recombinant. EMMPRIN RNAi decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increased TIMP-1 expression in SiHa and HeLa cells, but not in C33-A cells. There was no change on the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA levels in SiHa, HeLa and C33-A cells transfected with siEMMPRIN. CONCLUSION EMMPRIN may induce MMP-2 and MMP-9, and downregulate TIMP-1 in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells in vitro.
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Gao S, Tu D, Li H, Cao X, Jiang J, Shi Y, Zhou X, You J. Relationship between zinc and the growth and development of young children. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:9730-8. [DOI: 10.4238/2015.august.19.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cao X, Ou W, Tian S, Wang C, Zhu Z, Wang J, Gou F, Yang D, Chen S. A new facility for studying plasma interacting with flowing liquid lithium surface. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cao X, Shen W. Need for clarification of data in a recent meta-analysis on the association of NQO1 C609T polymorphism with cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2201-2. [PMID: 25349978 PMCID: PMC4260015 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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168
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Cao X, Zhou XM, Gan R, Jiang LQ, Lu L, Wang Y, Fan N, Yin Y, Yan NH, Yu WH, Liu XY. A novel mutation of PAX6 identified in a Chinese twin family with congenital aniridia complicated with nystagmus. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:8679-85. [PMID: 25366758 DOI: 10.4238/2014.october.27.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations within the paired box gene 6 (PAX6) gene are associated with congenital aniridia. To detect the genetic defects in a Chinese twin family with congenital aniridia and nystagmus, exons of PAX6 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and compared with a reference database. Six members from the family of three generations were included in the study. The twins' father presented with congenital aniridia, nystagmus and cataract at birth, while the twins presented with congenital aniridia and nystagmus. A novel mutation c.888 insA in exon 10 of PAX6 was identified in all affected individuals. This study suggests that the novel mutation c.888 insA is likely responsible for the pathogenesis of the congenital aniridia and nystagmus in this pedigree. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this mutation in PAX6 gene in pedigree with aniridia. Furthermore, no PAX6 gene defect was reported in twins with congenital aniridia.
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Xu Y, Jin B, Sun L, Yang H, Cao X, Zhang G. The expression of FoxO1 in placenta and omental adipose tissue of gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122:287-94. [PMID: 24839223 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate FoxO1 expression in term placenta and omental adipose tissue between pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glucose tolerance (control). The relationship between FoxO1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cultured trophoblast cells was also investigated.Maternal serum, term placenta and omental adipose tissue were collected from the GDM group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β concentration was measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum insulin (FIN) were investigated to calculate an insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine the localization of FoxO1 protein in the placenta and adipose tissue. Real time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to compare the levels of FoxO1 and TNF-α gene and protein between the 2 groups. Trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo cells) were cultured to detect the regulation of TNF-α on FoxO1 expression. The effect of FoxO1 knockdown on TNF-α stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also investigated.Compared to control group, Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β concentration was higher in GDM group. FoxO1 was expressed in both the placenta and omental adipose tissue. The gene and protein expression of FoxO1 and TNF-α was higher in the GDM group than the control group in both tissues. The expression of FoxO1 in the placenta was positively correlated with HOMA-IR and TNF-α. Stimulation of TNF-α gene increased the expression of FoxO1 in cultured trophoblast cells. FoxO1 deletion in these cells attenuated TNF-α-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6.FoxO1 has a potential role as a pro-inflammatory factor in GDM, and may be involved in the development of IR through interaction with TNF-α.
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Du B, Zhen L, de Groot R, Goulden CE, Long X, Cao X, Wu R, Sun C. Changing patterns of basic household consumption in the Inner Mongolian grasslands: a case study of policy-oriented adoptive changes in the use of grasslands. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/rj14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems, as the basic natural resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, are becoming increasingly sensitive to human intervention, leading to deterioration in fragile ecosystems. The goal of this study was to describe the restoration policy-oriented adoptive changes to basic household consumption patterns of food, fuel, and water, and their spatial distribution by grassland types in the region. Basic household consumption data were collected in the meadow steppe (Hulun Buir), typical steppe (Xilin Gol), and semi-desert steppe (Ordos) ecosystems using structured questionnaires administered to 209 herders and farmers. In 2010, the householders’ intake comprised a low amount of agri-crops, including staple foods, vegetables and fruit with a high amount of meat, which still dominated the patterns of food consumption. However, the number of households preferring this pattern is decreasing and higher amounts of agri-crop and lower amounts of meat consumption pattern is increasing. From 1995 to 2010, fuel consumption patterns changed from being dominated by bio-fuels (dung) to being dominated mainly by electricity and gas. However, bio-fuel remains a major energy source for daily life in the meadow steppe ecosystem. In all three surveyed grassland types, the use of coal, electricity and gas increased from 1995 to 2010. The source of domestic water in all three surveyed areas is from groundwater, with an increasing trend to use tap water from a public supply rather than from privately owned wells.
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Jiao K, Zhang M, Niu L, Yu S, Zhen G, Xian L, Yu B, Yang K, Liu P, Cao X, Wang M. Overexpressed TGF-β in subchondral bone leads to mandibular condyle degradation. J Dent Res 2013; 93:140-7. [PMID: 24309371 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513513034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has implied that subchondral bone plays an important role during osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. This study was undertaken to investigate whether abnormalities of the condylar subchondral bone lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) OA. We used an osteoblast-specific mutant TGF-β1 transgenic mouse, the CED mouse, in which high levels of active TGF-β1 occur in bone marrow, leading to abnormal bone remodeling. Subchondral bone changes in the mandibular condyles were investigated by micro-CT, and alterations in TMJ condyles were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Abnormalities in the condylar subchondral bone, characterized as fluctuant bone mineral density and microstructure and increased but uncoupled activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, were apparent in the 1- and 4-month CED mouse groups, while obvious cartilage degradation, in the form of cell-free regions and proteoglycan loss, was observed in the 4-month CED group. In addition, increased numbers of apoptotic chondrocytes and MMP9- and VEGF-positive chondrocytes were observed in the condylar cartilage in the 4-month CED group, but not in the 1-month CED group, compared with their respective age-matched controls. This study demonstrated that progressive degradation of mandibular condylar cartilage could be induced by the abnormal remodeling of the underlying subchondral bone during TMJOA progression.
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Li H, Huang F, Fan L, Jiang Y, Wang X, Li J, Wang Q, Pan H, Sun J, Cao X, Wang X. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 is associated with breast cancer metastasis through Src-mediated Akt tyrosine phosphorylation. Oncogene 2013; 33:4589-98. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gu Z, Jiang J, Xia Y, Yue X, Yan M, Tao T, Cao X, Da Z, Liu H, Liu H, Miao Y, Li L, Wang Z. p21 is Associated with the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Non-obese Diabetic Mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:607-13. [PMID: 24277484 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1354380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hu X, Fang Y, Li H, Liu W, Lin S, Fu M, Li X, Cao X, Zhang H, You C, Liu M. Protocol for Seizure Prophylaxis following Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study (SPICH): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Short-Term Sodium Valproate Prophylaxis in Patients with Acute Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Int J Stroke 2013; 9:814-7. [PMID: 24025111 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage are a common complication and may adversely affect neurological outcome. However, studies are inadequate on the utility of prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and the results remains controversial. Aims This study aims to determine if short-duration sodium valproate prevents seizure onset or improves the survival and neurological outcome in adults after acute spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Design In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 258 patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be enrolled in the Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital. In addition to standard care, patients will be randomly assigned to receive seven-day prophylaxis of sodium valproate 500 mg daily (alternatively 400 mg daily by intravenous infusion in 250 ml 0·9% normal saline) or matching placebo. Patients will be followed up at seven-days, 3, 6, and 12 months. Study outcomes The primary outcomes are early (≤7 days) and late onset seizures (>7 days). Secondary outcomes include midline shift, enlargement of hematoma, death (all cause), adverse effects, and functional outcome assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale and modified Rankin Scale. Discussion Given the lack of evidence for seizure prophylaxis in patients with acute supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, randomized controlled trials are desperately needed. The results from our study are believed to directly influence future prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Tian M, Qing C, Niu Y, Dong J, Cao X, Song F, Ji X, Lu S. Effect of aminoguanidine intervention on neutrophils in diabetes inflammatory cells wound healing. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:635-42. [PMID: 24002897 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore aminoguanidine (AG) effect on neutrophil functions and associated signal transduction way in diabetic rats wound healing. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups, Group A (control+burns), Group B (diabetes+burns), Group C (diabetes+burns+AG). Wound skin tissue was harvested at 6h, 24h and 36h after trauma, and then immunohistochemistry was used to detect AGE (advanced glycation end products) contents and RAGE (receptor of AGE) expression. Western blotting was applied to detect RAGE and NF-κB. Oxidative stress changes were detected by colorimetry. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELIASA and cell apoptosis by TUNEL. Pathological changes were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. In the wound tissue of Group C, compared to that in Group B, AGE content, RAGE expression level, NF-κB level declined, and MPO (myeloperoxidase) decreased at 36h; TNFα, IL-8, H2O2, GSH-Px (Glutathione peroxidse), and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels increased; dense post-traumatic inflammation belt formed obviously. AG for prophylactic use can promote the migration and respiratory burst of neutrophils markedly, and help to restore the functions of neutrophil; and the abnormal secretion of inflammation cytokines can be corrected partly. Blocking AGE deposition and promoting microenvironment were effective ways for diabetic wound healing.
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Meng YQ, Cao X, Wen ZS, Liu QW, Tan ZH, Duan H, Ma GW, Lin P. Preoperative level of serum amyloid A is superior to C-reactive protein in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2013; 27:670-7. [PMID: 24033446 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative elevations in the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) or C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported to be prognostic indicators in several malignancies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum levels of SAA and CRP in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In total, 252 patients with ESCC who had undergone surgery with curative-intent were retrospectively recruited. The specificity, sensitivity, and prognostic value of SAA or CRP levels were measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The clinical value of SAA and CRP levels as prognostic indicators was evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards model. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for the entire cohort of patients with ESCC were 71.0%, 61.0%, and 43.0%, respectively. The correlation between the levels of SAA and CRP was significant (r(2) = 0. 685, P < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that the levels of CRP were associated with a significantly lower overall accuracy than were the SAA levels (AUC, 0.615 vs. 0.880; P < 0.001). For the complete cohort, the median OS was 52.0 months longer in patients with low preoperative serum levels of SAA (72.0 months) compared with patients who had high SAA levels (20.0 months, P < 0.001). The median OS among patients with low CRP levels was also longer compared with the patients who had high CRP levels (72.0 vs. 51.0 months, respectively; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the preoperative elevated levels of SAA could find significant differences in OS for stage I, stage II, and stage III (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas the increased levels of CRP could only find a difference in OS for stage II cancers. After a multivariate analysis, preoperative elevated level of SAA was found to be an independently and significant prognostic factor (P < 0.001). Our study indicates that the preoperative levels of SAA and CRP can act as prognostic factors, and that elevated levels of these proteins are associated with negative effects on the survival of patients with ESCC. SAA showed a higher prognostic value than CRP in both cohort and subgroup analysis.
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Zheng Y, Wang SB, Cao X, Liu DC, Shu B, Quan ZS. Design, synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of novel 4-(4-substitutedphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-ones. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 64:40-6. [PMID: 23965799 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4-(4-substitutedphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activities by the maximal electroshock test (MES) and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod neurotoxicity test (TOX). In the MES test, compound 4-{4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (4n) was found to possess better anticonvulsant activity and higher safety than marketed drugs Carbamazepine with an ED50 value of 25.5 mg/kg and protective index (PI) value>48.8. In addition, the potency of compound 4n against seizures induced by Pentylenetetrazole, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, and Bicuculline suggested its broad spectrum activity, and the mechanisms of action including inhibition of voltage-gated ion channels and modulation of GABAergic activity might involve in its anticonvulsant activity.
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Liu S, Liu C, Cao X, Shang B, Chen A, Liu B. The difference in the attitude of Chinese and Japanese college students regarding deceased organ donation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:2098-101. [PMID: 23731894 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the influence of traditional oriental culture, the lack of organ donation is especially serious in China and Japan. The aim of this study was to compare Chinese and Japanese college students' attitudes and analyze contributing factors toward deceased donation. METHODS An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire comprising 15 questions was distributed to approximately 400 college students at Liaoning University, China, and Kyushu University, Japan. Statistical analysis used SPSS software. RESULTS Japanese students' attitude towards deceased organ donation was more favorable than that of Chinese students (43.6% versus 35.9%, P = .001). Several factors contributed to positive responses by students from both countries: family perspective on organ donation and transplantation; decision to donate to family members; prior blood donation; living liver or kidney donation; possibility of needing a transplant; and willingness to receive a deceased or a living donor organ. CONCLUSIONS More efforts must emphasize awareness and up-to-date knowledge regarding organ donation among citizens and should be undertaken by the Chinese and Japanese governments.
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Bai J, Xu H, Zang R, He H, Cai Y, Cao X, Peng F, Han J, Wu J, Yang J. Cloning of the heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene and its tissue-specific expression profile in the Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep, Ovis aries. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Daniali L, Kimura M, Kim S, Cao X, Herbig U, Aviv A, Granick M. Abstract 201. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000430143.57740.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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181
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Liu DY, Jiang T, Wang S, Cao X. Effect of hyperoxia on pulmonary SIgA and its components, IgA and SC. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:1009-17. [PMID: 23579770 PMCID: PMC3682104 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Oxygen therapy (hyperoxia) is essential for the treatment of some neonatal critical care conditions. The lung is the primary target for the changes induced by hyperoxia. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), IgA and secretory component (SC) reflect the local immunity in the respiratory tract induced by hyperoxia. Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot and Real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of cytokines, IgA and SIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage as well as IgA and SC/pIgR in pulmonary tissue. Results The levels of IgA and SIgA in BAL fluid were gradually increased following neonatal rat development. Compared with air-inhaling group, in the hyperoxia group IgA, SIgA and other cytokines except IL-1 in BAL fluid were significantly elevated on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days, but on the 10th day TNF-α, SIgA and IgA rapidly decreased. In the hyperoxia group, both the protein expression of SC/pIgR and the mRNA expression of SC/pIgR were remarkably increased on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days, but were significantly decreased on the 10th day, respectively. Conclusion: The large amount of SIgA, IgA and SC in the early period of hyperoxia might protect the lungs of the neonatal rats against acute pulmonary injury, however, in the late period of hyperoxia, the abruptly drop of SIgA and its component might lead to pulmonary immunity abnormality. In hyperoxia, the increased expression of cytokines might contribute to the expression of IgA and SC.
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Liu Z, Ding L, Zhong S, Cao X, Jiang L, Duan H. Pharmacokinetics of a new immediate-release compound omeprazole capsule and its comparison with the enteric-coated formulation under fasting and fed conditions. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:370-5. [PMID: 23558602 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of immediate-release compound omeprazole capsule and compare it with the enteric-coated formulation under fasting and fed condition.This study was designed to phase I, open-label, randomized, 3-part clinical trial. 12 subjects in part one received single doses (20 mg and 40 mg) and repeated doses (20 mg). Different 30 subjects in part 2 (fasting condition) and part 3 (fed condition) received either compound omeprazole capsule (40 mg) or delayed-release omeprazole (40 mg) separated by 7 days.Compound omeprazole capsule showed dose non-proportionality in the range from 20 mg to 40 mg. The AUC0-t of 20 mg omeprazole is 78% higher after repeated doses. The C max was higher and T max was lower for compound omeprazole capsule than delayed-release omeprazole. 90% CIs for AUC0-t of the 2 periods (test/reference) under fasting and fed conditions were 106.3% (102.2%~109.2%) and 104.1% (93.4%~109.6%), respectively. Presence of food reduced the rate (C max) and extent (AUC0-t) of systemic exposure of the test and reference formulations from 1 462 to 777 ng · mL-1, 1 055 to 602 ng · mL-1, 2 597 to 1 852 ng · h · mL-1 and 2 454 to 1 873 ng · h · mL-1, respectively.Exposed dose of omeprazole in subjects with compound omeprazole capsule was time- and dose-dependent. Compared with delayed-release omeprazole, compound omeprazole capsule had rapid but similar degree of absorption of omeprazole.
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Cao X, Deng XQ, Shu B, Wang SB, Quan ZS. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 4-(2-alkoxy-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones in various experimental seizure models in mice. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:319-25. [PMID: 23539424 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 4-(2-alkoxy-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones was synthesized using appropriate synthetic route. Their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated experimentally against maximal electroshock test and their neurotoxicities were evaluated under the rotarod neurotoxicity test with intraperitoneally injected mice. The results showed that all target compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity in varying degrees against maximal electroshock test. Among them, 4-(2-octyloxy-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (5 g) was the most promising compound with the median effective dose (ED50) of 23.7 mg/kg, the median toxicity dose (TD50) of 611.0 mg/kg, and the protective index (PI) of 25.8. Compound 5 g showed the higher safety than the standard carbamazepine (PI=6.5). As well as demonstrating the anti-MES efficacy of compound 5 g, its potency against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and bicuculline were also established, with the results suggesting that GABA-mediated mechanisms might be involved in its anticonvulsant activity.
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Que J, Cao Q, Sui T, Du S, Kong D, Cao X. Effect of FK506 in reducing scar formation by inducing fibroblast apoptosis after sciatic nerve injury in rats. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e526. [PMID: 23470533 PMCID: PMC3613834 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that FK506, a generally applied immunosuppressant in organ transplantation, could promote peripheral nerve regeneration through reducing scar formation. However, little is known about how FK506 reduces scar formation. Herein we investigated the influence of FK506 on fibroblast proliferation and its correlation with scar formation after sciatic nerve injury in rats, and further explored the effect of FK506 on fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Masson staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that scar area and fibroblast number in the nerve anastomosis of sciatic nerve-injured rats were significantly reduced after FK506 administration. The scar area had a significant positive correlation with the fibroblast number, as detected by linear correlation analysis. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry indicated that FK506 also inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of fibroblasts in vitro. It was primarily phosphorylation of JNK and ERK that were activated during the apoptosis of fibroblast. Pretreatment of cells with JNK inhibitor, SP600125, or ERK inhibitor, PD98059, could inhibit FK506-induced fibroblast apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, simultaneous application of both inhibitors had additive roles in cell protection from apoptosis. These results suggest that FK506-induced fibroblast apoptosis contributes to the suppression of fibroblast proliferation and then results in the reduction of scar formation in sciatic nerve-injured rat, and that JNK and ERK are involved in FK506-induced fibroblast apoptosis.
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DeRoo S, Poliakov A, Kothari V, Robinson D, Shankar S, Iyer M, Cao X, Jing X, Kumar-Sinha C, Chinnaiyan A. The Identification and Characterization of Microtubule Associated Serine-Threonine Kinase Gene Fusions in Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhu Y, Cao X, Tao G, Xie W, Hu Z, Xu D. The lymph index: a potential hematological parameter for viral infection. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e490-3. [PMID: 23313156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An LH750 hematology analyzer with VCS (volume, conductivity, and light scatter) technology can determine morphologic properties of peripheral leukocytes, known as cell population data (CPD). We have previously demonstrated that the lymphocyte CPD exhibit significant changes in acute hepatitis B virus infection. A simplified lymphocyte CPD, the lymph index, was proposed. We conducted the current study to further evaluate the clinical usefulness of the lymph index, and included patients with various viral infections, as well as those with acute bacterial infections. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 72 patients with viral infections, 46 patients with acute bacterial infections, and 204 controls. The lymphocyte CPD included the mean volume (LV) with its standard deviation (LV-SD) and the conductivity (LC). The lymph index was calculated as LV × LV-SD ÷ LC. RESULTS The lymph index was significantly increased in viral infections and only mildly increased in acute bacterial infections compared to controls. Using a lymph index cutoff value of ≥ 12.92, we achieved 91.67% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity for diagnosing viral infection. CONCLUSIONS The findings may be clinically useful since these morphological parameters are readily obtained by hematology analyzer during automated leukocyte differentials. They are quantitative, objective, and fast. The lymph index could be a potential hematological parameter for viral infection.
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Cao X, Gao N, Huang L, Yao J. Correlation of subclinical HPV infection with genital warts and cervical erosion. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:462-465. [PMID: 24475584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of subclinical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (SPI) with genital warts and cervical erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The questionnaire was firstly conducted in experimental groups (genital warts + cervical erosion), and then cervical liquid-based cytology was performed, followed by colposcopy and pathological diagnosis. In the control group, cervical liquid-based cytology and pathological diagnosis were performed. Hybrid Capture 2 assay (HC2) was conducted to detect the cervical high-risk HPV DNA. RESULTS The positive rate of cervical SPI in experimental groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.01), and in the genital warts group it was significantly higher than cervical erosion group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference of SPI positive rate for cervical erosion with different area and degree (p > 0.05). Compared to control group, the detection rates of cervical high-risk HPV DNA in the experimental groups significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the difference between vulvar condyloma and cervical erosion groups was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). The detection rate of high-risk HPV DNA in positive SPI cases was significantly higher than negative SPI cases. CONCLUSIONS Women with genital warts and cervical erosion are high-risk individuals for cervical cancer, and deserve a focused initial and follow-up management.
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Cao X, Wang LL, Luo X. Expression of regulatory T and helper T cells in peripheral blood of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2013; 40:502-504. [PMID: 24597243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression of regulatory T cells and helper T cells in peripheral blood of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients hospitalized with PIH were consecutively collected for detection of regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+Treg) and helper T (CD+3, CD+4, CD+8, CD+4/CD+8) cells in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, 20 normal hospitalized pregnant women served as the control group. RESULTS In the comparison of regulatory T cells, the level of serum CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+Treg in PIH group was significantly lower than control group (all p < 0.05). In the comparison of help T cells, the expression level of serum CD+4/CD+8 in PIH group was obviously higher than control group, while the expression level of CD+8 was significantly lower than control group (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were obvious abnormal expressions of regulatory T cell and helper T cells in peripheral blood of patients with PIH.
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Kim JA, Cao X, Tan Y, Schiff R, Wang X. Abstract PD09-08: The potential role of TLK2 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-pd09-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer (IBC) is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular and histological features as well as diverse biological behaviors. It is thus critical to find specific gene aberrations that can drive breast cancer initiation and progression as potential therapeutic targets. Our lab has established bioinformatics workflows to identify therapeutic oncogene targets. We have nominated Tousled-Like Kinase 2 (TLK2) as a candidate therapeutic target from 44,932 human genes based on integrative copy number data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TLK2 is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase that serves as a cell cycle checkpoint regulating chromosome assembly, and is inactivated by phosphorylation through the ATM dependent manner in the response to the double strand breaks during the S-phase. Interestingly, we observed 12–14% of focal TLK2 gene amplifications and translocations in invasive breast cancers, which are more frequent in luminal B tumors. Chromosomal aberrations may leads the deregulation of TLK2 kinase activity and results in overcoming the cell cycle checkpoint upon DNA damage such as IR or chemotherapeutic drugs treatments in breast cancer, thus destabilizing the cancer genome. Indeed, our preliminary data show that TLK2 knockdown substantially inhibits cell proliferation in breast cancer cells overexpressing TLK2. Further, this response is sustained in their derivative strains resistant to hormone or anti-Her2 therapies, suggesting the potential of TLK2 inhibition to sensitize these therapies as well. Overall, I expect that this study will provide compelling evidence regarding the role of TLK2 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and genomic instability, and establish its potential as a therapeutic target. The possibility of developing specific TLK2 inhibitors can be well demonstrated by the previous success of drugs against other cell cycle checkpoint kinases that are currently under clinical trials. In addition, molecular assays detecting TLK2 derangements may be applied in the clinics to identify patients who might benefit from future TLK2 inhibitor. If TLK2 endows resistance or sensitivity to other therapies, assays detecting TLK2 aberrations may also have important predictive value for personalization of these treatments.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD09-08.
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Zeng Q, Han J, Wang B, An S, Duan Y, Dong S, Ma J, Yang L, Cao X. Water Maze Spatial Learning Enhances Social Recognition Ability in Aged Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-012-9319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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191
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Nan Y, Zhang X, Yang G, Xie J, Lu Z, Wang W, Ni X, Cao X, Ma J, Wang Z. Icariin stimulates the proliferation of rat Sertoli cells in an ERK1/2-dependent manner in vitro. Andrologia 2012; 46:9-16. [PMID: 23134192 DOI: 10.1111/and.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), a major constituent of flavonoids from the Chinese medical herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, is found to be protective for male reproductive ability, with the underlying mechanism largely unknown. Our study here investigated the effects of ICA on Sertoli cells, which act as nurse cells for the germ cells developing. Icariin was found to stimulate Sertoli cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Further study revealed that Icariin induced an obvious phosphorylation of ERK in Sertoli cells. Inhibition of activation of ERK by the ERK inhibitor U0126 nearly blocked the Icariin-induced proliferation of Sertoli cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Icariin promotes the proliferation of Sertoli cells in vitro by activating the ERK1/2 signal pathway, which might at least partially, explain the protective role of Icariin on male reproductive ability.
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Kaneko T, Huang H, Cao X, Li X, Li C, Voss C, Sidhu SS, Li SSC. Superbinder SH2 Domains Act as Antagonists of Cell Signaling. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra68. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wang Q, Suo J, Jiang J, Wang C, Zhao YQ, Cao X. Effectiveness of fast-track rehabilitation vs conventional care in laparoscopic colorectal resection for elderly patients: a randomized trial. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:1009-13. [PMID: 21985126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fast-track rehabilitation in elderly patients over 65 years of age, following laparoscopic surgery to remove colorectal cancer. METHOD A total of 78 elderly patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection were randomly assigned to receive either the fast-track care programme (n = 40) or the conventional perioperative care protocol (control group, n = 38). Medical personnel conducting the study were blinded to patients' clinical outcomes prior to statistical analysis. The fast-track protocol included no preoperative mechanical bowel irrigation, immediate oral alimentation and earlier postoperative ambulation exercise. The length of postoperative hospital stay, the length of time to regain bowel function and the rate of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The length of time to regain bowel function, including the passage of flatus[31 (26-40) h vs 38 (32-51) h, P = 0.001], to the first bowel movement [55 (48-63) h vs 64 (48-71) h, P = 0.009] and to start a liquid diet (12 [11-16] h vs 47 [35-50] h, P = 0.000) were significantly shorter in patients receiving the fast-track care protocol compared with those receiving the conventional care protocol. A shorter duration of postoperative hospital stay was recorded in patients receiving the fast-track program than in those receiving conventional care (P = 0.0001). A reduced percentage of patients who developed general complications was also observed in the fast-track group (5.0%vs 21.1%, P = 0.045). CONCLUSION This randomized controlled trial has shown that in the elderly undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery, the fast-track recovery programme resulted in a more rapid postoperative recovery, earlier discharge from hospital and fewer general complications compared with a conventional postoperative protocol.
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Cao X, Jia JB, Li H, Li MC, Luo J, Liang ZS, Liu TX, Liu WG, Peng CH, Luo ZB. Photosynthesis, water use efficiency and stable carbon isotope composition are associated with anatomical properties of leaf and xylem in six poplar species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:612-20. [PMID: 22188382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although fast-growing Populus species consume a large amount of water for biomass production, there are considerable variations in water use efficiency (WUE) across different poplar species. To compare differences in growth, WUE and anatomical properties of leaf and xylem and to examine the relationship between photosynthesis/WUE and anatomical properties of leaf and xylem, cuttings of six poplar species were grown in a botanical garden. The growth performance, photosynthesis, intrinsic WUE (WUE(i) ), stable carbon isotope composition (δ(13) C) and anatomical properties of leaf and xylem were analysed in these poplar plants. Significant differences were found in growth, photosynthesis, WUE(i) and anatomical properties among the examined species. Populus cathayana was the clone with the fastest growth and the lowest WUE(i) /δ(13) C, whereas P. × euramericana had a considerable growth increment and the highest WUE(i) /δ(13) C. Among the analysed poplar species, the highest total stomatal density in P. cathayana was correlated with its highest stomatal conductance (g(s) ) and lowest WUE(i) /δ(13) C. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between WUE(i) and abaxial stomatal density and stem vessel lumen area. These data suggest that photosynthesis, WUE(i) and δ(13) C are associated with leaf and xylem anatomy and there are tradeoffs between growth and WUE(i) . It is anticipated that some poplar species, e.g. P. × euramericana, are better candidates for water-limited regions and others, e.g. P. cathayana, may be better for water-abundant areas.
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Wang G, Deng Y, Cao X, Lai S, Tong Y, Luo X, Feng Y, Xia X, Gong J, Hu J. Blocking p55PIK signaling inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of leukemia cells. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1870-9. [PMID: 22722333 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p55PIK, a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, promotes cell cycle progression by interacting with cell cycle modulators such as retinoblastoma protein (Rb) via its unique amino-terminal 24 amino-acid residue (N24). Overexpression of N24 specifically inhibits these interactions and leads to cell cycle arrest. Herein, we describe the generation of a fusion protein (Tat transactivator protein (TAT)-N24) that contains the protein transduction domain and N24, and examined its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells. TAT-N24 not only blocks cell proliferation but remarkably induces differentiation of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Systemically administered TAT-N24 also significantly decreases growth of leukemia cell tumors in animal models. Furthermore, overexpression of p55PIK in leukemia cells leads to increased proliferation; however, TAT-N24 blocks this effect and concomitantly induces differentiation. There is significant upregulation of p55PIK mRNA and protein expression in leukemia cells from patients. TAT-N24 inhibits cell cycle progression and induces differentiation of bone marrow cells derived from patients with several different types of leukemia. These results show that cell-permeable N24 peptide induces leukemia cell differentiation and suggest that p55PIK may be a novel drug target for the treatment of hematopoetic malignancies.
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Ronholm J, Wang L, Hayashi I, Sugai M, Zhang Z, Cao X, Lin M. The Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b autolysin IspC has N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1311-20. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Miyazaki N, Matsumoto J, Alberici F, Palmisano A, Maritati F, Oliva E, Buzio C, Vaglio A, Mjoen G, Norby GE, Vikse BE, Svarstad E, Rune B, Knut A, Szymczak M, Kuzniar J, Kopec W, Marchewka Z, Klinger M, Arrizabalaga P, Silvarino R, Sant F, Espinosa G, Sole M, Cervera R, Gude D, Chennamsetty S, Demin A, Kozlov V, Lisukov I, Kotova O, Sizikov A, Sergeevicheva V, Demina L, Borjesson O, Wendt M, Avik A, Qureshi AR, Bratt J, Miller EJ, Gunnarsson I, Bruchfeld A, Sugiyama K, Hasegawa M, Yamamoto K, Hayashi H, Koide S, Murakami K, Tomita M, Yoshida S, Yuzawa Y, Yew S, Jayne D, Westman K, Hoglund P, Flossman O, Mahr A, Luqmani R, Robson J, Thervet E, Levi C, Guiard E, Roland M, Nochy D, Daniliuc C, Guillevin L, Mouthon L, Jacquot C, Karras A, Kimura Y, Morita H, Debiec H, Yamada H, Miura N, Banno S, Ronco P, Imai H, Shin DH, Famee D, Koo HM, Han SH, Choi KH, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Fofi C, Fofi C, Scabbia L, Festuccia F, Stoppacciaro A, Mene' P, Shimizu A, Fukui M, MII A, Kaneko T, Masuda Y, Iino Y, Katayama Y, Fukuda Y, Kuroki A, Matsumoto K, Akizawa T, Jurubita R, Ismail G, Bobeica R, Rusu E, Zilisteanu D, Andronesi A, Motoi O, Ditoiu V, Copaci I, Voiculescu M, Irazabal MV, Eirin A, Lieske JC, Beck LH, Dillon JJ, Nachman PH, Sethi S, Erickson SB, Cattran DC, Fervenza FC, Svobodova B, Hruskova Z, Janatkova I, Jancova E, Tesar V, Seo MS, Kwon SH, Lee EB, You JY, Hyun YK, Woo SA, Park MY, Choi SJ, Jeon JS, Noh H, Kim JG, Han DC, Hwang SD, Choi TY, Jin SY, Kwon SH, Loiacono E, Loiacono E, Defedele D, Puccinelli MP, Camilla R, Gallo R, Peruzzi L, Rollino C, Beltrame G, Ferro M, Vergano L, Campolo F, Amore A, Coppo R, Knoop T, Vikse BE, Svarstad E, Bostad L, Leivestad T, Bjorneklett R, Teranishi J, Yamamoto R, Nagasawa Y, Shoji T, Iwatani H, Okada N, Moriyama T, Yamauchi A, Tsubakihara Y, Imai E, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Koo HM, Doh FM, Kim SJ, Kang SW, Choi KH, Han DS, Han SH, Suzuki Y, Matsuzaki K, Suzuki H, Okazaki K, Yanagawa H, Maiguma M, Muto M, Sato T, Horikoshi S, Novak J, Hotta O, Tomino Y, Gutierrez* E, Zamora I, Ballarin J, Arce Y, Jimenez S, Quereda C, Olea T, Martinez-Ara J, Segarra A, Bernis C, Garcia A, Goicoechea M, Garcia de Vinuesa S, Rojas J, Praga M, Ristovska V, Petrushevska G, Grcevska L, Knoop T, Vikse BE, Svarstad E, Bostad L, Leivestad T, Bjorneklett R, Satake K, Shimizu Y, Mugitani N, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Horikoshi S, Honda S, Shibuya K, Shibuya A, Tomino Y, Papale M, Rocchetti MT, DI Paolo S, Suriano IV, D'apollo A, Vocino G, Montemurno E, Varraso L, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Huerta A, Bomback AS, Canetta PA, Radhakrishnan J, Herlitz L, Stokes B, D'agati V, Markowitz G, Appel GB, Ristovska V, Grcevska L, Mouna H, Nasr BD, Mrabet I, Ahmed L, Sabra A, Mohamed Ammeur F, Mezri E, Habib S, Innocenti M, Pasquariello A, Pasquariello G, Mattei P, Bottai A, Fumagalli G, Bozzoli L, Samoni S, Cupisti A, Caldin B, Hung J, Repizo L, Malheiros DM, Barros R, Woronik V, Giammarresi C, Bono L, Ferrantelli A, Tortorici C, Licavoli G, Rotolo U, Huang X, Wang Q, Shi M, Chen W, Liu Z, Scarpioni R, Cantarini L, Lazzaro A, Ricardi M, Albertazzi V, Melfa L, Concesi C, Vallisa D, Cavanna L, Gungor G, Ataseven H, Demir A, Solak Y, Biyik M, Ozturk B, Polat I, Kiyici A, Ozer Cakir O, Polat H, Martinez-Ara J, Castillo I, Carreno V, Aguilar A, Madero R, Hernandez E, Bernis C, Bartolome J, Gea F, Selgas R, El Aggan HAM, El Banawy HS, Wagdy E, Tchebotareva N, LI O, Bobkova I, Kozlovskaya L, Varshavskiy V, Golicina E, Chen Y, Gong Z, Chen X, Tang L, Zhou J, Cao X, Wei R, Koo EH, Koo EH, Park JH, Kim HK, Kim MS, Jang HR, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim DJ, Oh HY, Kim YG, Tchebotareva N, Bobkova I, Kozlovskaya L, LI O, Eskova O, Shvetsov M, Golytsina E, Varshavskiy V, Popova O, Quaglia M, Monti S, Fenoglio R, Menegotto A, Airoldi A, Izzo C, Rizzo MA, Dianzani U, Stratta P, Vaglio A, Vaglio A, Alberici F, Gianfreda D, Buzio C. Primary and secondary glomerulonephritis I. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Do D, Ong C, Khoo Y, Carbone A, Lim C, Wang S, Mukhopadhyay A, Cao X, Cho D, Wei X, Bellone G, Lim I, Phan T. Interleukin-18 system plays an important role in keloid pathogenesis via epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1275-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jiang J, Cao X, Jia Z, Jin M, Kong F, Tokudome S. AOSOP7 Role of polymorphisms of DNA methyltransferases in risks of gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yan HC, Cao X, Gao TM, Zhu XH. Promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis: a novel strategy for antidepressant drug screening. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:4359-67. [PMID: 21861813 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a common mood disorder that affects overall health; currently, almost all of the available antidepressants have the same core mechanisms of action through promotion of serotonin or noradrenaline function in the brain. The major limitation of today's antidepressants is that chronic treatment (3 - 6 weeks) is required before a therapeutic benefit is achieved. More effective and faster treatments for depression are needed. Adult neurogenesis is the birth of new neurons, which continues postnatally and into adulthood in the brains of multiple species, including humans. Recently, a large body of evidence gives rise to the hypothesis that the antidepressant effect and increases in adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be causally related. Multiple classes of antidepressants increase hippocampal neurogenesis in a chronic, but not acute, time course. This effect corresponds to the therapeutic time lag associated with current antidepressants. In addition, antidepressants are not effective in behavioral models of depression when hippocampal neurogenesis is prevented. This review examines the current understanding of adult neurogenesis and the evidence of the causal relationship between antidepressant effects and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We also present our recent research findings, which support a promising strategy for enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis that might be a new approach for the development of novel antidepressants.
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