RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, butyl 10-undecenoate, CAS Registry Number 109-42-2

Butyl 10-undecenoate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog methyl undec-10-enoate (CAS # 111-81-9) show that butyl 10-undecenoate is not expected to be genotoxic. Data on butyl 10-undecenoate and read-across analog methyl undec-10-enoate (CAS # 111-81-9) show that butyl 10-undecenoate is not a safety concern under the current, declared levels of use for the skin sensitization endpoint. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the TTC for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to butyl 10-undecenoate is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day, 0.03 mg/kg/day, and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on UV spectra; butyl 10-undecenoate is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; butyl 10-undecenoate was found not to be PBT as per the IFRA Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., PEC/PNEC), are <1.

Our Environmental Value Orientations Influence How We Respond to Climate Change

People variably respond to global change in their beliefs, behaviors, and grief (associated with losses incurred). People that are less likely to believe in climate change, adopt pro-environmental behaviors, or report ecological grief are assumed to have different psycho-cultural orientations, and do not perceive changes in environmental condition or any impact upon themselves. We test these assumptions within the context of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant climate change impacts in the form of coral reef bleaching and increasingly severe cyclones. We develop knowledge of environmental cultural services with the Environmental Schwartz Value Survey (ESVS) into four human value orientations that can explain individuals’ environmental beliefs and behaviors: biospheric (i.e., concern for environment), altruistic (i.e., concern for others, and intrinsic values), egoistic (i.e., concern for personal resources) and hedonic values (i.e., concern for pleasure, comfort, esthetic, and spirituality). Using face-to-face quantitative survey techniques, where 1,934 residents were asked to agree or disagree with a range of statements on a scale of 1–10, we investigate people’s (i) environmental values and value orientations, (ii) perceptions of environmental condition, and (iii) perceptions of impact on self. We show how they relate to the following climate change responses; (i) beliefs at a global and local scale, (ii) participation in pro-environmental behaviors, and (iii) levels of grief associated with ecological change, as measured by respective single survey questions. Results suggest that biospheric and altruistic values influenced all climate change responses. Egoistic values were only influential on grief responses. Perception of environmental change was important in influencing beliefs and grief, and perceptions of impact on self were only important in influencing beliefs. These results suggest that environmental managers could use people’s environmental value orientations to more effectively influence climate change responses toward environmental stewardship and sustainability. Communications that target or encourage altruism (through understanding and empathy), biospherism (through information on climate change impacts on the environment), and egoism (through emphasizing the benefits, health and wellbeing derived from a natural resource in good condition), could work.

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, propanal diethyl acetal, CAS registry number 4744-08-5

There are insufficient toxicity data on the target material propanal diethyl acetal (CAS # 4744-08-5). Hence, in silico evaluation was conducted to determine read-across analogs for this material. Based on structural similarity, reactivity, metabolism data, physical-chemical properties, and expert judgment, analogs acetal (CAS # 105-57-7) and butane, 1,1'-[methylenebis(oxy)]bis- (CAS # 2568-90-3) were identified as read-across materials with sufficient data for toxicological evaluation of genotoxicity.