[Gender difference in secular trends of body height in Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years, 1985-2014]

Objective: To analyze the gender difference in secular trends of body height in Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years from 1985 to 2014. Methods: Data were extracted from 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Surveys in Students' Constitution and Health. A total of 124 099 Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years were included in the analysis. ANOVA test was used to compare the body height between different subgroups stratified by gender and the mean difference and ratio in body height were calculated. Quantile regression model was used to assess the association between body height and gender over time in the adolescents stratified by region or area. Results: The mean body height of adolescents aged 18 years increased significantly from 1985 to 2014 with the rate of 1.3 cm/decade in male adolescents and 0.8 cm/decade in female adolescents, and the highest increment occurred from 1995 to 2005 in both groups. Male adolescents were taller than female adolescents at each subgroup (P<0.05). Gender difference in body height increased from 11.1 cm in 1985 to 12.6 cm in 2014 and ratio remained to be 1.07-1.08. The body height was taller in adolescents in urban area than in rural area (P<0.05) and in northeastern China than in other regions (P<0.05) in both male and female adolescents. The body height of obese male adolescents had been taller since 2000 and the body height of obese female adolescents had been taller since 2010 than other groups. When adjusted for urban-rural areas, region, socioeconomic status and nutritional status, the body height increased over time at P₅, P₂₅, P₅₀, P₇₅ and P₉₅ in both male and female adolescents, and the increments of gender difference in body height at different percentile ranged from 0.45 cm/decade to 0.57 cm/decade. When stratified by region, the gender difference in body height showed similar trend with total sample except P₅ and P₉₅ in northeastern China, the difference of increments were not significant. Conclusions: From 1985 to 2014, the gender difference in body height of Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years increased, and male adolescents showed greater increase than female adolescents. Moreover, the adolescents in northeastern and eastern China had larger increment in body height. It is necessary to paid more attention to the adolescents in central and western China to promote their physical development.

[Survey on provincial disease prevention and control professionals' attitudes and cognition to public health physician standardized training in China]

Objective: To understand the attitudes and cognition of disease control and prevention professionals at provincial level on public health physician standardized training and provide evidence for the improvement of the standardized training and exploration of more effective training mode in China. Methods: By cluster sampling, 2 193 professionals at provincial centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) in 6 provinces, including Jiangsu and Guangdong, Shanxi and Hubei,Sichuan and Xinjiang were selected as the study subjects, the sample size was estimated to be 1 933 persons. Results: A total of 1 716 provincial-level CDC professionals were surveyed, the support rate to the standardized training was 70.7%(1 213/1 716). The level of support was negatively associated with the educational level of professionals and their specialty of public health and preventive medicine. Of 875 public health and preventive medicine professionals, 61.6%(318/516) of those with master's degree or above supported the standard training for public health physicians, which was lower than 73.1%(225/308) of those with bachelor's degree and 86.3%(44/51) of those with college degree or below. There were 14.9%(232/1 555) of the respondents suggested a two year training, and 60.4%(933/1 544) suggesting a field training mode. In terms of training content, 86.6%(1 355/1 564) suggesting "epidemiological survey and public health practice", and 76.7%(1 199/1 564) suggesting "basic theories and methodology". Conclusions: In general, the professionals of provincial CDC showed a relatively low interest in the standardized training for public health physicians and failed to reach a consensus. Besides, they were ill-informed about current training duration, method and content. Thas, the professionals at provincial CDC are suggested to be the key target-population whom should be mobilized during the training pilot period, especially the highly educated ones with relevant specialties of public health. It is suggested that public health physician standardized training should to be implemented in whole CDC system to reach full consensus based on its practical achievements and effects. It is also suggested to establish public health graduate medical education system in China.

OTX1 is a novel regulator of proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE

Orthodenticle Homeobox 1 (OTX1) has been found to be closely related to the development of several human tumours. However, the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of OTX1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unclear. This research was performed to investigate the effects of downregulating OTX1 gene expression on the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of human NSCLC cell lines.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Cultured NCI-H292 and XWLC cells were transfected with control small interfering RNA (siNC) or experimental siRNA (siOTX1). The mRNA levels were detected using a quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and a Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) were used to determine cell activity. The RTCA and transwell chambers were used to assess cell migration and invasion. In addition, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry, and the expression levels of key signalling pathway proteins were examined by Western blotting.

RESULTS

The results revealed that compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly decreased cell activity (***p<0.001), significantly decreased migration and invasion abilities (***p<0.001), and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase (*p<0.05). However, the number of apoptotic cells was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (*p<0.05). The Western blotting results were consistent with the functional experiment results.

CONCLUSIONS

Silencing the OTX1 gene suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of NCI-H292 and XWLC cells, impeded the cell cycle transition from G2 to M phase, and accelerated apoptosis, revealing OTX1, a regulator of NSCLC, as a potential new therapeutic target.

[Pay attention to implementing measures, promote prevention and control of myopia]

The prevention and control of myopia among children and adoles cents is a systematic project. It is necessary to make full use of the establishment of relevant policies and strategies for myopia prevention and control, the improvement of surveillance measures, the application of prevention and control standards, the promotion of appropriate technologies and the construction of demonstration areas. These measures will help ensure the promotion of students' physical activities, popularize knowledge of prevention and control of health, promote the effective implementation of myopia prevention and control measures proposed in the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents Implementation Plan, so as to protect the visual health of children and adolescents.

[Speckle-type POZ protein up-regulates c-Jun protein expression and promotes proliferation and invasion of renal carcinoma cells]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and explore the potential mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE

Renal carcinoma cell lines (786-O, A704, and Caki-2) cultured in vitro were transfected with a SPOP-overexpressing plasmid, and the changes in proliferation of the cells were detected using colony formation and MTT assay; TUNEL assay was used to assess apoptosis of the cells. The changes in migration and invasion abilities of the cells were examined using wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The mRNA and protein levels of SPOP and c-Jun in the transfected cells were measured using real-time PCR and Western blotting.

OBJECTIVE

SPOP over-expression obviously promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of 786-O, A704 and Caki-2 cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the control cells, 786-o and Caki-2 cells over-expressing SPOP exhibited significantly lowered apoptosis rates (P < 0.05). The results of real-time PCR demonstrated that the transfected cells did not show obvious changes in the mRNA level of c-Jun, but the protein expressions of SPOP and c-jun increased significantly as shown by Western blotting (P < 0.05).

OBJECTIVE

SPOP can promote proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppress apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells possibly by promoting the expression of c-Jun.

Collision between soliton and polarization domain walls in fiber lasers

We report on the experimental observation of coexistence of solitons and polarization domains, as well as features of soliton collision with polarization domain walls (or kink solitons) in a single mode fiber laser. Depending on the sign of cavity dispersion, either bright or dark solitons have been formed in our fiber laser. Under suitable laser operation conditions, they could even coexist with polarization domains and collide with the domain walls. We show experimental evidence of both the elastic and inelastic soliton collisions with the domain wall solitons. Some interesting features of soliton interaction with polarization domains in a fiber laser are also firstly revealed.

Effects of oral sialic acid on gut development, liver function and gut microbiota in mice

Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), a 9-carbon monosaccharide, has been widely studied in immunology, oncology and neurology. However, the effects of sialic acid on organ and intestinal development, liver function and gut microbiota were rarely studied. In this study, we found that oral sialic acid tended to increase the relative weight of liver and decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GPT) activity. In addition, sialic acid treatment markedly reduced gut villus length, depth, the ratio of villus length/depth (L/D), areas, width and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, gut microbes were changed in response to oral sialic acid, such as Staphylococcus lentus, Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Jeotgalibaca sp_PTS2502, Ignatzschineria indica, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Sporosarcina sp_HW10C2, Facklamia tabacinasalis, Oblitimonas alkaliphila, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Blautia sp_YL58, Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, Morganella morganii, Clostridioides difficile, Helicobacter tryphlonius, Clostridium sp_Clone47, Alistipes finegoldii, [pseudomonas]_geniculata and Pseudomonas parafulva at the species level. In conclusion, oral sialic acid altered the intestinal pathological state and microbial compositions, and the effect of sialic acid on host health should be further studied.

LncRNA NEAT1 regulates proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of liver cancer

OBJECTIVE

The occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multi-step complex process and the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. LncRNA NEAT1 is involved in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the role of LncRNA NEAT1 in HCC remains unclear.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of HCC patients were collected and LncRNA NEAT1 expression was detected by Real time PCR. The hepatoma cell line HepG2 was cultured and transfected with lnc RNA NEAT1 siRNA or lnc RNA NEAT1 plasmid followed by analysis of LncRNA NEAT1 expression, cell proliferation by MTT assay, as well as Caspase 3 activity. In addition, cell apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry and cell invasion was measured by transwell chambers. The expression of EGFR, Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS

LncRNA NEAT1 expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). Compared with the siRNA group, transfection of lncRNA NEAT1 siRNA into HepG2 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased Caspase 3 activity and apoptosis, reduced cell invasion, as well as arrested cell cycle (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, lncRNA NEAT1 siRNA also significantly decreased Bcl-2 and EGFR expression and increased Bax expression (p < 0.05). Transfection of lncRNA NEAT1 plasmid in hepatoma cells HepG2 reversed the above changes, compared with vector group, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

LncRNA NEAT1 expression is increased in liver cancer tissues. Down-regulation of LncRNA NEAT1 can inhibit EGFR expression and promote hepatoma cell apoptosis, inhibit cell cycle, thus inhibiting tumor proliferation and invasion.

CircRNA EPB41L2 inhibits tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma through regulating CDH4 by miR-211-5p

OBJECTIVE

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can make contributions to cell proliferation, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Circ_Band 4.1-like protein 2 (circ_EPB41L2) was found to have anti-tumor roles in lung cancer. Herein, we investigated the roles of circ_EPB41L2 in LUAD tumorigenicity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The expression of circ_EPB41L2, microRNA (miR)-211-5p, and Cadherin-4 (CDH4) was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was used to detect the levels of CDH4, Ki67, and E-cadherin. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between miR-211-5p and circ_EPB41L2 or CDH4 was confirmed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. In vivo experiments were conducted using the murine xenograft model.

RESULTS

Circ_EPB41L2 and CDH4 were down-regulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. Overexpressed circ_EPB41L2 or CDH4 acted as a suppressor in the LUAD cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. MiR-211-5p directly bound to circRNA_EPB41L2 and CDH4 3'-UTR, and circ_EPB41L2 indirectly regulated CDH4 expression by binding to miR-211-5p in LUAD cells. Furthermore, rescue assay showed circ_EPB41L2 played a protective role by repressing proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating CDH4 and miR-211-5p in LUAD cells. Besides, in vivo experiments indicated circ_EPB41L2 overexpression also inhibited tumor growth through regulating miR-211-5p and CDH4.

CONCLUSIONS

Circ_EPB41L2 functioned as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating CDH4 by miR-211-5p in LUAD cells, suggesting a new understanding on the tumorigenesis of LUAD and novel molecular therapeutic targets.

Circular RNA circCRIM1 suppresses lung adenocarcinoma cell migration, invasion, EMT, and glycolysis through regulating miR-125b-5p/BTG2 axis

OBJECTIVE

The present studies indicate that circRNAs play pivotal roles in human cancers. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC), one of lung cancer types, has high metastasis rate. Herein, we focused our study on the function and mechanism of circular RNA circCRIM1 in LUAC development.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the levels of circCRIM1, miR-125b-5p, and BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (BTG2). Transwell assay was carried out to assess cell migration and invasion. The protein levels of BTG2, EMT markers, and HK2 were measured by Western blot. Glycolysis was analyzed through determining glucose consumption and lactate production. Furthermore, the targets of circCRIM1 and miR-125b-5p were predicted and verified by starBase and the dual-luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Also, whether circCRIM1 affecting tumor growth in vivo was explored using mouse xenograft assay.

RESULTS

CircCRIM1 and BTG2 were downregulated, and miR-125b-5p was upregulated in LUAC tissues/cells. CircCRIM1 upregulation inhibited LUAC cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), glycolysis, and tumor growth. Moreover, circCRIM1 regulated LUAC cell development through targeting miR-125b-5p. MiR-125b-5p affected LUAC cell growth via binding to BTG2. Also, circCRIM1 promoted BTG2 expression by inhibiting miR-125b-5p expression in LUAC cells.

CONCLUSIONS

CircCRIM1 was lowly expressed in LUAC. Moreover, circCRIM1 functioned as a sponge of miR-125b-5p to improve BTG2 expression, thereby suppressing LUAC development. Our finding indicated that circCRIM1 could be considered as a biomarker and target for the diagnosis and therapy of LUAC patients.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) suppresses triacylglycerol accumulation and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor in nonruminants and regulates various cellular processes including growth through dephosphorylation of phosphoinositide substrates. Although studies with bovine mammary tissue suggested a role for PTEN during lactation, its potential role in lipid metabolism remains unknown. Objectives of the present study were to determine PTEN abundance in goat mammary tissue at 2 stages of lactation (n = 6 Xinong Saanen dairy goats per stage), and to use gene-silencing and adenoviral transfections in vitro with isolated goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) to evaluate the role of PTEN abundance of lipid metabolism-related genes. Abundance of PTEN decreased by 51.5% at peak lactation compared with the dry period. The PTEN was overexpressed in isolated GMEC through adenoviral transfection using an adenovirus system with Ad-GFP (recombinant adenovirus of green fluorescent protein) as control, and silenced via targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection with a scrambled small interfering RNA as a negative control. Cell culture was performed for 48 h before RNA extraction, triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis, and fatty acid analysis. Overexpression of PTEN downregulated abundance of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), diacylglycerol acytransferase 1 (DGAT1), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) coupled with an increase in patatin-like-phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2), hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 β (CPT1B). Furthermore, overexpressing PTEN in vitro resulted in a significant decrease in TAG concentration and concentration of C16:1. In contrast, interference of PTEN led to an opposite effect on lipid metabolism in GMEC. These changes suggested a shift from lipogenesis and esterification to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Collectively, PTEN seems to play a role in monounsaturated fatty acids synthesis and lipid accumulation in GMEC.

Can ultra-thin Si FinFETs work well in the sub-10 nm gate-length region?

Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) dominate the present Si FETs. However, when the gate length is scaled down to the sub-10 nm region, the experimental Si FinFETs suffer from poor performance due to a large fin width (the minimum value is 3 nm). In this paper, an ultra-thin Si FinFET with a width of 0.8 nm is investigated for the first time by utilizing ab initio quantum transport simulations. Remarkably, even with the gate length down to 5 nm, the on-state current, delay time, power dissipation, and energy-delay product of the optimized perfect ultra-thin Si FinFET still meet the high-performance applications' requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors in the next decade. The overall performance of the simulated ultra-thin Si FinFET is even comparable with that of the typical two-dimensional FETs. Such a good performance can be significantly degraded by the defect. Hence, Si FinFETs have the potential to be scaled down to the sub-10 nm gate length as long as the width is scaled down while keeping a perfect structure.

[Ocular toxicity induced by tamoxifen: an overview]

By reviewing the recent articles regarding the ocular side effect of tamoxifen when treating breast cancer and glioma, this article summarized the incidence and the potential mechanism of the side effects of tamoxifen, and the specific ocular toxicity including keratopathy, cataract, retinopathy, optic neuropathy. This review would provide guidance for clinical ophthalmologists to early identify and appropriately manage tamoxifen induced ocular diseases. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 232-236).

[The study of the association between lung cancer screening and smoking behavior change]

The smoking cessation rate of 1 314 people at high risk of lung cancer in the area of lung cancer screening and early diagnosis and early treatment in Sichuan Province increased from 22.37% at baseline to 41.78% after screening (χ²=227.97, P<0.001), and the smoking amount of persistent smokers decreased from 20 cigarettes per day to 15 cigarettes per day (t=11.76, P<0.001). Those with positive results in lung cancer screening were more likely to quit smoking or continue to quit smoking. Male, younger age or lower education level would increase the risk of continuous smoking or relapse (P<0.05).

Dark-bright soliton trapping in a fiber laser

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental observation of coexistence of scalar dark and bright solitons in a fiber laser operating in the near zero-dispersion regime. We show that because of the incoherent cross coupling, under suitable conditions a bright soliton formed in the net anomalous cavity dispersion regime could bind with a dark soliton formed in the net normal cavity dispersion regime in a fiber laser. The properties of the dark and bright solitons, as well as their bound states, are experimentally investigated. The numerical simulations based on the coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations have reproduced the experimental results well.

[Four-dimensional cone-beam CT reconstruction based on motion-compensated robust principal component analysis]

OBJECTIVE

To propose a motion compensation reconstruction method based on robust principal component analysis (RPCA) to reduce the influence of streak artifacts on accurate estimation of interphase motion deformation fields.

OBJECTIVE

We propose a RPCA motion compensation reconstruction algorithm to improve the estimation of motion deformation fields based on the traditional MC-FDK algorithm. RPCA was used to decompose the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images into low-rank and sparse components, and the motion deformation fields between different phase images were then estimated using Horn and Schunck optical flow method from the low-rank images to reduce the influence of striping artifacts on the accuracy of estimation of interphase motion deformation fields. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using simulation data and real data. The simulation phantom data was obtained by back-projection of 4D-CT images acquired from Philips 16-slice spiral CT using MATLAB software programming according to the scanning geometry of Varian Edge accelerator. The real patient data were obtained using the Elekta Synergy system of CBCT scanning system with half-fan mode CB projection data from lung cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE

Compared with images reconstructed using the traditional MC-FDK algorithm, the reconstructed image using the proposed method had clearer tissue boundaries with reduced motion artifact was reduced. The results of phantom data reconstruction showed that compared with the MC- FDK algorithm, the proposed algorithms resulted in improvements of PSNR by 25.4% and SSIM by 7.6%; compared with the FDK algorithm, PSNR was improved by 37.9% and SSIM by 17.6%.

OBJECTIVE

The proposed algorithm can achieve accurate estimation of inter-phase motion deformation fields and improve the quality of the reconstructed CBCT images.

Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun

High brightness, high charge electron beams are critical for a number of advanced accelerator applications. The initial emittance of the electron beam, which is determined by the mean transverse energy (MTE) and laser spot size, is one of the most important parameters determining the beam quality. The bialkali photocathodes illuminated by a visible laser have the advantages of high quantum efficiency (QE) and low MTE. Furthermore, Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) guns can operate in the continuous wave (CW) mode at high accelerating gradients, e.g. with significant reduction of the laser spot size at the photocathode. Combining the bialkali photocathode with the SRF gun enables generation of high charge, high brightness, and possibly high average current electron beams. However, integrating the high QE semiconductor photocathode into the SRF guns has been challenging. In this article, we report on the development of bialkali photocathodes for successful operation in the SRF gun with months-long lifetime while delivering CW beams with nano-coulomb charge per bunch. This achievement opens a new era for high charge, high brightness CW electron beams.

TSH-suppressive therapy can reduce bone mineral density in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of TSH-suppressive therapy on the bone mineral density in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The cross-sectional, cohort, prospective controlled, and case-control studies on the bone mineral density change in patients with DTC after TSH-suppressive therapy from databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. The effect of TSH-suppressive therapy on bone mineral density of lumbar, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, and Ward triangle was analyzed. Data from the database establishment to January 2019 were all reviewed. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 software after two reviewers independently screened the date. The categorical variables were expressed as odds ratios, while the numerical variables were expressed as mean differences. Based on the heterogeneity of the study, a comprehensive analysis was performed by using fixed or random effect models.

RESULTS

A total of 11 studies involving 434 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were included. No significant difference in the bone mineral density of lumbar indications between the experimental and control groups was observed (MD=0.00, 95% CI=-0.03-0.03, p=0.96). The bone mineral density of the femoral neck indications (MD=-0.01, 95% CI=-0.04-0.03, p=0.70). A significant difference between experimental and control groups in the bone mineral density of femoral trochanter indications was observed (MD=-0.11, 95% CI=-0.14-0.07, p<0.00001). The bone mineral density of Ward's triangle indications (MD=-0.06, 95% CI=-0.11-0.01, p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

TSH-suppressive therapy in patients with DTC mainly reduces the proximal femur bone mineral density.

[Expert consensus on the treatment of oral and maxillofacial space infections]

Oral and maxillofacial space infections (OMSI) are common diseases of the facial region involving fascial spaces. Recently, OMSI shows trends of multi drug-resistance, severe symptoms, and increased mortality. OMSI treatment principles need to be updated to improve the cure rate. Based on the clinical experiences of Chinese experts and with the incorporation of international counterparts' expertise, the principles of preoperative checklist, interpretation of examination results, empirical medication principles, surgical treatment principles, postoperative drainage principles, prevention strategies of wisdom teeth pericoronitis-related OMSI, blood glucose management, physiotherapy principles, Ludwig's angina treatment and perioperative care were systematically summarized and an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of OMSI was reached. The consensus aims to provide criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of OMSI in China so as to improve the level of OMSI treatment.

Rapid elimination of trace bisphenol pollutants with porous β-cyclodextrin modified cellulose nanofibrous membrane in water: adsorption behavior and mechanism

A porous β-cyclodextrin modified cellulose nano-fiber membrane (CA-P-CDP) was fabricated and employed to treat the trace bisphenol pollutants (bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF)) in water. The characterization highlighted the porous structure, stable crystal structure, good thermal stability of the obtained CA-P-CDP, as well as abundant functional groups, which could greatly improve the adsorption of bisphenol pollutants and recovery. During the static adsorption process, the adsorbents dosage, temperature and pH showed significant influence on the adsorption performance. At the selected conditions (25 °C, 7.0 of pH and 0.1 g L^-1 of CA-P-CDP dosage), the BPA/BPS/BPF adsorption on CA-P-CDP could rapidly reached the equilibrium in 15 min by following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 50.37, 48.52 and 47.25 mg g^-1, respectively, according to Liu isotherm model. The mechanisms between the bisphenol pollutants and CA-P-CDP mainly involved the synergism of hydrophobic effects, hydrogen-bonding interactions and π-π stacking interactions. Besides, the dynamic adsorption data showed that the volume of treated water for CA-P-CDP (0.58 L) was 14.5 times larger than that of pristine cellulose membrane (0.04 L), revealing satisfactory adsorption performance of trace BPA in water. Furthermore, during the treatment of real water samples (lake water and river water) with trace bisphenol pollutants, the complete removal of the pollutants were evidently observed, which strongly verified the possibility of CA-P-CDP for the practical application.

Orbital competition of Mn3+ and V3+ ions in Mn1+x V2-x O4

The structural and magnetic properties of Mn1+x V2-x O4 (0 < x ⩽ 1) have been investigated by the heat capacity, magnetization, x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction measurements, and a phase diagram of temperature versus composition was built up. For x ⩽ 0.3, a cubic-to-tetragonal (c > a) phase transition was observed. For x > 0.3, the system maintained the tetragonal lattice. Although the collinear and noncollinear magnetic transitions of V3+ ions were obtained in all compositions, the canting angles between the V3+ ions decreased with Mn3+-doping, and the ordering of the Mn3+ ions was only observed as x > 0.4. In order to study the dynamics of the ground state, the first principles simulation was applied to analyze not only the orbital effects of Mn2+, Mn3+, and V3+ ions, but also the related exchange energies.

Application of Trace Biological Evidence Collection Kit in DNA Examination of Trace Bloodstain Samples from the Scene

Objective To evaluate the effects of DNA examination of trace bloodstain samples from the scene collected with Trace Biological Evidence Collection kit. Methods Venous blood was made into bloodstains on the ground. The trace bloodstain samples were collected with Trace Biological Evidence Collection kit and common methods, respectively. DNA examination of trace bloodstain samples （50 from each group） was conducted on the constant temperature shaker for 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively, and the examination results of every group were compared. Results When the trace bloodstain samples were placed on the constant temperature shaker for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the DNA detection rates in the group which used Trace Biological Evidence Collection kit （100.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 96.00%） were significantly higher than those in the group using common methods （62.00%, 26.00%, 10.00%, 0）, the differences had statistical significance （P<0.05）. When the trace bloodstain samples were placed on the constant temperature shaker for 2 h, the differences of DNA detection rates between the two groups had no statistical significance （ P>0.05）. Conclusion The Trace Biological Evidence Collection kit can effectively improve DNA detection rate and extend detection time limit for trace bloodstain samples from the scene that have been stored for a relatively long time.

[Analysis of genetic characteristics in two Chinese children of type Ⅱ Waardenburg syndrome]

Objective: To screen and analyze the mutations of MITF gene in two children of type Ⅱ Waardenburg syndrome (WS2) from different families in Yunnan,China,and to explore the possible molecular pathogenesis. Methods: With informed consent, medical history collection, physical examinations, audiological evaluation, and high resolution computer tomography (HRCT) scan of temporal bone were performed on the two WS2 probands and their family members. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of all individuals. The coding regions including all exons, part of introns and promoters of MITF, PAX3, SOX10, SNAI2, END3, ENDRB, and KITLG genes were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, pathogenic mutations detected in the probands and their parents were verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The proband 1 carried c.641_643delGAA mutation in the 7th exon of MITF gene, which was a frame-shift mutation resulting in an amino acid change of p.214delR. It was a de novo mutation as the parents of proband 1 showed no variation on this site. The proband 2 carried heterozygous loss of the large fragment ranging from exon 1 to exon 9 of MITF gene, which defected the function of MITF protein. Conclusion: Genetic examinations provide important evidence for diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome. Heterozygous mutation c.641_643delGAA and heterozygous loss of the large fragment ranging from exon 1 to exon 9 of MITF gene might be the molecular pathogenesis of the two WS2 probands in this study.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide induces intermittent viraemia in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of chidamide to reverse HIV-1 latency in vivo and to compare the effects of four clinically tested histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on non-histone proteins in vitro.

METHODS

Participants received chidamide orally at 10 mg twice weekly for 4 weeks while maintaining baseline antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome was plasma viral rebound during chidamide dosing and the secondary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, changes in cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA, and immune parameters. Western blotting was used to compare the in vitro effects of the four HDAC inhibitors on HSP90, NF-κB and AP-1.

RESULTS

Seven aviraemic participants completed eight oral doses of chidamide, and only grade 1 adverse events were observed. Cyclic increases in histone acetylation were also detected. All participants showed robust and repeated plasma viral rebound (peak viraemia 147-3850 copies/mL), as well as increased cell-associated HIV-1 RNA, during chidamide treatment. Furthermore, we identified an enhanced HIV-1-specific cellular immune response and a modest 37.7% (95% CI: 12.7-62.8%, P = 0.028) reduction in cell-associated HIV-1 DNA. Compared with the other three HDAC inhibitors, chidamide had minimal cytotoxicity in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations and showed mechanistically superior effects on non-histone proteins, including HSP90, NF-κB and AP-1.

CONCLUSIONS

Chidamide safely and vigorously disrupts HIV-1 latency in vivo, which makes it a promising latency-reversing agent.

[COVID-19 epidemic and its characteristics in Heilongjiang province]

Objective: To describe the COVID-19 epidemic and its characteristics in Heilongjiang province, and provide evidence for the further prevention and control of COVID-19 in the province. Methods: The information of COVID-19 cases and clusters were collected from national notifiable disease report system and management information system for reporting public health emergencies of China CDC. The Software's of Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 were applied for data cleaning and statistical analysis on the population, time and area distributions of COVID-19 cases. Results: On January 22, 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Heilongjiang. By March 11, 2020, a total of 482 cases domestic case of COVID-19, The incidence rate was 1.28/100 000, the mortality rate was 2.70% (13/482) in 13 municipalities in Heilongjiang. There were 81 clusters of COVID-19, The number of confirmed cases accounted for 79.25% (382/482) of the total confirmed cases and 12 cases of deaths. The family clusters accounted for 86.42% (70/81). Compared with the sporadic cases, the mortality rate, proportion of elderly cases aged 60 or above and severe or critical cases of clinical classification were all higher in the clusters especially the family clusters, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). There were 34 clusters involving more than 5 confirmed cases accounted for 41.98% (34/81) of the total clusters, the involved cases accounted for 68.31% (261/382) of the total cases of clusters. There were significant differences in age distribution of the cases among the case clusters with different case numbers. In the clusters involving 6-9 cases, the proportion of cases aged 65 years or above was more (26.53%, 39/147). Conclusions: The incidence rate of COVID-19 was relatively high and the early epidemic was serious in Heilongjiang, The number of cases was large in clusters especially family clusters.

[Observation and analysis of systemic reactions to house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy in 362 patients with allergic rhinitis]

Objective: To investigate the frequency and severity of systemic reactions (SRs) to standardized house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR), and to analyze the clinical risk factors. Methods: The clinical data of 362 patients including 209 males and 153 females, aged from 5 to 55 years old receiving SCIT at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou were collected from May 2014 to July 2017. The SRs were classified as early-onset and delayed-onset, and 4 grades (grade Ⅰ to Ⅳ) to assess severity. The records of SRs were retrospectively analyzed, including the numbers/frequencies, symptoms and signs, onset of reaction and treatment. And the relationships between SRs and patient's age, gender, allergen injection dose, accompanied allergic diseases were explored. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0. Results: There were 57 cases (15.75%) of SRs in 362 patients. All the patients received a total of 12 308 injections and 111 SRs (0.90%) were observed. Among them, 31 (27.93%) were early-onset reactions and 80 (72.07%) were delayed-onset reactions; most of the SRs were grade Ⅰ reactions (n=83, 74.78%), followed by grade Ⅱ (n=25, 22.52%), grade Ⅲ (n=3, 2.70%), and no fatal reactions occurred. The incidence of SRs in patients>14 years old was higher than that in patients ≤14 years old according to the number of cases and injections (35.14% vs 13.54%, 2.34% vs 0.76%, χ(2) value was 11.679, 28.162, respectively, all P<0.05), but no significant differences of SRs were observed in gender (18.66% vs 11.76%, 5.98% vs 5.62%, χ(2) value was 3.166, 0.095, respectively, all P>0.05). Fifteen SRs (13.51%) occurred during the build-up phase and 96 (86.49%) during the maintenance phases. SRs could occur in lots of dose phases, and 95 (85.59%) were distributed at high concentrations more than 40 000 SQ-U. The incidence of SRs in patients with multiple allergic diseases was significantly higher than that in patients with AR alone, with asthma or atopic dermatitis (30.67% vs 11.85%, χ(2)=15.875, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the incidence of SRs in patients with pure AR was also significantly lower than that in patients with other allergic diseases (5.26% vs 20.56%, χ(2)=13.783, P<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of SRs is less than 1% according to the injection times, the severity of SRs is mostly slight, and the safety and tolerance are good during standardized house dust mite SCIT in perennial AR patients. Delayed-onset SRs are more common. The incidence of SRs is significantly correlated with age, high dose of allergen vaccine injection, and concomitant other allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, etc).

Identification of non-coding RNA regulatory networks in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia reveals circ-0004136 could promote cell proliferation by sponging miR-142

OBJECTIVE

Abnormal expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been observed in various biological processes and cancer pathogenesis. However, the expression of circRNAs in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains largely unknown so far.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Twelve bone marrow samples from pediatric AML patients and healthy controls were analyzed using Agilent circRNA microarray (n = 6, respectively). The circRNAs profiles and regulatory networks were analyzed by integrated bioinformatics methods. Functional analysis (Gene Ontology and KEGG) was performed by KOBAS. The expression of circRNA in patient samples was validated via qRT-PCR assay (n > 30). Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the binding of miRNAs. CCK8 and colony formation assay were conducted to measure cell proliferation.

RESULTS

A total of 273 circRNAs were upregulated in AML and 296 were downregulated (Fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05), the majority of these circRNAs were distributed among chr1, chr6, and chr16, while few in chr13 and chr21. Top 20 differentially expressed circRNAs were chosen to build circRNAs-miRNAs regulatory relationships. Bioinformatics algorithms indicated that circ-0004136 acts as a sponge for several pediatric AML-related miRNAs. Target genes involved in the circ0004136-miRNA-mRNA network were enriched in leukemia-related functions and signaling pathways. Circ-0004136 was found to be significantly upregulated in pediatric AML and could sponge AML-related miRNAs, including miR-29a and miR-142. Furthermore, circ-0004136 was demonstrated to promote the proliferation of AML by sponging miR-142.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, this study revealed the circRNAs expression profile and regulatory networks of circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs in pediatric AML for the first time. Circ-0004136 was significantly upregulated in pediatric AML and could promote cell proliferation by sponging miR-142.

Coherently coupled vector black solitons in a quasi-isotropic cavity fiber laser

We report the first experimental observation of coherently coupled black-black solitons in a quasi-isotropic cavity fiber laser with normal cavity dispersion. The properties of the vector solitons accord well with the theoretical predictions based on the coherently coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Numerical studies and experimental results clearly confirmed the existence of the highly robust vector black solitons in the fiber laser system.

[Genetic expression differences of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the bone microvascular endothelial cells derived from different regions of the human femoral head]

Objective: To investigate the expression levels and activation differences of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) gene in bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in different regions of human femoral head. Methods: Tissue specimens of femoral heads were obtained from hip arthroplasty carried out in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to June 2018. And the BMECs we isolated, purified, identified and cultured from different regions of the human femoral head: in the subchondral and cancellous bone regions. The BMECs from the two regions were intervened by hydrocortisone with a series of low concentration gradients (0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10 mg/ml) respectively. The cell phenotype and functional status of BMECs and cell migration were detected by scratch experiments, and the angiogenesis in different regions of the femoral head was observed. The mRNA and protein expression of 11beta-HSD1, 11beta-HSD2 in BMECs were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot method, respectively. Results: With the increase of the concentration of hydrocortisone, the 11beta-HSD1 mRNA and protein expression of BMECs in the subchondral and cancellous bone regions of the femoral head increased significantly, and the 11beta-HSD1 mRNA and protein expression of BMECs in the subchondral bone region was significantly lower than those in cancellous bone region (all P<0.05). The 11beta-HSD2 mRNA and protein expression of BMECs in the cancellous bone region showed a slow decrease first and then increased slightly at 0.10 mg/ml, while the expression in the subchondral bone region was the opposite. The 11beta-HSD2 mRNA and protein expression of BMECs in subchondral bone region was slightly higher than those in cancellous bone region (all P<0.05), but there was no significant statistical difference between the two regions at 0.10 mg/ml (0.123±0.018 vs 0.126±0.021, 0.577±0.231 vs 0.609±0.174, t=1.380, 0.409, both P>0.05). At different times of the 0.06 mg/ml hydrocortisone intervention, there was no significant differences in scratch closure rate, the number of BMECs lumen, the number of buds and the length of tubule branches in different regions of the femoral head (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The 11beta-HSD expression of BMECs in different regions of human femoral head is significantly different. The 11beta-HSD1 is high-expressed, but 11beta-HSD2 is low-expressed in BMECs of the cancellous bone region, and those are opposite in the subchondral bone region, which helps to explain the pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of hormonal osteonecrosis.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 is increased in IBD patients and functions as an anti-inflammatory modulator

Growing evidence shows that a homozygous 6·7-kb deletion of the novel anti-inflammatory molecule leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is associated with many autoimmune disorders. However, its effects on pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have yet not been clarified. LILRA3 is mainly expressed in monocytes, whereas its effects on biological behaviors of monocytes have not been systematically reported. In our study, to investigate the association between LILRA3 polymorphism and IBD susceptibility, LILRA3 polymorphism was assessed in 378 IBD patients and 509 healthy controls. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to detect the LILRA3 expression in IBD patient blood and intestinal samples. The human U937 monocyte cell line was employed to establish LILRA3 over-expressing cells and the effects of LILRA3 on the biological behaviors of U937 cells were systematically explored. Although no association of the polymorphism with IBD development was found, LILRA3 expression was markedly increased in IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Over-expression of LILRA3 in monocytes led to significant decreases in secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Additionally, LILRA3 abated monocyte migration by reducing the expression of several chemokines and enhanced monocyte phagocytosis by increasing CD36 expression. Furthermore, LILRA3 promoted monocyte proliferation through a combination of Akt and extracellular receptor kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk/MEK) signaling pathways. We report for the first time, to our knowledge, that LILRA3 is related to IBD and functions as an anti-inflammatory modulator in U937 cells.

[Peripapillary and macular vessel density in eyes with different phases of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy]

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of vessel density in the optic disc and macular area of patients with different phases of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and their correlation with visual function. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between June 2019 and September 2019. TAO patients and healthy volunteers were included in the study. Patients with a clinical activity score greater than or equal to 3 points were categorized as active TAO. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) patients with a course less than 6 months were categorized as acute phase of DON, and those more than 6 months were in the chronic group. Healthy volunteers were in the control group. Each group included 12 subjects, with right eyes for analysis. There were 6 males and 6 females in each group. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity and visual field examination for the mean defect (MD). Best corrected visual acuity was subsequently converted to logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). Optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC). Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to the peripapillary and macular vessel density. The differences in the vessel densities in the optic disc and macular area between groups and their correlation with different factors were analyzed. Analysis of variance, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman coefficient were conducted for statistical analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in age among the four groups (P>0.05). The logMAR of the acute DON group was 0.1 (0.0, 0.2), worse than the control group, which was 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) (U=114.000, P<0.05). The overall vessel densities of the optic disc in acute DON and chronic DON were significantly lower than the control group (54.70%±2.31% and 54.31%±3.65% vs. 57.54%±2.17%; t=3.104, 2.636; both P<0.05). The overall superficial vessel densities of the macular area in active TAO, acute DON and chronic DON were significantly lower than the control group (46.07%±3.06% and 42.26%±5.05% and 45.63%±3.87% vs. 49.34%±3.08%), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.614, 4.147, 2.603; all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the size of the foveal avascular zone or the density of deep blood vessels in the macular area among the four groups (all P>0.05). In the active TAO period, there was no correlation between the MD value, RNFL thickness, GCC thickness and the vessel densities of the optic disc and macular area (all P>0.05). The vascular density of the whole layer of the optic disc in acute DON was negatively correlated with the MD value (r=-0.591, P<0.05) and positively correlated with the RNFL thickness and GCC thickness (r=0.595, 0.693; both P<0.05). In chronic DON, the overall capillary density of the optic disc was negatively correlated with the MD value (r=-0.673, P<0.05); the superficial overall blood vessel density of the macular area was positively correlated with the thickness of RNFL and GCC (r=0.732, 0.712;both P<0.01). Conclusions: In active TAO, only the blood supply to the superficial layer of the macular area is decreased. In the acute and chronic phases of DON, the blood supply to the superficial layer of the macular area and the optic disc is both reduced; the smaller the blood vessel density, the more severe the visual field defect, and the thinner the RNFL and GCC. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:824-831).

[Threshold effects of body mass index on the bone mineral density of Chinese rural women in fluorosis area]

To explore the threshold effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women living in the fluorosis area, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 722 women in rural areas in Henan Province, China. After detection and analyses, we found that compared with the normal BMI group, the risk of osteoporosis in the overweight and obese groups were reduced by 32% and 69%, respectively. Threshold effect analysis showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI when BMI was 16.8-31.2 kg/m²; while when BMI was greater than 31.2 kg/m², the correlation reached saturation. The correlation observed between low-to-moderate fluoride exposure and BMD in rural women was not significant.

Changes in gut microbiota are associated with coronary angiographic severity and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background

1. Studies have found that gut microbiota is a new participant and potential therapeutic target for CVD and even MI.

2. No clinical study to date, however, has investigated whether the changes of gut microbiota associated with coronary lesion degree and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Aim

We prospectively investigated associations, of gut microbiota in their feces and coronary lesion degree, and long-term prognosis of patients with ACS.

Methods

1. In prospective cohort study, a total 502 subjects including 402 ACS patients and 100 controls. Fecal specimens were used to extract bacterial genomic DNA

2. 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria were generated to analyse specific gut microbial taxa associated with ACS onset for 60 ACS patients and 30 healthy controls.

3. Specific primers were designed according to the 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria for real time PCR reaction to determine the number of different bacteria.

4. All ACS patients calculated SYNTAX score by coronary radiography results and followed up for one year. The correlation of gut microbiota with coronary angiographic severity and prognosis in the ACS patients was analyzed.

Results

1. Compared with the control group,the number of bacteria in Escherichia coli, Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) and Lactobacillus decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) in patients with ACS.

2. Lactobacillus were independent predictors of coronary angiographic severity in patients with ACS (HR=0.953; 95% CI: 0.935–0.970, P&lt;0.001).

3. Decreased Lactobacillus levels were independent protection factors with all-cause death (HR=0.954; 95% CI: 0.913–0.997, P=0.038) and risk of major adverse cardiac events (HR=0.952; 95% CI: 0.929–0.976, P&lt;0.001),especially for heart failure in long-term prognosis(HR=0.960; 95% CI: 0.932–0.989, P=0.007).

Conclusion

1. Number of Lactobacillus are significantly decreased in patients with ACS,and associated with SYNTAX score,suggesting that Lactobacillus is associated with severity of coronary artery disease, all-cause death and MACE.

2. It provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of ACS.

Real time PCR

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Major Science and Technology Projects of Tianjin Science and Technology Commission in 2016

Histopathological features of complete pathological response predict recurrence-free survival following neoadjuvant targeted therapy for metastatic melanoma

BACKGROUND

Recent clinical trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib (DT) among patients with surgically resectable clinical stage III BRAFV600E/K mutant melanoma. Although patients achieving a complete pathological response (pCR) exhibited superior recurrence-free survival (RFS) versus those who did not, 30% of pCR patients relapsed. We sought to identify whether histopathological features of the pathological response further delineated risk of relapse.

METHODS

Surgical resection specimens from DT-treated patients in two phase 2 clinical trials were reviewed. Histopathological features, including relative amounts of viable tumour, necrosis, melanosis, and fibrosis (hyalinized or immature/proliferative) were assessed for associations with patient outcomes.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine patients underwent surgical resection following neoadjuvant DT. Patients achieving pCR (49%) had longer RFS compared with patients who did not (P = 0.005). Patients whose treated tumour showed any hyalinized fibrosis had longer RFS versus those without (P = 0.014), whereas necrosis (P = 0.012) and/or immature/proliferative fibrosis (P = 0.026) correlated with shorter RFS. Multivariable analyses showed absence of pCR or presence of immature fibrosis independently predicted shorter RFS. Among pCR patients, mature/hyalinized-type fibrosis correlated with improved RFS (P = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS

The extent and composition of the pathological response following neoadjuvant DT in BRAFV600E/K mutant melanoma correlates with RFS, including pCR patients. These findings support the need for detailed histological analysis of specimens collected after neoadjuvant therapy.