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Alemanno F, An Q, Azzarello P, Barbato FCT, Bernardini P, Bi XJ, Cai MS, Catanzani E, Chang J, Chen DY, Chen JL, Chen ZF, Cui MY, Cui TS, Cui YX, Dai HT, D'Amone A, De Benedittis A, De Mitri I, de Palma F, Deliyergiyev M, Di Santo M, Dong TK, Dong ZX, Donvito G, Droz D, Duan JL, Duan KK, D'Urso D, Fan RR, Fan YZ, Fang K, Fang F, Feng CQ, Feng L, Fusco P, Gao M, Gargano F, Gong K, Gong YZ, Guo DY, Guo JH, Guo XL, Han SX, Hu YM, Huang GS, Huang XY, Huang YY, Ionica M, Jiang W, Kong J, Kotenko A, Kyratzis D, Lei SJ, Li S, Li WL, Li X, Li XQ, Liang YM, Liu CM, Liu H, Liu J, Liu SB, Liu WQ, Liu Y, Loparco F, Luo CN, Ma M, Ma PX, Ma T, Ma XY, Marsella G, Mazziotta MN, Mo D, Niu XY, Pan X, Parenti A, Peng WX, Peng XY, Perrina C, Qiao R, Rao JN, Ruina A, Salinas MM, Shang GZ, Shen WH, Shen ZQ, Shen ZT, Silveri L, Song JX, Stolpovskiy M, Su H, Su M, Sun ZY, Surdo A, Teng XJ, Tykhonov A, Wang H, Wang JZ, Wang LG, Wang S, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang YZ, Wang ZM, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YF, Wen SC, Wu D, Wu J, Wu LB, Wu SS, Wu X, Xia ZQ, Xu HT, Xu ZH, Xu ZL, Xu ZZ, Xue GF, Yang HB, Yang P, Yang YQ, Yao HJ, Yu YH, Yuan GW, Yuan Q, Yue C, Zang JJ, Zhang F, Zhang SX, Zhang WZ, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhang YL, Zhang YP, Zhang YQ, Zhang Z, Zhang ZY, Zhao C, Zhao HY, Zhao XF, Zhou CY, Zhu Y. Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Energy Spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE Space Mission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:201102. [PMID: 34110215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an energy of about 1.3 TeV, similar to previous observations. In addition, a spectral softening at about 34 TeV is revealed for the first time with large statistics and well controlled systematic uncertainties, with an overall significance of 4.3σ. The DAMPE spectral measurements of both cosmic protons and helium nuclei suggest a particle charge dependent softening energy, although with current uncertainties a dependence on the number of nucleons cannot be ruled out.
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Cheng T, Wang X, Zhang SX, Yang J, Zhao C, Wang Y, An J, Chen J. OP0307 GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with disturbance of lymphocyte subpopulations1. Growing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that chronic inflammatory response induced by gut microbiome critically contribute to the development of SLE2 3.Objectives:To investigate the characteristics of gut microbiome and the associations between flora and peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in SLE patients.Methods:A total of 19 SLE patients who fulfilled the 2019 American college of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria and 16 age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. The peripheral T lymphocyte subsets of these participants were assessed by flow cytometry and the gut microbiota were investigated via 16s rRNA. Indicators of disease activity such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complement C3 and C4 were recorded at the same time. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare T lymphocyte subsets between SLE patients and HC. Spearman analysis was used for calculating correlation between T subsets and highly expressed differential flora as well as their correlation with disease activity indicators. All P-values reported herein were two-tailed and P-value<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results:SLE patients had higher proportions of Th17 cells (P=0.020) and γδT cells (P=0.018) but lower levels of Treg cells (P=0.001), Tfh cells (P=0.018) and Naïve CD4+T cells (P=0.004) (Figure 1a-e). The diversity and relative abundance of intestinal flora in patients with SLE were significantly different from those in HCs. Detailly, the α-diversity was decreased in SLE (P<0.05) (Figure 2a-c). Compared with HC, 11 species of flora were discovered to be distinctly different(P<0.05) (Figure 2d-e). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Treg levels and Ruminococcus2 (P=0.042), Th17 and Megamonas (P=0.009), γδT and Streptococcus (P=0.004) as well as Megamonas (P=0.003), Tfh and Bacteroides (P=0.040). Whereas Th1 levels and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated in these participants (P=0.005). As for clinical disease measures, there were negative correlations not only between ESR and Treg cells (P=0.031) but also C4 and the amount of Unclassified Ruminococcaceae (P=0.032).Conclusion:Abnormality of T cell subsets, especially the level of Naïve CD4+T, γδT, Tfh, Treg, and Th17 cells contributes to the occurrence and progression of SLE, which may be related to the disturbance of gut microbiota. Therefore it is necessary to attach importance to the alteration of gut microbiota to prevent the outbreak of inflammation and maybe they can be identified as biomarkers predicting disease activity.References:[1]Katsuyama T, Tsokos GC, Moulton VR. Aberrant T Cell Signaling and Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018;9:1088. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01088 [published Online First: 2018/06/06][2]López P, de Paz B, Rodríguez-Carrio J, et al. Th17 responses and natural IgM antibodies are related to gut microbiota composition in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Sci Rep 2016;6:24072. doi: 10.1038/srep24072 [published Online First: 2016/04/06][3]Esmaeili SA, Mahmoudi M, Momtazi AA, et al. Tolerogenic probiotics: potential immunoregulators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Cell Physiol 2017;232(8):1994-2007. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25748 [published Online First: 2016/12/21]Acknowledgements:This project was supported by National Science Foundation of China (82001740), Open Fund from the Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) (KLCP2019) and Innovation Plan for Postgraduate Education in Shanxi Province (2020BY078).Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Wang W, Qin Y, Song H, Wang L, Jia M, Zhao C, Gong M, Zhao W. Galectin-9 Targets NLRP3 for Autophagic Degradation to Limit Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2692-2699. [PMID: 33963043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory disorders, and its activation should be tightly controlled to avoid detrimental effects. NLRP3 protein expression is considered as the rate-limiting step for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this study, we show that galectin-9 (encoded by lgals9) attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting the protein degradation of NLRP3 in primary peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6J mice. Lgals9 deficiency enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotes NLRP3-dependent inflammation in C57BL/6J mice in vivo. Mechanistically, galectin-9 interacts with NLRP3, promotes the formation of NLRP3/p62 (an autophagic cargo receptor, also known as SQSTM1) complex, and thus facilitates p62-dependent autophagic degradation of NLRP3 in primary peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6J mice and HEK293T cells. Therefore, we identify galectin-9 as an "eat-me" signal for selective autophagy of NLRP3 and uncover the potential roles of galectins in controlling host protein degradation. Furthermore, our work suggests galectin-9 as a priming therapeutic target for the diseases caused by improper NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Zhao C, Wei Y. [Optical correction principles of accommodative esotropia]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 57:331-335. [PMID: 33915634 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210202-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Accommodative esotropia is the most common type of esotropia in children. The patients often need to wear hyperopic glasses to correct eye positions and improve vision and binocular function. However, the course of accommodative esotropia is usually long, so it is necessary to monitor the refractive changes for a long time. Maintaining full hyperopic correction will interfere with the emmetropia development of the eyeball, and undercorrection of hyperopia will lead to the risk of esotropia decompensation. These often bring confusion when clinicians prescribe glasses. The benefits of accommodative esotropia with a high accommodation convergence/accommodation ratio from fitting bifocal lenses and the effect of prisms on residual esotropia have also been controversial topics in this field. In this article, we combine the research status and clinical practice to present some points of view for the peer reference. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 331-335).
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Sun J, Luo S, Suetterlin KJ, Song J, Huang J, Zhu W, Xi J, Zhou L, Lu J, Lu J, Zhao C, Hanna MG, Männikkö R, Matthews E, Qiao K. Clinical and genetic spectrum of a Chinese cohort with SCN4A gene mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:829-838. [PMID: 33965302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle sodium channelopathies due to SCN4A gene mutations have a broad clinical spectrum. However, each phenotype has been reported in few cases of Chinese origin. We present detailed phenotype and genotype data from a cohort of 40 cases with SCN4A gene mutations seen in neuromuscular diagnostic service in Huashan hospital, Fudan University. Cases were referred from 6 independent provinces from 2010 to 2018. A questionnaire covering demographics, precipitating factors, episodes of paralysis and myotonia was designed to collect the clinical information. Electrodiagnostic studies and muscle MRI were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical spectrum of patients included: 6 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (15%), 18 Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (45%), 7 sodium channel myotonia (17.5%), 4 paramyotonia congenita (10%) and 5 heterozygous asymptomatic mutation carriers (12.5%). Review of clinical information highlights a significant delay to diagnosis (median 15 years), reports of pain and myalgia in the majority of patients, male predominance, circadian rhythm and common precipitating factors. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed subclinical myotonic discharges and a positive long exercise test in asymptomatic carriers. Muscle MRI identified edema and fatty infiltration in gastrocnemius and soleus. A total of 13 reported and 2 novel SCN4A mutations were identified with most variants distributed in the transmembrane helix S4 to S6, with a hotspot mutation p.Arg675Gln accounting for 32.5% (13/40) of the cohort. Our study revealed a higher proportion of periodic paralysis in SCN4A-mutated patients compared with cohorts from England and the Netherlands. It also highlights the importance of electrodiagnostic studies in diagnosis and segregation studies.
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Zhang J, Zhao C, Zhao W. Virus Caused Imbalance of Type I IFN Responses and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633769. [PMID: 33912161 PMCID: PMC8071932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The global expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as one of the greatest public health challenges and imposes a great threat to human health. Innate immunity plays vital roles in eliminating viruses through initiating type I interferons (IFNs)-dependent antiviral responses and inducing inflammation. Therefore, optimal activation of innate immunity and balanced type I IFN responses and inflammation are beneficial for efficient elimination of invading viruses. However, SARS-CoV-2 manipulates the host’s innate immune system by multiple mechanisms, leading to aberrant type I IFN responses and excessive inflammation. In this review, we will emphasize the recent advances in the understanding of the crosstalk between host innate immunity and SARS-CoV-2 to explain the imbalance between inflammation and type I IFN responses caused by viral infection, and explore potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Zhao C, Wang J, Wang HM, Ma Y, Li XT, Guo X, Wang Y. [Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in obstructive sleep apnea surgery]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2021; 56:295-300. [PMID: 33730816 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200615-00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shen MX, Zhao C, Wang YJ, Xin XW, Yin Y, Jin YP. [ACTG2 associated visceral myopathy with intestinal pseudoobstruction]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:331-333. [PMID: 33775056 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200919-00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Frantz R, Desai S, Ewald G, Franco V, Hage A, Horn E, LaRue S, Mathier M, Mandras S, Park M, Ravichandran A, Wang I, Zolty R, Rocco M, Selej M, Zhao C, Rame J. First Results of Soprano: Macitentan in Patients (pts) with Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Post-Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Shang X, Shi J, Wang X, Yu H, Zhao C, Wang H. P02.05 A Nomogram to Predict Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Atezolizumab: An Analysis of OAK and POPLAR Cohorts. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang K, Lei Y, Wang X, Duan J, Cui L, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Bai Y, Tan X, Fu D, Zhao C, Yang B, Teng Y. P75.08 KDM5C Mutation Is Associated with Better Immunotherapy Outcomes in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han R, Jia Y, Li X, Zhao C, Zhao S, Liu S, Liu Y, Qiao M, Li J, Gao G, Su C, Ren S, Zhou C. P76.07 Metformin Enhances the Efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang W, Jia M, Zhao C, Yu Z, Song H, Qin Y, Zhao W. RNF39 mediates K48-linked ubiquitination of DDX3X and inhibits RLR-dependent antiviral immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabe5877. [PMID: 33674311 PMCID: PMC7935364 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are major cytosolic RNA sensors and play crucial roles in initiating antiviral innate immunity. Furthermore, RLRs have been implicated in multiple autoimmune disorders. Thus, RLR activation should be tightly controlled to avoid detrimental effects. "DEAD-box RNA helicase 3, X-linked" (DDX3X) is a key adaptor in RLR signaling, but its regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF39 inhibits RLR pathways through mediating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DDX3X. Concordantly, Rnf39 deficiency enhances RNA virus-triggered innate immune responses and attenuates viral replication. Thus, our results uncover a previously unknown mechanism for the control of DDX3X activity and suggest RNF39 as a priming intervention target for diseases caused by aberrant RLR activation.
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Jiang W, Sun W, Li W, Gao J, Wang H, Zhou W, Liang J, Zhao C, Wang L. P09.01 Different Administration Routes of Endostar Combined with Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced NSCLC, a Real World Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pang D, Chen W, Zhang J, Yang L, Shao G, Liuru T, Xu L, Xu W, Zhao C, Luo M, Ma L, Zhang F, Liang Z, Li S, Kong F. P07.08 IDO Immune Suppression and Post Surgical Toxicity in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang GN, Fang XP, Zhao C, Wu HY, Lan YX, Che L, Sun YK, Lv JY, Zhang YG, Pan CF. Effects of replacing soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake and dried distillers grains with solubles on milk performance and antioxidant functions in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100004. [PMID: 33526406 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin seed cake (PSC), a byproduct of pumpkin seed oil processing, is used in ruminant feed as a beneficial protein source. Experiments were conducted to evaluate PSC as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of lactating cows based on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant function and nitrogen partitioning. Six multiparous lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment with 27-day periods. The cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups: group (1) was fed a diet containing no PSC (0PSC), and groups (2) and (3) were fed diets in which soybean meal was replaced with PSC and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) at levels of 50% (50PSC) and 100% (100PSC), respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous and contained identical roughage but different proportions of PSC and DDGS. Replacement of soybean meal with PSC and DDGS did not influence rumen degradation, milk performance, rumen fermentation, DM intake or apparent total tract digestibility, and nitrogen partitioning between milk, feces and urine did not differ in the animals fed the three diets. However, compared with a diet containing no PSC, the total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) activities (P < 0.05) were increased in the animals that received the 50PSC and 100PSC diets. In contrast, addition of PSC significantly reduced concentrations of aspartate transaminase (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05) in the plasma. These results demonstrate that PSC can be completely substituted for soybean meal in the diet of dairy cows without any negative impact on milk performance, rumen fermentation or apparent digestibility and that this dietary change improves antioxidant functions and blood parameters in dairy cows, indicating that PSC has the potential for use as a feed source for dairy cows.
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Ji S, Li J, Chang L, Zhao C, Jia R, Tan Z, Liu R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yin G, Guan Y, Xia X, Yi X, Xu J. Peripheral blood T-cell receptor repertoire as a predictor of clinical outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitor. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1646-1656. [PMID: 33583004 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying valid biomarkers for patient selection impressively promotes the success of anti-PD-1 therapy. However, the unmet need for biomarkers in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains significant. We aimed to explore the predictive value of the circulating T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire for clinical outcomes in GI cancers who received anti-PD-1 therapy. METHODS 137 pre- and 79 post-treated peripheral blood samples were included. The TCR repertoire was evaluated by sequencing of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) in the TRB gene. The Shannon index was used to measure the diversity of the TCR repertoire, and Morisita's overlap index was used to determine TCR repertoire similarities between pre- and post-treated samples. RESULTS Among all enrolled patients, 76 received anti-PD-1 monotherapy and 61 received anti-PD-1 combination therapy. In the anti-PD-1 monotherapy cohort, patients with higher baseline TCR diversity exhibited a significantly higher disease control rate (77.8% vs. 47.2%; hazard ratio [HR] 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-13.48; P = 0.030) and a longer progression-free survival (PFS) (median: 6.47 months vs. 2.77 months; HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.16-3.79; P = 0.014) and overall survival (OS) (median: NA vs. 8.97 months; HR 3.53; 95% CI 1.49-8.38; P = 0.004) than those with lower diversity. Moreover, patients with a higher TCR repertoire similarity still showed a superior PFS (4.43 months vs. 1.84 months; HR 13.98; 95% CI 4.37-44.68; P < 0.001) and OS (13.40 months vs. 6.12 months; HR 2.93; 95% CI 1.22-7.03; P = 0.016) even in the cohort with lower baseline diversity. However, neither biomarker showed predictive value in the anti-PD-1 combination therapy cohort. Interestingly, the combination of TCR diversity and PD-L1 expression can facilitate patient stratification in a pooled cohort. CONCLUSION The circulating TCR repertoire can serve as a predictor of clinical outcomes in anti-PD-1 therapy in GI cancers.
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Zhang GN, Li Y, Zhao C, Fang XP, Zhang YG. Effect of substituting wet corn gluten feed and corn stover for alfalfa hay in total mixed ration silage on lactation performance in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100013. [PMID: 33558089 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is a high moisture feed containing rapidly digestible, non-forage fiber and protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of substituting WCGF and corn stover for alfalfa hay in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on lactation performance and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein dairy cows (BW = 532 ± 28.9 kg and day in milk = 136 ± 5.6 d; mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods (14 d of diet adaption and 7 d of sample collection). Groups were balanced for parity, day in milk, and milk production and consumed one of three treatment diets during each period. The treatment diets were fed as TMR and contained similar concentrate mixtures and corn silage but different proportions of roughage and WCGF. The three treatments were: (1) 0% WCGF, 0% corn stover, and 22.1% alfalfa hay (0% WCGF); (2) 6.9% WCGF, 3.4% corn stover, and 11.8% alfalfa hay (7% WCGF); and (3) 13.3% WCGF, 4.9% corn stover, and 3.9% alfalfa hay (13.3% WCGF). Compared to the 0% WCGF diet, the cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets had a higher milk yield and concentration of milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. Effective degradability of DM was higher in the cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than it was with the 0% WCGF diet. Cows fed the 13.3% WCGF had a higher CP effective degradability and a lower rumen undegraded protein than cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids and ammonia-N was higher in cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. The fecal N was lower in cows fed the 7% and 13.3% WCGF diets than it was in cows fed the 0% WCGF diet. Milk N secretion and milk N as a percent of N intake were higher in cows fed the 13.3% WCGF diet than cows fed the 0% and 7% WCGF diets. In conclusion, it appears that feeding a TMR silage containing WCGF and corn stover in combination, replacing a portion of alfalfa hay, may improve lactation performance and nitrogen utilization for lactating dairy cows.
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Zhao C, Hu P, Bai YL, Xia C. Plasma metabolic differences in cows affected by inactive ovaries or normal ovarian function post partum. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 23:59-67. [PMID: 32233305 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anestrus is essential to an unsuccessful pregnancy in dairy cows. One of the many factors that influences anestrus is the inactive ovary. To characterize in detail the plasma metabolic pro- file, anestrus cows suffering from inactive ovaries were compared with those with natural estrus. The Holstein cows 60 to 90 day postpartum in an intensive dairy farm were assigned into inactive ovaries groups (IO, n=20) and natural estrus group (CON, n=22) according to estrus signs and rectal palpation of ovaries. Plasma samples from two groups of cows were collected from the tail vein to screen differential metabolites using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques and multivariate statistical analysis and pathways. The results showed that 106 compounds were screened by GC/MS and 14 compounds in the IO group were decreased by analyzing important variables in the projection values and p values of MSA.Through pathway analysis, 14 compounds, mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid meta- bolism, were identified to results in IO, which may seriously affect follicular growth. Metabolo- mics profiling, together with MSA and pathway analysis, showed that follicular growth and development in dairy cows is related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism by a single or multiple pathway(s).
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Wang D, Yu D, Zhao C, Xia C, Xu C, Wu L. Subclinical ketosis risk prediction in dairy cows based on prepartum metabolic indices. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ketosis can seriously impair cow performance. This study detected changes in prepartum blood metabolic parameters for predicting postpartum ketosis occurrence in dairy cows. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed before and after delivery. Blood samples of 63 cows were collected from 10 days before calving to 10 days after calving to measure metabolic parameters including β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose (GLU), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). There was a postpartum subclinical ketosis incidence of 42.25%. Compared with prepartum, plasma, levels of BHBA, AST, and NEFA significantly increased postpartum, and prepartum AST (R=0.57) and NEFA (R=0.45) showed a significant positive correlation with ketosis postpartum. Plasma GLU level significantly decreased postpartum and was significantly negatively correlated with ketosis (R=-0.21). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed prepartum BSC < 2.88, and prepartum plasma AST > 68.0 U/L, GLU < 3.97mmol/L, NEFA > 0.27mmol/L, and BHBA > 0.43mmol/L, indicating a high risk of subclinical ketosis postpartum. These levels can be used as risk indicators to predict the occurrence of subclinical ketosis in postpartum cows.
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Di Y, Zhao C, Bai Y, Wang D, Zhang F, Xu C, Xi C. Effects of blood pathological changes before TAI on pregnancy of dairy cows with anestrus and estrus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of plasma pathological changes before timed artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy of cows. The contents of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), glucose (Glu), selenium (Se), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and histamine (HIS) in plasma of 48 Holstein cows were measured before TAI. According to the estrus detection, the cows were divided into estrus (E) and anestrus (A) groups. After pregnancy testing at 28 d after TAI, two groups of E and A were divided into positive pregnancy of E group (EP+), negative pregnancy of E group (EP-), positive pregnancy of A group (AP+), and negative pregnancy of A group (AP-). The contents of E2, P4, Glu, Se, BDNF and hIS significantly differed among the four groups (P<0.01). The ROC analysis was used to determine the risk of negative pregnancy test (-) after TAI was increased when plasma E2 was less than 46.45 pmol/L in cows before TAI. The changes in E2, P4,hIS, Glu, and BDNF in the blood of natural estrus and natural anestrus cows affected the pregnancy after TAI. the level of E2 in plasma may be used to assess the risk of negative pregnancy after TAI.
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Xiong X, Wang R, Zhao C, Wang B. The Evaluation Value of Emergency and Critical Illness Scoring System for Emergency Medical Patients. Indian J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.spl.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ren YX, Wei L, Jiang HR, Zhao C, Zhao TS. On-Site Fluorination for Enhancing Utilization of Lithium in a Lithium-Sulfur Full Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53860-53868. [PMID: 33201662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rechargeability of the lithium anode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is an issue for this type of battery. In this work, we demonstrate a Li-S full battery comprising a protected anode scaffold and a Li2S cathode. The stabilized performance is attained by an on-site fluorination strategy, using BiF3 for the interfacial coating of the anode. Unlike previously reported LiF protective coating derived from the vapor/solution depositions, BiF3 nanocrystals would be lithiated on-site to the anode surface and server as the protective layer. The chemically inertial Li3Bi alloy can provide additional ion-conductive paths and stitch the LiF to form a seamless protective layer, thereby suppressing the dendrite propagation and parasitic reactions effectively. With the designed anode structures and compositions, the high-loading full battery (8.05 mg cm-2) can achieve an exceptional utilization of both sulfur (898 mAh gS-1) and lithium (1533 mAh gLi-1) over 200 cycles, marking a step toward cyclable Li metal batteries at a high capacity.
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Zhao C, Pires J, van Boeckel T. Future surveillance of AMR in animals in China – A spatial approach. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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van Boeckel T, Pires J, Silvester R, Zhao C, Song J, Criscuolo N, Gilbert M, Bonhoeffer S, Laxminarayan R. Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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