[A long-term follow-up study of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome]

Objective: To investigate the effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) on all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome(OVS) through long-term follow-up. Methods: A total of 187 OVS patients were divided into the NIPPV group(n=92) and the non-NIPPV group(n=95). Of these, 85 males and 7 females were in the NIPPV group with an average age of (66.5±8.5) years(range 47-80 years); 89 males and 6 females were in the non-NIPPV group with an average age of (67.4±7.8) years(range 44-79 years). Follow-up was performed from enrolment with an average duration of 39(20, 51) months. The all-cause mortality was compared between the two groups. Result: There were no significant differences in their baseline clinical characteristics(all P>0.05), indicating that the data from the two groups were comparable. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed no difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups(log rank P=0.229). However, deaths from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were higher in the non-NIPPV than in the NIPPV group(15.8% vs. 6.5%,P=0.045). Age, BMI, neck circumference, PaCO_2, FEV₁, FEV₁%, moderate to severe OSA(AHI>15 events/h), mMRC, CAT, number of acute exacerbations of COPD and number of hospitalizations were associated with all-cause death in OVS patients; among which, age(HR 1.067, 95%CI 1.017-1.119, P=0.008), FEV₁(HR 0.378, 95%CI 0.176-0.811, P=0.013), and number of COPD exacerbations(HR 1.298, 95%CI 1.102-1.530, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in OVS patients. Conclusions: The combination of NIPPV and conventional treatment may reduce cardio-cerebrovascular disease-related mortality in OVS patients. The deceased OVS patients had severe airflow limitation and mild to moderate OSA. Old age, low FEV₁ and COPD exacerbations were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in OVS patients.

[The clinical characteristics of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea with hyperandrogenism]

Objective: To explore the clinical and biochemical discriminants of hyperandrogenism in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). Methods: From January to September 2022, a total of 56 patients with FHA group in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University outpatient clinic were included in this retrospective cross-sectional analysis. According to the clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenism, FHA patients can be divided into two subgroups, namely hyperandrogenic FHA and non-hyperandrogenic FHA. Explore the differences and its significances between hyperandrogenic FHA and non-hyperandrogenic FHA by comparing anthropometry, reproductive hormones, AMH, ultrasonic manifestation, the scores of eating attitude test, depression questionnaire and anxiety scale respectively and analyzing their correlations. Results: The age of 56 FHA patients was 15-32(23.36±4.90) years, and body mass index(BMI) was (18.91±2.49) kg/m². The age of hyperandrogenic FHA and non-hyperandrogenic FHA was (21.76±4.40) and (24.05±5.00) (P=0.109) years old respectively, and BMI was (19.14±3.15 )and (18.81±2.18) kg/m² (P=0.702). Compared to the non-hyperandrogenic FHA, the AMH (6.46 and 3.63 ng/ml, P=0.025) and PRL (278.78 and 149.46 mU/ml, P=0.002) levels were higher in hyperandrogenic FHA group. There was no significant difference between the hyperandrogenic and non-hyperandrogenic FHA group in body composition.GAD-7 (r=0.455, P=0.005) and PHQ-9 (r=0.664, P<0.001) were correlated with EAT-26 scores in non-hyperandrogenic FHA group, but no significant correlation was shown between PHQ-9 (r=0.091, P=0.766)、GAD-7 (r=0.304, P=0.313) and EAT-26 in hyperandrogenic FHA group. Conclusions: Some patients with FHA had clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism and mildly elevated AMH and PRL, with underlying PCOS endocrine characteristics.

Calorie restriction ameliorates hyperglycemia, modulates the disordered gut microbiota, and mitigates metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats

PURPOSE

The effects of calorie restriction (CR) on gut microbiota and the mechanism of CR ameliorating hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM model rats were explored.

METHODS

High-fat diet and STZ injection were applied to induce T2DM model rats. Rats were divided into the following three groups: the control-diet ad libitum group, the T2DM model group fed with ad libitum diet, and the T2DM group fed with 30% restriction diet. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial communities. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured.

RESULTS

Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved by CR, as well as the levels of fasting and random plasma glucose. Besides, CR not only modulated the overall structure of gut microbiota but also had selective enrichment in anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcaceae_9, Allobaculum, Alistipes, and Oscillibacter, and decreased pro-inflammatory pathogenic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Bifidobacterium. Tax4Fun indicated that CR could regulate related functional pathways such as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and the plasma levels of LBP, IL-6, and TNF-α were markedly reduced by CR, suggesting the mechanism of CR ameliorating hyperglycemia may associate with the modulation of disordered gut microbiota and the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation.

CONCLUSION

CR could ameliorate hyperglycemia, the mechanism of which may associate with the alteration of the overall structure of gut microbiota, restoration of disordered microbiota function, and the downregulation of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation in diabetic rats.

EFFECT OF THE C-TERMINUS OF TSHR ON T4 AND TRAB EXPRESSION IN BALB/C MICE

Context

The expression of TSHR-C on the serum tetraiodothyronine (T4) and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels are rarely studied.

Objective

The effect of TSHR-c on T4 and TRAb levels and concomitant thyroid histological changes in mice was investigated.

Design

Animal experimental study.

Subjects and methods

Female BALB/c mice at 6-8 weeks of age were immunized with the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antigen C-terminus (TSHR-C), and randomly divided into control group (treated with the corresponding concentrations of normal saline) and four experimental subgroups: TSHR-c1 subgroup (4 µg), TSHR-c2 subgroup (6 µg), TSHR-c3 subgroup (8 µg) and TSHR-c4 subgroup (10 µg). Serum T4 and TRAb levels were determined.

Results

The serum T4 level decreased significantly in the experimental mice as the concentration increased. All the experimental mice were positive for serum TRAb (experimental groups: 40 positive/40, 100% vs. control group: 3 positive/10, 30%) compared to the control group (P =0.000). HE staining showed that the follicles in the control mice were composed of small to medium-sized round follicles, whereas the follicles in the experimental mice were irregularly enlarged under light microscope.

Conclusions

TSHR-c immunization resulted in thyroid hormone changes like those observed in hypothyroidism, probably due to the induction of TRAb generation.

[Rosuvastatin acts on the lymphatic system to improve atherosclerosis]

Objective: To investigate whether rosuvastatin acts on lymphatic system and influences lymphatic system-mediated reverse cholesterol transport to play an anti-atherosclerosis role. Methods: Forty-eight apolipoprotein E^-/- mice fed a high fat diet were used to construct the atherosclerosis model. They were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 rats in each group. They were treated with rosuvastatin, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and rosuvastatin+VEGF-C inhibitors as experimental group, and no intervention measures were given in control group. After 8 weeks, aortic plaque area, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in lymph fluid, the function of popliteal lymphatic drainage of peripheral Evans blue, and the ability of lymphatic system to transport peripheral cell membrane red fluorescent probes to label high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected. Subsequently, the effects of rosuvastatin on proliferation, migration and tubular function of lymphoendothelial cells and the expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) on lymphoendothelial cells at different concentrations were detected. Results: Compared with the control group, Rosuvastatin and VEGF-C could reduce the area of aortic atherosclerotic plaque (P<0.05). In addition to rosuvastatin plus VEGF-C inhibitor, the intra-aortic plaque area increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, Rosuvastatin could increase the content of HDL-C in lymphatic fluid (P<0.05), enhance the drainage function of lymphatic vessels, and enhance the capacity of HDL in the transport tissue fluid of lymphatic system. Compared with the control group, VEGF-C increased the content of HDL-C in mouse lymph fluid (P<0.01), enhanced the drainage function of popliteal lymphatic canal, and enhanced the ability of lymphatic system to transport HDL. With the addition of VEGF-C inhibitor on the basis of rosuvastatin, the content of HDL-C in lymph fluid was reduced, the drainage of popliteal lymphatic canal was interrupted, and the ability of lymphatic system to transport HDL was reduced. Western blotting showed that rosuvastatin increased the protein expression of SR-B1. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin can promote the proliferation, migration and tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells. At the same time, SR-B1 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells is promoted, thus enhancing the lymphatic system mediated cholesterol reversal transport and playing the role of anti-atherosclerosis.

[Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of live bifidobacterium bacteria preparation combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis]

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of live Bifidobacterium preparations combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and other databases were searched electronically until October 2020. Randomized controlled clinical trials in the treatment of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis with live Bifidobacterium preparations combined with entecavir were included for statistical analysis. The relative risk (RR) was used as the effect size for the count data. Measurement data were expressed as mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) to represent the effect size. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each effect size. The I2 statistic and P-values were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the included literature. The fixed effect model was used for analysis if I (2)≤50%, P > 0.1; otherwise, the random effect model was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 865 patients from nine studies were included. Among them, 434 cases were in the live Bifidobacterium preparation combined with the entecavir treatment group and 431 cases in the entecavir group. The results showed that compared with the entecavir group, the live bifidobacterium preparation combined with the entecavir treatment group had significantly reduced the four indicators of liver fibrosis: serum hyaluronic acid (HA) (SMD = -1.87 ng/ml, 95%CI: -2.32 ~ 1.41, P < 0.01), laminin (LN) (SMD = -1.62 ng/ml, 95%CI: -2.04 ~ 1.19, P < 0.01), type III procollagen peptide (PC-III) (SMD = -0.98, 95%CI: -1.26 ~ 0.7, P < 0.01), type IIIcollagen (III-C) (SMD = -1.14 ng/ml, 95%CI: -1.73 ~ 0.55, P < 0.01), portal vein diameter (SMD = -0.91 mm, 95% CI: -1.27 ~ 0.55, P < 0.01) and spleen thickness (MD = -3.26mm, 95%CI: -3.95 ~ 2.58, P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the negative conversion rate of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) between the two groups of patients. Conclusion: Compared to the entecavir treatment group, the live Bifidobacterium preparation combined with entecavir showed apparent severity improvement and enhanced clinical efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis.

Multifunctional magnesium-organic framework doped biodegradable bone cement for antibacterial growth, inflammatory regulation and osteogenic differentiation

Degradable bone cement has superior osteoconductivity and plasticity and is commonly used to treat defects greater than the critical-size. Magnesium gallate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Mg-MOF), with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, are doped into a composite cement composed of calcium sulfate, calcium citrate, and dicalcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (CS/CC/DCPA). The doping of the Mg-MOF slightly influences the microstructure and curing properties of the composite cement, with the mechanical strength of the cement displaying a significant increase from 27 to 32 MPa. Antibacterial tests reveal that the Mg-MOF bone cement has excellent antibacterial characteristics and can effectively inhibit bacterial growth in 4 h (Staphyloccocus aureus survival rate <10%). Herein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage models are used to investigate the anti-inflammatory characteristics of composite cement. The Mg-MOF bone cement can regulate the inflammatory factors and polarization of macrophages (M1 and M2). In addition, the composite cement promotes cell proliferation and osteo-differentiation of mBMSCs, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and calcium nodules are increased. The bone related transcription factor and specific proteins, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type 1 (COL1), were highly expressed by the Mg-MOF bone cements. Therefore, Mg-MOF doped CS/CC/DCPA bone cement is multifunctional for bone repair, which will promote bone formation and avoid the infection of wounds, and it is suitable for use with non-load-bearing bone defects.

[The advances of allergen component detection in IgE-mediated food allergy]

There are many types in food allergy, and the most common is mediated by IgE. Currently, the diagnosis of food allergy mainly relied on skin prick test and serum specific IgE of allergen extract, which can not identify cross-sensitization. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) can identify the major allergen components and cross-components of food allergens, which plays an important role in dietary guidance, prognosis monitoring and diagnosis of special types of IgE-mediated food allergy. This article enumerates clinical characteristics of the IgE-mediated common food allergies, such as milk, egg and seafood allergy, and special type of food allergy, such as cat pork syndrome, oral allergy syndrome, α-gal syndrome and food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, summarizes the advances of CRD in these types of IgE-mediated food allergy, in order to provide an evidence for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of IgE-mediated food allergy.

A radiomics model development via the associations with genomics features in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer: a study based on a public database and single-centre verification

AIM

To evaluate the predictive performance of the radiomics model in predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis through the associations between radiomics features and genomic features in patients with breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with breast cancer were enrolled retrospectively from a public database (111 patients as training group) and one hospital (15 patients as external validation group). The genomics features from transcriptome data and radiomics features from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were collected. Firstly, overlapping genes were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and differentially expressed gene analysis, while radiomics features were reduced using a data-driven method. Then, the associations between overlapping genes and retained radiomics features were assessed to obtain key pairs of radiomics-genomics features. Furthermore, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to detect the key-pairs features. Finally, radiomics and genomics models were constructed to predict ALN metastasis.

RESULTS

After using the hybrid data- and gene-driven selection method, key pairs of features were detected, which consisted of six radiomic features associated with four genomic features. The radiomics model exhibited comparable performance to the genomics model in predicting ALN metastasis (radiomic model: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.71, sensitivity = 77%, specificity = 56%; genomic model: AUC = 0.72, sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 74%). The four genomic features were enriched in six pathways and related to metabolism and human diseases.

CONCLUSION

The radiomics model established using the gene-driven hybrid selection method could predict ALN metastasis in breast cancer, which showed comparable performance to the genomics model.

Airway Phenotypes and Nocturnal Wearing of Dentures in Elders with Sleep Apnea

The objective of this study was to examine to what extent the anatomic characteristics of the upper airway can influence the effect of nocturnal wearing of dentures on the sleep of edentulous elders with untreated sleep apnea. This study used the data from a randomized crossover clinical trial and an exploratory approach to address its objectives. Cone beam computed tomography scans of 65 edentulous individuals (female, n = 37; male, n = 28; mean ± SD age, 74.54 ± 6.42 y) with untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were used to identify anatomic variables. Polysomnography data were collected by means of one portable overnight recording. The respiratory variable values, including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with and without denture worn during sleep were used to calculate the change. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regressions, cluster analysis, and binary logistic regressions. A receiver operator characteristic curve was used to illustrate the accuracy of the statistical model. The regression model explained 15.8% (R²) of AHI change. An increase in the lateral dimension of the minimum cross-sectional area was associated with a decrease in AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and respiratory arousal index changes (P ≤ 0.041). Furthermore, an increase in the length of the hypopharynx was associated with an increase in AHI and oxygen desaturation index changes (P ≤ 0.027). An increase in the lateral dimension of the minimum cross-sectional area of the upper airway was associated with a decreased likelihood of being in the group having a worsened AHI (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.95; P = 0.006). An increase in the length of the oropharynx was associated with an increased likelihood of having increased AHI (odds ratio = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20; P = 0.026). The nocturnal aggravation of respiratory variables in edentulous individuals with OSA who wear dentures at night can be linked to certain anatomic characteristics of the upper airway. Replication of these findings may open novel avenues for personalized advice regarding nocturnal wearing of dentures in edentulous individuals with OSA (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01868295).

Effect of Collagen-Reactive Functional Monomer on Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives

In this study, we evaluated a novel functional monomer (4-formylphenyl acrylate [FA]) that can specifically and covalently bind to the dentin collagen matrix as a potential alternative hydrophobic diluent-like monomer for improving the durability of dentin bonding. Experimental adhesives with different FA contents (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) were evaluated as partial substituents for the hydrophilic monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, with the commercial adhesive One-Step (Bisco, Inc.) employed as the positive control. Their degree of conversion, viscosity, hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, and water absorption/solubility were measured as the comprehensive characterization. In situ zymographic assays were performed to determine the extent to which FA inhibits the endogenous hydrolytic activity of dentin. Finally, the bonding performances of the novel adhesives were evaluated with microtensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the incorporation of FA significantly improved the mobility of experimental adhesives attributable to the dilution property of FA. In contrast to the possible compromised rate of polymerization by hydroxyethyl methacrylate, FA exhibited typical characteristics of favorable copolymerization with polymerizable monomers in adhesives and improved the degree of conversion of experimental adhesives. The rigidity and hydrophobic properties of the phenyl framework of the FA molecule conferred superior mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance to the novel experimental adhesives. An inhibitory effect on gelatinolytic activities within the hybrid layer was also observed in the in situ zymographic assays, even at a low FA concentration (10%). In conjunction with the significantly improved infiltration found via scanning electron microscopy, the experimental adhesives containing FA possessed significantly better-maintained microtensile strength, even after aging. Thus, the incorporation of this novel monomer endowed the experimental adhesives with multiple enhanced functionalities. These remarkable advantages highlight the suitability of the monomer for further applications in clinical practice.

[Microvascular perfusion and cardiac function after revascularization assessed by myocardial contrast echocardiography in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction]

Objectives: To evaluate microvascular perfusion and left ventricular function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after revascularization using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), and to explore clinical influencing factors of abnormal microvascular perfusion in these patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The analysis was performed among patients admitted to Peking University People's Hospital for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from June 2018 to July 2021. All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and completed MCE within 48 hours after PCI. Patients were divided into normal myocardial perfusion group and abnormal perfusion group according to the myocardial perfusion score. The echocardiographic indexes within 48 hours after PCI, including peak mitral valve flow velocity (E), mean value of early diastolic velocity of left ventricular septum and lateral mitral annulus (Em), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and so on, were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. Results: A total of 123 STEMI patients, aged 59±13 years with 93 (75.6%) males, were enrolled. There were 50 cases in the normal myocardial perfusion group, and 73 cases in the abnormal myocardial perfusion group. The incidence of abnormal myocardial perfusion was 59.3% (73/123). The left ventricular volume index ((62.3±18.4)ml/m² vs. (55.1±15.2)ml/m², P=0.018), wall motion score index (WMSI) (1.59 (1.44, 2.00) vs. 1.24(1.00, 1.47), P<0.001) and mitral E/Em (17.8(12.0, 24.3) vs. 12.2(9.2, 15.7), P<0.001) were significantly higher whereas left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) ((-10.8±3.4)% vs. (-13.8±3.5)%, P<0.001) was significantly lower in the abnormal myocardial perfusion group than those in the normal myocardial perfusion group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left anterior descending (LAD) as culprit vessel (OR=3.733, 95%CI 1.282-10.873, P=0.016), intraoperative no/low-reflow (OR=6.125, 95%CI 1.299-28.872, P=0.022), and peak troponin I (TnI) (OR=1.018, 95%CI 1.008-1.029, P=0.001) were independent risk factors of abnormal myocardial perfusion. As for ultrasonic indexes, deceleration time of mitral E wave (OR=0.979, 95%CI 0.965-0.993, P=0.003), mitral E/Em (OR=1.100, 95%CI 1.014-1.194, P=0.022) and WMSI (OR=7.470, 95%CI 2.630-21.222, P<0.001) were independently related to abnormal myocardial perfusion. Conclusions: The incidence of abnormal myocardial perfusion after PCI is high in patients with acute STEMI. Abnormal myocardial perfusion is related to worse left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. LAD as culprit vessel, intraoperative no/low-reflow and peak TnI are independent risk factors of abnormal myocardial perfusion.

Denosumab salvage therapy in an 11-year-old boy with locally recurrent unresectable giant cell tumor of the lumbar spine after surgery

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone are locally aggressive primary bone tumors with a benign character. Spinal involvement is rare which accounts for approximately 5% of all primary bone tumors and it is quite rare in the lumbar spine. An 11-year-old boy patient presented with pain of low back and bilateral low extremities. Lumbar CT and MRI revealed a lytic lesion of the L4 vertebra corpus. The patient earned remarkable and timely recovery with 2 surgical interventions and the use of denosumab. Surgical resection for GCTs is still preferable as the initial treatment, denosumab should be utilized after tumor resection whether based on the purpose of prevention or treatment of tumor recurrence.

PLGA nanoparticle with Amomum longiligulare polysaccharide 1 increased the immunogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus VP2 protein

1. The purpose of this study was to create ALP1-VP2-PLGA nanoparticle (AVPN) and to study the immunogenicity of AVPN. AVPN was prepared and observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies.2. Chickens were divided into five groups and vaccinated with normal saline, VP2 protein, ALP1 and VP2 protein, AVPN or PLGA, respectively. After 28 days, the immune organ indexes were calculated; specific antibody levels in blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, the spleen and bursa of Fabricius were determined by HE staining, immunological cytokine mRNA levels in bursa of Fabricius were detected by qPCR andchicken body weight was determined.3. The results indicated that AVPN was a spherical nanoparticle with a diameter of about 85 nm. It increased bursal indexes and IBDV-specific antibody levels and promoted the expression of IL-2 mRNA in blood and TNF-α and IgG mRNA in bursa of Fabricius. This promoted growth.4. This study suggested that AVPN can increase immunogenicity of VP2 protein, and it could possibly be used as an IBDV subunit vaccine.

Uniaxial cyclic stretch enhances osteogenic differentiation of OPLL-derived primary cells via YAP-Wnt/β-catenin axis

The pathogenesis of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification (OPLL) remains inadequately understood. Mechanical stimulation is one of the important pathogenic factors in OPLL. As one of the mechanical stimulation transduction signals, the yes-associated protein (YAP) interacts with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of YAP-Wnt/β-catenin axis in cell differentiation induced by mechanical stress. Primary cells extracted from posterior longitudinal ligament tissues from OPLL or non-OPLL patients were subjected to sinusoidal uniaxial cyclic stretch (5 %, 0.5 Hz, 3 d). The expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen I, osterix, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were compared between the static and the experimental groups. In addition, the cytoskeleton was detected using phalloidin staining while YAP phosphorylation states and nuclear location were identified using immunofluorescence. The results showed that mechanical stretching loading increased the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins in the OPLL group, while it had no significant effect on the control group. When OPLL cells were stretched, YAP exhibited an obvious nuclear translocation and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated. Knocking down YAP or β-catenin could weaken the impact upon osteogenic differentiation induced by mechanical stimulation. YAP-mediated mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic differentiation of OPLL cells through Wnt/β-catenin pathway and this progress was independent of the Hippo pathway.