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Wu K, Reynolds NJ. Pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:7-11; discussion 11-4. [PMID: 22212057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu K, O'Keeffe D, Politis M, O'Keeffe G, Bose S, Brooks DJ, Barker R, Piccini P. 123 In vivo evidence of COMT val158met functional polymorphism modulates different levels of dopamine turnover in Parkinson's disease: an 18F-dopa PET study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Krishnan S, Wu K, Smurzynski M, Bosch RJ, Benson CA, Collier AC, Klebert MK, Feinberg J, Koletar SL. Incidence rate of and factors associated with loss to follow-up in a longitudinal cohort of antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected persons: an AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) analysis. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2011; 12:190-200. [PMID: 22044855 DOI: 10.1310/hct1204-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine incidence and factors associated with loss to follow-up (LTFU) in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) cohort. METHOD ALLRT is a prospective cohort of HIV-infected persons randomized to antiretroviral (ARV) regimens/strategies in ACTG trials and followed long-term after the trial ends. Person-years were calculated from ALLRT entry until loss to follow-up (LTFU; defined using off-study reasons or ≥ 3 consecutive missed visits), death/ severe debilitation/site closures, or June 2009 (censored). Poisson regression was used to examine LTFU factors separately among participants who were ARV naïve or ARV experienced at trial entry. RESULTS Among 4,630 participants (22,524 person-years), 1,140 were lost to follow-up, 237 died, 29 were severely debilitated, and 443 were at sites that closed. The LTFU incidence was 5.5 and 4.2 per 100 person-years among previously ARV-naïve and ARV-experienced participants, respectively. In both groups, age ≤ 50, site location, being off ARVs, and viral load ≥ 400 copies/mL were associated with a higher risk of LTFU. Among ARV-naïve participants, male sex, education <16 years, intravenous drug use, and cigarette smoking were also associated with LTFU. CONCLUSION Knowledge of differential LTFU can help researchers identify participants at risk of LTFU in longitudinal HIV cohorts and design retention strategies, thereby limiting study bias. The identified factors should be included in inverse probability of weighting models to account for LTFU.
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Wu H, Liang J, Cheng Y, Huang H, Wu K, Chiang S. Radio- and chemoprotective effects of Zhu-Ling Mushroom (Polyporus umbellatus) in human cultured cells and in mice. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang C, Wu C, Chiang S, Uang S, Wu K. Development of an UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify urinary cotinine and mercapturic acids derived from acrylonitrile for the general public. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cohen EEW, Sharma MR, Janisch L, Llobrera M, House L, Wu K, Ramirez J, Fleming GF, Stadler WM, Ratain MJ. A phase I study of sirolimus and bevacizumab in patients with advanced malignancies. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1484-9. [PMID: 21439817 PMCID: PMC4116678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a single institution, phase I study of sirolimus and bevacizumab, in order to determine the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended phase II doses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had previously treated advanced malignancies and were enrolled in three cohorts. Sirolimus 90 mg PO weekly (45 mg on days 1 and 2) was combined with bevacizumab 7.5mg/kg (cohort #1) or bevacizumab 15 mg/kg (cohort #2) IV q3weeks. Sirolimus 4 mg PO daily was combined with bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV q3weeks (cohort #3). RESULTS Twenty-eight patients enrolled. The most common tumour types were colorectal (21%), head/neck (14%), and renal cell (11%). No DLTs were observed in cohorts #1 (4 patients) and #2 (12 patients), while two DLTs (grade 3 confusion and grade 3 fatigue) were observed in the first six patients in cohort #3 (12 patients). The most common grade 3 toxicities were fatigue (18%), hypertension (14%) and anorexia (11%). There were no responses, but one patient has had stable disease for 78 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The combination of sirolimus and bevacizumab at full doses is tolerable in the majority of patients. The availability and cost of sirolimus compared with other mTOR inhibitors make this an attractive agent to combine with bevacizumab.
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Infante JR, Kurzrock R, Spratlin J, Burris HA, Eckhardt SG, Li J, Wu K, Skolnik JM, Hylander-Gans L, Osmukhina A, Huszar D, Herbst RS. A Phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of AZD4877, an intravenous Eg5 inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:165-72. [PMID: 21638123 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of kinesin spindle protein or Eg5 causes the formation of monoastral mitotic spindles, which leads to cell death. AZD4877 is a specific, potent inhibitor of Eg5. METHODS This was a Phase I, open-label, two-part study to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety and tolerability of AZD4877 in patients with advanced solid malignancies. In part A, the MTD of AZD4877, administered as three weekly 1-h intravenous (iv) infusions in a 28-day schedule, was determined by evaluating dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). In part B, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of AZD4877 at the MTD were evaluated. RESULTS In part A, 29 patients received at least one dose of AZD4877 (5 mg, n = 4; 7.5 mg, n = 4; 10 mg, n = 3; 15 mg, n = 3; 20 mg, n = 3; 30 mg, n = 6; 36 mg, n = 3; 45 mg, n = 3). The MTD was defined as 30 mg, with the primary DLT being neutropenia. Although exposures appeared to be similar at the AZD4877 20 and 30 mg doses, dose reductions and omissions were higher in the 30-mg cohort; therefore, an intermediate dose, 25 mg, was evaluated in part B (n = 14). In part B, neutropenia remained the most commonly reported causally related adverse event. Exposure to AZD4877 was approximately dose proportional. Severity of neutropenia was related to exposure. CONCLUSION The MTD of AZD4877 given as a 1-h iv infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle was 30 mg. At the selected 25 mg dose, AZD4877 had an acceptable safety profile.
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Wu K, Hocking P. Turkeys are equally susceptible to foot pad dermatitis from 1 to 10 weeks of age and foot pad scores were minimized when litter moisture was less than 30%. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1170-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kantarjian HM, Padmanabhan S, Stock W, Tallman MS, Curt GA, Li J, Osmukhina A, Wu K, Huszar D, Borthukar G, Faderl S, Garcia-Manero G, Kadia T, Sankhala K, Odenike O, Altman JK, Minden M. Phase I/II multicenter study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZD4877 in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1107-15. [PMID: 21494838 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eg5 (kinesin spindle protein) is a microtubule motor protein, essential for centrosome separation during mitosis. This Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter, two-part study investigated AZD4877, a potent Eg5 inhibitor, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) (part A), assess efficacy (part B) and determine the pharmacokinetic profile (parts A and B). Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and tolerability. AZD4877 was administered at a range of doses (2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 18 mg/day) as a 1-hour intravenous infusion on three consecutive days of a continuous 2-week schedule. The MTD in part A was defined as 16 mg/day based on dose-limiting stomatitis at 16 and 18 mg/day, hyperbilirubinemia at 16 mg/day and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome at 18 mg/day. Systemic exposure to AZD4877 generally increased with increasing dose whereas half-life was not dose dependent. No evaluable patients experienced a complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), demonstrating no evidence of AZD4877 efficacy in this population. Evidence of monoasters in all but the 4 mg/day dose group provided proof of mechanism for AZD4877. This study was terminated due to lack of efficacy. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00486265).
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Liao Q, Zhang HJ, Wu K, Li HY, Bao SN, He P. Nucleation and growth of monodispersed cobalt nanoclusters on graphene moiré on Ru(0001). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:125303. [PMID: 21317487 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/12/125303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Monodispersed Co nanoclusters have been grown on a graphene moiré on Ru(0001) at room temperature. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements showed that the Co clusters nucleate at both the fcc and hcp regions. Co forms finely dispersed small three-dimensional (3D) clusters on graphene/Ru(0001), and a defined long-range ordering of Co nanoclusters with increasing coverage is not observed. The size distribution of the clusters is narrow and the size of the clusters is tunable. The absorbed Co begins to intercalate between the graphene layer and the Ru(0001) substrate when annealing the sample at temperatures up to about 473 K.
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Kramer S, Wu K, Kordás G. Preparation of thin Film YBa2CU3O6+X Ceramic Superconductors by the Sol-Gel Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-99-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTHigh Tc superconducting powders and thin films on silicon have been fabricated by the sol-gel process. Both powder and film preparation involved the synthesis of metal alkoxides, followed by the complexation of yttrium, barium, and copper alkoxides in a common solvent. Bulk gels were then vacuum dried and fired at 700 and 950 °C in flowing oxygen. Thin films on (100) silicon were fired at 700 °C in flowing oxygen. Susceptibility vs temperature measurements showed that the thin films on silicon had a Tc of 40 K while the bulk gels fired under the same conditions had a Tc of 75 K. The sample fired at 950 °C was superconducting at 90 K.
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Chelikowsky JR, ÖĞüt S, Jingc X, Wu K, Stathopoulos A, Saad Y. Atomic and Electronic Structure of Germanium Clusters at Finite Temperature Using Finite Difference Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-408-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDetermining the electronic and structural properties of semiconductor clusters is one of the outstanding problems in materials science. The existence of numerous structures with nearly identical energies makes it very difficult to determine a realistic ground state structure. Moreover, even if an effective procedure can be devised to predict the ground state structure, questions can arise about the relevancy of the structure at finite temperatures. Kinetic effects and non-equilibrium structures may dominate the structural configurations present in clusters created under laboratory conditions. We illustrate theoretical techniques for predicting the structure and electronic properties of small germanium clusters. Spefically, we illustate that the detailed agreement between theoretical and experimental features can be exploited to identify the relevant isomers present under experimental conditions.
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Zhang W, Wu K, He W, Gao Y, Huang W, Lin X, Cai L, Fang Z, Zhou Q, Luo Z, Chen ZK, Zhou H. Transforming growth factor beta 1 plays an important role in inducing CD4(+)CD25(+)forhead box P3(+) regulatory T cells by mast cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 161:490-6. [PMID: 20550544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells (MCs) in the generation of adaptive immune responses especially in the transplant immune responses is far from being resolved. It is reported that mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T cell (T(reg)) transplant tolerance, but the mechanism has not been clarified. To investigate whether bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) can induce T(regs) by expressing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in vitro, bone marrow cells obtained from C57BL/6 (H-2(b) ) mice were cultured with interleukin (IL)-3 (10 ng/ml) and stem cell factor (SCF) (10 ng/ml) for 4 weeks. The purity of BMMCs was measured by flow cytometry. The BMMCs were then co-cultured with C57BL/6 T cells at ratios of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1. Anti-CD3, anti-CD28 and IL-2 were administered into the co-culture system with (experiment groups) or without (control groups) TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)(+) T(regs) in the co-cultured system were analysed by flow cytometry on day 5. The T(reg) percentages were significantly higher in all the experiment groups compared to the control groups. These changes were deduced by applying TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody into the co-culture system. Our results indicated that the CD4(+) T cells can be induced into CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells by BMMCs via TGF-β1.
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Scheiffele P, Iijima T, Witte H, Wu K, Boukhtouche F, Kalinovsky A. [PL3]: Molecular mechanisms of synaptic differentiation and selective synapse assembly. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Wu K, Husain A, Barry R. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by a topical agent: 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) gas. Br J Dermatol 2010; 164:227-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Politis M, Wu K, Loane C, Turkheimer FE, Molloy S, Brooks DJ, Piccini P. Depressive symptoms in PD correlate with higher 5-HTT binding in raphe and limbic structures. Neurology 2010; 75:1920-7. [PMID: 21098407 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181feb2ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression associated with Parkinson disease (PD) has a different symptom profile to endogenous depression. The etiology of depression in PD remains uncertain though abnormal serotonergic neurotransmission could play a role. OBJECTIVE To assess with PET serotonergic function via in vivo serotonin transporter (5-HTT) availability in antidepressant-naive patients with PD. METHODS Thirty-four patients with PD and 10 healthy matched control subjects had a clinical battery of tests including the patient-report Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the clinician-report Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). They underwent ¹¹C-DASB PET, a selective in vivo marker of 5-HTT binding in humans. RESULTS BDI-II scores correlated with HRSD scores. Ten of 34 patients with PD (29.4%) had BDI-II and HRSD scores above the discriminative cutoff for PD depression though only half of these patients could be classed on SCID-I criteria as having an anxiety/mood disorder. Patients with PD with the highest scores for depression symptoms showed significantly raised ¹¹C-DASB binding in amygdala, hypothalamus, caudal raphe nuclei, and posterior cingulate cortex compared to low score cases, while ¹¹C-DASB binding values in other regions were similarly decreased in depressed and nondepressed patients with PD compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms in antidepressant-naive patients with PD correlate with relatively higher 5-HTT binding in raphe nuclei and limbic structures possibly reflecting lower extracellular serotonin levels. Our data are compatible with a key role of abnormal serotonergic neurotransmission contributing to the pathophysiology of PD depression and justify the use of agents acting on 5-HTT.
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Palakurthi S, Grondine S, Gingles N, Rong X, Lawson D, Hall P, Cao Y, Wu K, Reimer C. 139 Inhibition of osteolysis by CSF-1R antagonist in MM.1S orthotopic multiple myeloma model. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wu K, O'Sullian S, Politis M, Bose S, Lees A, Piccini P. PAW21 Rewarding visual cues increase dopamine neurotransmission in Parkinson's patients with impulse control disorders: a PET study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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220
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Wu WKK, Lee CW, Cho CH, Fan D, Wu K, Yu J, Sung JJY. MicroRNA dysregulation in gastric cancer: a new player enters the game. Oncogene 2010; 29:5761-71. [PMID: 20802530 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alteration of protein-coding proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Recent discoveries have shed new light on the involvement of a class of noncoding RNA known as microRNA (miRNA) in gastric cancer. A substantial number of miRNAs show differential expression in gastric cancer tissues. Genes coding for these miRNAs have been characterized as novel proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes based on findings that these miRNAs control malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. In this connection, miRNA dysregulation promotes cell-cycle progression, confers resistance to apoptosis, and enhances invasiveness and metastasis. Moreover, certain polymorphisms in miRNA genes are associated with increased risks for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer, whereas circulating levels of miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Several miRNAs have also been shown to correlate with gastric cancer progression, and thus may be used as prognostic markers. Elucidating the biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation may help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of miRNA-directed therapeutics against this deadly disease.
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Han Z, Li C, Han S, Han Y, Qiu J, Shi Y, Wang J, Sun A, Ding J, Wu K, Fan D. Meta-analysis: polymorphisms in TNF-alpha gene promoter and Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:159-70. [PMID: 20456305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, results on the association between the polymorphisms in TNF-alpha promoter and the risk of CD are inconsistent. AIM To perform a quantitative synthesis for the genetic polymorphisms in TNF-alpha promoter and CD risk. METHODS Databases were searched (up to 2009) and 31 studies were included. Risks of CD associated with the polymorphisms in TNF-alpha promoter were assessed. RESULTS Overall, individuals with -1031 TC+CC genotype had a slightly increased risk to develop CD compared with individuals with -1031 TT genotype (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.70). In the further stratified analysis, we found Asians with the -1031T>C, -863 C>A and -857 C>T variant polymorphisms have almost one and a half CD risk compared with other genotypes (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.16-2.15; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18-2.02; OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19-1.99 respectively). We did not find -308 G>A variant associated with CD location and disease behaviours in stratified analysis. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha polymorphisms in the promoter region might be used as a biomarker for CD risk prediction. Larger studies with mixed ethnicity subjects and stratified by clinical and sub clinical characteristics are needed to validate our findings.
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Politis M, Wu K, Loane C, Quinn NP, Brooks DJ, Rehncrona S, Bjorklund A, Lindvall O, Piccini P. Serotonergic Neurons Mediate Dyskinesia Side Effects in Parkinson's Patients with Neural Transplants. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:38ra46. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wu K, Turk TR, Rauen U, Su S, Feldkamp T, de Groot H, Wiswedel I, Baba HA, Kribben A, Witzke O. Prolonged cold storage using a new histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate-based preservation solution in isogeneic cardiac mouse grafts. Eur Heart J 2010; 32:509-16. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nallari AS, Karrison T, Rosner GL, Levine MR, Sit L, Wu K, Stadler WM, Ratain MJ, Cohen EE, Maitland ML. Fasting glucose and triglycerides as biomarkers of mTOR inhibition, evidence of a categorical response. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Innocenti F, Karrison T, Ramirez J, Janisch LA, Zhang W, Wu K, Ratain MJ. Effect of coadministration of statins on neutropenia in a phase I genotype-directed dose-escalation study of irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lu Y, Wu K, Jiang Y, Xia B, Li P, Feng H, Wyckhuys KAG, Guo Y. Mirid Bug Outbreaks in Multiple Crops Correlated with Wide-Scale Adoption of Bt Cotton in China. Science 2010; 328:1151-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1187881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wu K, Politis M, Piccini P. Parkinson disease and impulse control disorders: a review of clinical features, pathophysiology and management. Postgrad Med J 2010; 85:590-6. [PMID: 19892894 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2008.075820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions involving repetitive, excessive and compulsive activities that interfere with life functioning. Examples are pathological gambling, compulsive shopping and hypersexuality. Over the last decade, ICDs have become increasingly recognised as being associated with Parkinson disease (PD), with the literature highlighting a link between dopamine replacement therapy and the development of ICDs. Patients who develop ICDs in the context of compulsive anti-Parkinsonian drug use are described as having dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), which is associated with repetitive complex stereotyped behaviours called punding. Case-control and observational studies have further noted that patients with PD who develop ICDs are more likely to have younger-onset PD, a history of alcohol dependence, novelty-seeking personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities. The pathophysiology of underlying mechanisms is not fully understood, but recent evidence suggests that dopaminergic drugs, particularly dopamine agonists, coupled with changes in reward pathways involving the ventral striatal and related circuitry, may play a role. Neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography and functional MRI have provided valuable information in this area: patients with DDS have been found to show enhanced dopamine release in the ventral striatum, suggesting functional abnormalities in the mesolimbic networks. Management of ICDs in patients with PD can be challenging, as they may not be aware of a change in their behaviour or may conceal their symptoms to avoid embarrassment. Currently, there is no clear evidence of an optimal treatment. Management is based on a careful balance of dopaminergic drugs with control of the aberrant behaviour, supported by psychological interventions. This review aims to summarise the current literature on ICDs, their phenomenology, epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology and management.
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Li Y, Wu K, Zhitomirsky I. Electrodeposition of composite zinc oxide–chitosan films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang Z, Wu Q, Wu K, Fan D. Meta-analysis: pre-operative infliximab treatment and short-term post-operative complications in patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:486-92. [PMID: 19925496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab was approved for use in ulcerative colitis in recent years. It has been debated if infliximab increases the risk of post-operative complications in patients with ulcerative colitis. AIM To perform a meta-analysis that examines the relationship between preoperative infliximab treatment and short-term post-operative complications in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify observational studies on the impact of pre-operative infliximab use on short-term post-operative complications in ulcerative colitis. Infectious complications mainly included wound infection, sepsis and abscess, whereas non-infectious complications included intestinal obstruction, thromboembolism and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each relationship. RESULTS A total of 5 studies and 706 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, we did not find a strong association between pre-operative treatment of infliximab and short-term infectious [OR 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-7.95] or non-infectious (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.50-1.45) post-operative complications in ulcerative colitis patients. On the contrary, we discovered that pre-operative infliximab use increased short-term total post-operative complications (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.12-2.87). CONCLUSIONS Pre-operative infliximab use increased the risk of short-term post-operative complications. Subgroup analysis is underpowered to assess the nature of these complications but shows a trend towards increased post-operative infection.
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Ng K, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Wu K, Chan AT, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Fuchs CS. Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:916-23. [PMID: 19690551 PMCID: PMC2743349 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an earlier study, a 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D) score calculated from known predictors of vitamin D status significantly predicted plasma levels of 25(OH)D and the risk of colorectal cancer, but the influence of the 25(OH)D score on survival after diagnosis is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively examined the influence of post-diagnosis predicted 25(OH)D levels on mortality among 1017 participants in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer from 1986 to 2004. Colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality according to quintiles of predicted 25(OH)D levels were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for other risk factors of survival. RESULTS Higher predicted 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significant reduction in colorectal cancer-specific (P trend=0.02) and overall mortality (P trend=0.002). Compared with levels in the lowest quintile, participants with predicted 25(OH)D levels in the highest quintile had an adjusted HR of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.26-0.95) for cancer-specific mortality and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.42-0.93) for overall mortality. CONCLUSION Higher predicted 25(OH)D levels after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer may be associated with improved survival. Further study of the vitamin D pathway in colorectal cancer is warranted.
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Hong L, Chen Z, Zhou X, Han Z, Zhang X, Wu K, Fan D. Acupuncture may cause hepatotoxicity in patients in climacteric. Climacteric 2009; 11:345-6. [DOI: 10.1080/13697130802141511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jackson D, White I, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Folsom AR, Wu K, Chambless L, Benderly M, Goldbourt U, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Haverkate F, de Maat MPM, Thompson SG, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Salomaa V, Harald K, Rasi V, Vahtera E, Jousilahti P, D'Agostino R, Kannel WB, Wilson PWF, Tofler G, Levy D, Marchioli R, Valagussa F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Cremer P, Nagel D, Curb JD, Rodriguez B, Yano K, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Hedblad B, Engström G, Berglund G, Loewel H, Koenig W, Hense HW, Meade TW, Cooper JA, De Stavola B, Knottenbelt C, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Iso H, Salomaa V, Harald K, Rasi V, Vahtera E, Jousilahti P, Palosuo T, Ducimetiere P, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans AE, Ferrieres J, Juhan-Vague I, Bingham A, Schulte H, Assmann G, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Despres JP, Dagenais GR, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Lowe GDO, Woodward M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Palmieri V, Yeh JL, Meade TW, Rudnicka A, Brennan P, Knottenbelt C, Cooper JA, Ridker P, Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Shepherd J, Lowe GDO, Ford I, Robertson M, Brunner E, Shipley M, Feskens EJM, Di Angelantonio E, Kaptoge S, Lewington S, Lowe GDO, Sarwar N, Thompson SG, Walker M, Watson S, White IR, Wood AM, Danesh J. Systematically missing confounders in individual participant data meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Stat Med 2009; 28:1218-37. [PMID: 19222087 PMCID: PMC2922684 DOI: 10.1002/sim.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
One difficulty in performing meta-analyses of observational cohort studies is that the availability of confounders may vary between cohorts, so that some cohorts provide fully adjusted analyses while others only provide partially adjusted analyses. Commonly, analyses of the association between an exposure and disease either are restricted to cohorts with full confounder information, or use all cohorts but do not fully adjust for confounding. We propose using a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis model to use information from all available cohorts while still adjusting for all the potential confounders. Our method uses both the fully adjusted and the partially adjusted estimated effects in the cohorts with full confounder information, together with an estimate of their within-cohort correlation. The method is applied to estimate the association between fibrinogen level and coronary heart disease incidence using data from 154 012 participants in 31 cohorts.† Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Borthakur G, Faderl S, Ravandi F, Padmanabhan S, Stock W, Wu K, Li J, Curt G, Tallman M, Minden M. Clinical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic findings from a phase I trial of an Eg5 inhibitor (AZD4877) in patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3580 Background: AZD4877 is a potent, specific inhibitor of Eg5 (kinesin spindle protein). The only known function of Eg5 is to separate the centromeres during mitosis. Eg5 inhibition is thus specific for dividing cells, resulting in monoastral mitotic spindles (monoasters) and apoptotic cell death. Preclinically, hematologic tumor cell lines were generally more sensitive to AZD4877 than those derived from solid tumors. Methods: AZD4877 was administered IV daily x 3 as induction for up to 2 cycles, followed by consolidation (daily x 2) for up to 4 cycles. Eligibility criteria were standard. Results: Cohorts of 3–6 patients (pts) were treated at doses of 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 18 mg/day. To date, 24 evaluable pts have received 33 induction and 3 consolidation cycles of treatment. Monoasters were detected at all dose levels evaluated (2, 7, 10, 13, and 18 mg/day). The T1/2 of AZD4877 ranged from 26 to 42 hr; PK were linear and drug levels non-cumulative. Myelosuppression, the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in solid tumor studies, was not considered a DLT in this trial. Mucositis was the DLT at 18 mg/day; with 1 pt developing Gr 3 palmar-plantar syndrome at this dose. Bone marrow biopsies were undertaken at screening and as clinically indicated. In pts with evaluable biopsies, marrow blasts decreased by 60–80% in 2 pts, and by 30–50% in 3 pts, with no response in 3 pts. Conclusions: Enrollment is ongoing at 16 mg, the likely Phase 2 dose. Preliminary results suggest possible clinical activity in AML. An expansion phase at the MTD is planned. [Table: see text]
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Wu K, Conly J, McClure JA, Elsayed S, Louie T, Zhang K. Caenorhabditis elegans as a host model for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:245-54. [PMID: 19456837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has recently been developed as a host model for the study of Staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis. Here, the toxicity and virulence of representative clinical isolates of our methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) epidemic strains were studied using this model. The strains USA300 (associated with community infection outbreaks), USA400 (associated with sporadic community infections) and CMRSA2 (associated with both hospital and community infections), as well as the nematocidal reference strain NCTC8325, showed high nematocidal activity, both by killing the majority of the nematodes (> 90%) over 9 days, and by inhibiting second-generation nematode growth. By contrast, the typical hospital-associated MRSA strain CMRSA6, the colonization strain M92, and the non-pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis control strain ATCC12228 were non-toxic to the nematode, which behaved normally. The absence of nematocidal activity does not reflect lack of growth or reduced growth of the bacterial inoculum. The two non-nematocidal strains share similar genomic backgrounds, bacterial growth curve patterns and virulence gene profiles. However, the nematocidal strains each showed the same low maximum density growth curve patterns, but possessed distinct genetic profiles; no common virulence gene patterns or specific genes have been elucidated. Our findings demonstrate that community-associated MRSA strains are more pathogenic than hospital-associated MRSA in the C. elegans model and support the use of this model for studying the virulence of S. aureus strains.
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Wang X, Bai X, Wu K, Liu Q. The evaluation of the management of haemangioma and vascular malformation in oral and maxillofacial region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Majumdar S, Wu K, Bateman ND, Ray J. Diagnosis and management of otalgia in children. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2009; 94:33-6. [PMID: 19304897 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2007.117994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Welling T, Wu K, Kryczek I, Zou W. QS157. Antigen Presenting Cell B7-H1 and T Cell PD-1 are Increased in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evidence for Increased Immune Regulation. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu K, Xiang F, Yuan J, Zeng Z, Zhou H, Chang S, Chen Z. A Combination of Donor Specific Transfusion and Rapamycin Prolonges Cardiac Allograft Survival in Mice. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:3699-701. [PMID: 19100468 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Strauss D, Olson C, Wagner G, Wu K, Arheden H. ST-segment “injury current” vector compared to 12-lead electrocardiographic indices to estimate myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography measures of ischemia during coronary angioplasty. J Electrocardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2008.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han Y, Yan L, Han G, Zhou X, Hong L, Yin Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang J, Sun A, Liu Z, Xie H, Wu K, Ding J, Fan D. Controlled trials in hepatitis B virus-related decompensate liver cirrhosis: peripheral blood monocyte transplant versus granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor mobilization therapy. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:390-6. [PMID: 18574771 DOI: 10.1080/14653240802129901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis represents the end stage of chronic liver injury. Currently, liver transplantation provides the only definite cure but it is beset with many problems, including lack of donors and risk of rejection. Stem cell therapy is very attractive in this setting because it has the potential to help tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of peripheral blood monocyte cell (PBMC) transplantation in decompensated liver cirrhosis. METHODS A total of 40 subjects (31 men and nine females, age range 21-71 years) was recruited to two groups. Group 1 received granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization, PBMC collection by leukapheresis and PBMC transplant therapy. Group 2 received G-CSF mobilization for 4 days. At baseline and 6 months after treatment, liver function of the two groups was monitored by blood examination and ultrasonagraphy. RESULTS Both groups gained significant improvement in liver synthetic function, such as serum albumin and prothrombin time, from baseline to 6 months after treatment (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in both groups (P>0.05). Compared with group 2, a significantly improved liver function was observed in group 1, including elevated serum albumin level and a decreased CTP score (P<0.05). No major adverse effects were noted. DISCUSSION Autologous PBMC transplantation could be considered as a novel and alternative treatment for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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Wu K, Ung Y, Hwang D, Tsao M, Darling G, Maziak D, Tirona R, Mah K, Wong C. Autocontouring and Manual Contouring: What is the Best Method for Target Delineation using PET CT in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ott SM, LaCroix AZ, Scholes D, Ichikawa LE, Wu K. Effects of three years of low-dose thiazides on mineral metabolism in healthy elderly persons. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:1315-22. [PMID: 18425402 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this clinical trial of 12.5 or 25 mg/day of hydrochlorothiazide, the urine calcium showed significant decreases from placebo in men at one year, but the effects had waned by 3 years. Serum bicarbonate was consistently greater in the thiazide than in the placebo groups throughout the three years. These effects could be beneficial to the skeleton. INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown increased bone density and reduced risk of fracture in patients taking thiazide diuretics. The long-term effects of low-dose thiazides on mineral metabolism have not been reported in normal subjects. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blinded trial in normals aged 60-79 years, using hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 or 25 mg/d or placebo for three years. Subjects were encouraged to maintain calcium intake of 1,000 to 1,500 mg/day. Measurements of serum and urine calcium metabolism were done at baseline, six months, and yearly. Data were analyzed in 88 men and 177 women who had taken study medication. Adjusted change in the measurements from baseline to one and three years were compared among groups. RESULTS The calcium intake increased in all groups. Urine calcium per day was significantly lower in thiazide than placebo groups in men at one year but not at three years; in women the changes were not significantly different. Serum bicarbonate was higher in thiazide compared to placebo groups at one and three years. No changes were seen in serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, sodium or magnesium. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both increased calcium availability from a hypocalciuric effect and reduction in acid-induced bone buffering could be mechanisms for the beneficial skeletal effects.
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Yang YF, Li H, Xu XQ, Diao YT, Fang XQ, Wang Y, Zhao DL, Wu K, Li HQ. An expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 in peripheral blood within the different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:395-401. [PMID: 19125792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The malignant transformation of esophageal mucosa is a progressive process, which includes basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The objectives of this study were to prove the relationship of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 (SCCA2) mRNA expression in peripheral blood with non-malignant lesion, premalignant lesion, and carcinoma of the esophagus at the same assay, as well as to evaluate whether or not SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be a biomarker for monitoring the premalignant lesion of the disease. The subjects consisted of 50 patients with basal cell hyperplasia, 50 patients with dysplasia, 50 patients with ESCC (12 carcinoma in situ, 38 carcinoma in invasive stage), and 50 controls who were pathologically diagnosed to be normal and whose esophageal mucosa were stained brown by iodine. All the subjects are residents of Feicheng, China, which is considered an area with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. All subjects were diagnosed by two separate histopathologists, and the expression of SCCA2 mRNA in peripheral blood was detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, SCCA2 concentration in the serum was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the cancer group, SCCA2 mRNA expression was also detected in 20 tissues of esophageal cancer. By using the band intensity ratios of SCCA2 to beta-actin, with a positive cut-off value of > or = 0.4, the positive rates of the SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were found to be 82% (41/50), 60% (30/50), 48% (24/50), and 36% (18/50) in the cancer, dysplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, and control groups, respectively. The positive rate of the cancer group was significantly different from the three other groups (P < 0.05), and there was also a significant difference in the SCCA2 mRNA expression between the dysplasia group and the control group (chi(2)=5.769, P= 0.016). In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.73-3.99] in the basal cell hyperplasia group, 2.77 (95% CI, 1.14-6.71) in the dysplasia group, and 7.87 (95% CI, 2.88-21.55) in the cancer group after being adjusted for age, gender, smoking index, drinking index, and family history of esophageal cancer. The SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was then divided into different grades according to the band intensity ratios of SCCA2 to beta-actin. By using a positive cut-off value of > or = 0.4, the testing sensitivities in the basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, and cancer groups were found to be 48%, 60%, and 82%, respectively, with the same testing specificity at 64%. On the other hand, SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood had a 97.5% agreement with that in tissue, and there was a significant correlation between the ELISA SCCA2 levels in the serum and the SCCA2 mRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood (r= 0.80, P= 0.01). The results indicate that SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood is linked with the different stages of esophageal pathological changes, despite the fact that SCCA2 mRNA was not a biomarker for screening early esophageal cancer. This knowledge may be useful in monitoring the processes of change that occur in esophageal premalignant lesions among subjects who live in a high-incidence area.
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Loit E, Wu K, Cheng X, Hincke MT, Altosaar I. Functional whole-colony screening method to identify antimicrobial peptides. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:425-31. [PMID: 18708097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A high throughput method for screening cDNA libraries has been developed to identify putative antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). It is based on a rapid dye inclusion assay for assessing antagonism of bacterial viability. Colonies are grown on a membrane on a permissive medium until full colony size is reached. The membrane, supporting the array of colonies, is transferred onto an inductive medium containing a vital dye. Upon expression of any antagonizing peptides, the cell membrane becomes compromised allowing dye infusion to permit visual identification of deleterious peptides. Our approach was validated by screening a synthetic oligonucleotide library expressed in Escherichia coli. A random oligonucleotide library, containing inserts of up to 75 nucleotides in length was constructed and expressed in E. coli. From a potential pool of 100000 peptides, in a single round of screening, three were found to be antimicrobial: L1, L3, and L8. Peptide L1 was shown to have a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect against Gram-negative E. coli and moderate biostatic activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. L8 was found to have bacteriostatic, and possibly bactericidal effect against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. These results validated this high throughput AMP identification assay based on filter bound colony array libraries and vital dye inclusion.
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Infante JR, Spratlin JL, Kurzrock R, Eckhardt SG, Burris HA, Puchalski TA, Li J, Wu K, Ochs J, Herbst RS. Clinical, pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic findings in a phase I trial of weekly (wkly) intravenous AZD4877 in patients with refractory solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stephenson JJ, Lewis N, Martin JC, Ho A, Li J, Wu K, Pace L, Eder JP, Schwartz GK. Phase I multicenter study to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of AZD4877 administered twice weekly in adult patients with advanced solid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Liu L, Ning X, Han S, Zhang H, Sun L, Shi Y, Sun S, Guo C, Yin F, Qiao T, Wu K, Fan D. [Hypoxia induced HIF-1 accumulation and VEGF expression in gastric epithelial mucosa cell: involvement of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2008; 42:459-469. [PMID: 18702304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common environmental stress that influences signaling pathways and cells function, which through initiating intracellular signaling pathways and hence leading to the activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). In this study, we initially confirm that hypoxia activates HIF-1alpha protein expression in a time-dependent manner with a maximum reached at 60 min in vitro and 4h in vivo in gastric mucosa epithelial cells. The expression of HIF-1alpha is correlated with the activation of HIF-1 DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Hypoxia dose not affect HIF-1alpha mRNA transcription but regulates HIF-1alpha protein expression through a translation-dependent pathway to regulate protein synthesis. Hypoxia could induce phosphorylation of Akt, MAPK (ERK), and target of p70S6K1. PI3K and MAPK inhibitor, LY294002 and U0126 could inhibit hypoxia-induced HIF-1 and VEGF expression. We also investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in HIF-1 and VEGF expression Exogenous addition of H2O2 was sufficient to activate Akt and ERK, scavengers of H2O2 significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced Akt and ERK, and subsequent HIF-lax expression and transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our data suggested that hypoxia- PI3K signaling through Akt and ERK kinases regulated ROS-dependent, hypoxia- induced HIF-1 activation and VEGF expression in gastric mucosa epithelial cells.
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Hou SY, Zhang L, Wu K, Xia L. Thioglycolic acid inhibits mouse oocyte maturation and affects chromosomal arrangement and spindle configuration. Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24:227-34. [PMID: 19022875 DOI: 10.1177/0748233708095862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that thioglycolic acid (TGA) leads to potential reproductive toxicology. To clarify the exact effects of this compound on reproduction, mice oocytes were treated with different TGA doses. At the end of the culture period, the nuclear status of mice oocytes was assessed under an inverted microscope. After immunofluorescence staining, the chromosomal arrangement and spindle configuration of oocytes were evaluated. The results indicated that TGA decreases the percentage of first polar body formation but does not influence that of germinal vesicle breakdown. TGA induces abnormal chromosomal arrangement and spindle elongation. In conclusion, TGA inhibits in-vitro maturation of mice oocytes and affects chromosomal arrangement and spindle configuration. Furthermore, it probably interferes with biochemical changes that occur during meiosis, resulting in aberrant development.
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Han Z, Hong L, Han Y, Wu K, Han S, Shen H, Li C, Yao L, Qiao T, Fan D. Phospho Akt mediates multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells through regulation of P-gp, Bcl-2 and Bax. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2007; 26:261-8. [PMID: 17725107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is an important intracellular pathway that is frequently activated in cancer cells. The role of P-AKT in multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms are here investigated. Up-regulation of P-AKT expression could confer resistance to both P-glycoprotein-related and P-glycoprotein-non-related drugs on AGS cells, and suppress adriamycin-induced apoptosis, along with decreased accumulation and increased releasing amount of adriamycin. P-AKT could significantly up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, and down-regulate the expression of Bax, but not alter the expression of PTEN in gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of P-AKT expression could partially reverse P-AKT-mediated multidrug resistance and significantly up-regulate P53 expression, and down-regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein and the transcription of the multidrug resistance gene 1. Further studies of the biological functions of P-AKT may be helpful for understanding the mechanisms of multidrug resistance of gastric cancer and developing possible therapeutical strategies.
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Colonne M, Chen Y, Wu K, Freiberg S, Giasson S, Zhu XX. Binding of Streptavidin with Biotinylated Thermosensitive Nanospheres Based on Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:999-1003. [PMID: 17429939 DOI: 10.1021/bc060302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermosensitive polymer nanospheres based on N,N-diethylacrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) have been prepared, characterized, and conjugated with biotin. The thermosensitivity of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) was enhanced by the incorporation of HEMA up to about 40 mol %. Atomic force microscopic images show that these particles can be closely packed even without the surface charges as in the latex particles. Biotinylation reduces the thermosensitivity of the copolymer nanospheres. The biotinylated hydrogel nanospheres showed a reduction in size upon binding with streptavidin, indicating the formation of a less hydrophilic conjugate. No aggregation of the biotinylated particles due to the cross-linking effect of streptavidin was observed. This size change could be reversed by the addition of free biotin to the system. The interaction is specific, and no such changes were observed when streptavidin was replaced by bovine serum albumin.
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