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Abstract
The metabolism of estradiol in girls with anorexia nervosa was compared with obese subjects and normal weight, age and sex matched controls. Increasing body weight was accompanied by a sharp decrease in 2-hydroxylation of estradiol and an increase in 16alpha-hydroxylation. These metabolic changes are discussed in terms of the biological activity of 2-hydroxyestrone and estriol.
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102
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Weitzman ED, Henkind P, Leitman M, Hellman L. Correlative 24-hour relationships between intraocular pressure and plasma cortisol in normal subjects and patients with glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1975; 59:566-72. [PMID: 1191614 PMCID: PMC1017410 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.59.10.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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103
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Boyar RM, Finkelstein JW, Kapen S, Hellman L. Twenty-four hour prolactin (PRL) secretory patterns during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:1117-20. [PMID: 1133160 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-6-1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine if the central nervous system "program" controlling PRL secretion is operative during pregnancy, three pregnant women (12th, 20th and 32nd week of gestation) had 24-hour, 20-minute interval plasma sampling and polygraphic monitoring of nocturnal sleep. All three subjects showed episodic PRL secretion during waking which became augmented during nocturnal sleep. Since the number of "major" PRL secretory episodes was similar to normals, the increased PRL levels were most probably achieved by increased secretion per secretory episode. These findings suggest that during pregnancy, the PRL sleep related secretory "program" is maintained in a qualitative manner, albeit at a higher set-point.
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104
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Abstract
DHA (1) has been measured in plasma by a radioimmunoassay procedure using an antiserum to DHA-7-BSA whose specificity is such that the procedure is carried out directly on diluted, unextracted plasma. The method has been used to obtain plasma DHA secretory patterns and mean concentrations and the data are in accord with those determined by related but more laborious techniques.
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105
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Boyar RM, Rosenfeld RS, Finkelstein JW, Kapen S, Roffwarg HP, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Ontogeny of luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 6:803-8. [PMID: 1186256 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(75)90070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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106
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Rosenfeld RS, Rosenberg BJ, Fukushima DK, Hellman L. 24-Hour secretory pattern of dehydroisoandrosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:850-5. [PMID: 123927 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-5-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay and protein binding techniques respectively in plasma from blood taken at 20-min intervals over 24-h periods in 3 normal men, 2 women with Stein-Leventhal syndrome and a man with a benign adrenocortical adenoma. In all subjects but the latter, DHA and cortisol were episodic and synchronous throughout the entire day; in this patient, continuous secretion of cortisol by the tumor apparently abolished stimulation of the contralateral adrenal, and DHA production was negligible. Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate analysis in plasma displayed a pattern which, probably because of its origin both by secretion and sulfation and its long half-life showed less synchronicity with DHA and cortisol and less fluctuation than did the free hormones.
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107
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Fishman J, Fishman JH, Nisselbaum JS, Menendez-Botet C, Schwartz MK, Martucci C, Hellman L. Measurement of the estradiol receptor in human breast tissue by the immobilized antibody method. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:724-7. [PMID: 165217 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-4-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple immobilized antibody procedure for estradiol receptor detection has been applied to samples of human breast tissue cytosols previously assayed by the charcoal-dextran method. Good agreement between the two procedures was realized confirming the validity of the immobilized antibody assay.
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108
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Kapen S, Boyar R, Freeman R, Frantz A, Hellman L, Weitzman ED. Twenty-four-hour secretory patterns of gonadotropins and prolactin in a case of Chiari-Frommel syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:234-9. [PMID: 1167938 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-2-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma LH, FSH and prolactin secretory patterns were derived from the measurement of 20-min interval plasma samples obtained during a complete 24-h period in a patient with persistent postpartum amenorrhea and galactorrhea (Chiari-Frommel syndrome), before and after clomiphene citrate therapy. During nocturnal sleep, polygraphic monitoring was carried out to precisely identify sleep onset, specific sleep stages and waking periods. During the evening and nighttime hours, LH and FSH concentrations were markedly reduced, compared to the daytime patterns both before and after clomiphene therapy. A sleep associated rise of prolactin concentration was present, similar to the pattern found in normal subjects but at higher concentrations. The reciprocal nature of the nocturnal secretory patterns for LH and FSH and prolactin in this patient suggests an alteration in hypothalamic dopaminergic mechanisms which are thougt to control the secretion of these hormones.
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109
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Abstract
The 7-carboxymethoximino derivative of androsterone (1) has been prepared from dehydroisoandrosterone-17-ethyleneketal by a sequence involving inversion at C-3, introduction of a carbonyl at C-7, and reduction of the double bond at C-5. The substance was condensed with BSA by the carbodiimide procedure to afford a conjugate which produced anti-androsterone antiserum in innoculated rabbits. The antiserum is sufficiently active to be useful in radioimmunoassay procedures.
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110
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Fukushima DK, Finkelstein JW, Yoshida K, Boyar RM, Hellman L. Pituitary-adrenal activity in untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:1-12. [PMID: 163262 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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111
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Monder C, Zumoff B, Bradlow HL, Hellman L. Studies in the biotransformation of cortisol to the cortoic acids in man. I. Metabolism of 21-dehydrocortisol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:86-92. [PMID: 1112882 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-1-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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112
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Weitzman ED, Boyar RM, Kapen S, Hellman L. The relationship of sleep and sleep stages to neuroendocrine secretion and biological rhythms in man. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1975; 31:399-446. [PMID: 172995 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571131-9.50015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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113
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Weitzman ED, deGraaf AS, Sassin JF, Hansen T, Godtlibsen OB, Perlow M, Hellman L. Seasonal patterns of sleep stages and secretion of cortisol and growth hormone during 24 hour periods in northern Norway. Eur J Endocrinol 1975; 78:65-76. [PMID: 163564 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.0780065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A group of 7 healthy male subjects was studied in regard to sleep stages and 24 h plasma cortisol and growth hormone patterns during the 4 seasons of the year in an Arctic environment (Tromsø, Norway). No difference in total sleep or sleep stage per cents was found for any of the yearly seasons. A small but statistical significant increase in mean plasma cortisol concentration and amount secreted for 24 h was found for the autumn-winter seasons, as compared with the spring and summer. However, no difference in the circadian curve of cortisol hormonal pattern was found. All subjects secreted growth hormone shortly after sleep onset at night and no difference was found as a function of season of the year.
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114
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Kapen S, Boyar RM, Hellman L, Weitzman ED. Twenty-four-hour patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion in humans: ontogenetic and sexual considerations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1975; 42:103-13. [PMID: 1239042 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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115
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Zumoff B, Bradlow HL, Fukushima DK, Hellman L. Increase in the tetrahydrocortisol-tetrahydrocortisone ratio from cortisol-4-14C: a nonspecific consequence of illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39:1120-4. [PMID: 4610004 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-6-1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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116
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Friedman G, Freeman R, Bookchin R, Boyar R, Murthy G, Hellman L. Testicular function in sickle cell disease. Fertil Steril 1974; 25:1018-21. [PMID: 4430384 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)40809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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117
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Boyar RM, Katz J, Finkelstein JW, Kapen S, Weiner H, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med 1974; 291:861-5. [PMID: 4412035 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197410242911701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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118
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Zumoff B, Fukushima DK, Weitzman ED, Kream J, Hellman L. The sex difference in plasma cortisol concentration in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39:805-8. [PMID: 4416490 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-4-805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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119
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O'Connor JF, Wu GY, Gallagher TF, Hellman L. The 24-hour plasma thyroxin profile in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39:765-71. [PMID: 4416618 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-4-765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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120
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Perlow M, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Effect of cortisol infusions on endogenous cortisol secretion in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39:790-5. [PMID: 4413035 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-4-790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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121
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Boyar RM, Rosenfeld RS, Kapen S, Finkelstein JW, Roffwarg HP, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Human puberty. Simultaneous augmented secretion of luteinizing hormone and testosterone during sleep. J Clin Invest 1974; 54:609-18. [PMID: 4852310 PMCID: PMC301594 DOI: 10.1172/jci107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay in nine pubertal boys and three sexually mature young men at 20-min intervals for 24 h. Plasma LH and T were also measured in one boy during a delayed sleep onset study. Polygraphic monitoring was carried out to identify precisely sleep onset. Wakefulness, and specific sleep stages. In all nine pubertal boys the plasma T concentration fluctuated and was significantly higher during normal nocturnal sleep as compared to daytime waking. This increased T secretion during sleep was temporally linked to the characteristic pubertal sleep augmentation of LH secretion. To define further the relationship of this increased T secretion to sleep, plasma LH and T were also measured in three of the pubertal boys after acute (1-day) reversal of the sleep-wake cycle. One of these boys was also studied after 3 days of sleep-wake cycle reversal. The results of these studies showed that plasma T was now augmented during the reversed daytime sleep period; the mean T concentrations during this period were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than during nocturnal waking in all four studies. Measurement of plasma LH and T in the three sexually mature young men showed episodic secretion of LH and T during both waking and sleep periods; there was no consistent significant augmentation of LH or T secretion during sleep. This study demonstrates that (a) in normal pubertal boys and sexually mature young men plasma T fluctuates episodically; (b) there is marked augmentation of T secretion during sleep in pubertal boys, which is dependent on increased LH secretion; (c) this pubertal LH-T secretory "program" is dependent on sleep, since it shifts with delayed sleep onset and reversal of the sleep-wake cycle; and (d) this demonstrable tropic effect of LH on T is evident only during puberty, since sexually mature young men fail to show any consistent relationship between LH and T secretion either awake or asleep.
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122
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Kapen S, Boyar RM, Finkelstein JW, Hellman L, Weitzman ED. Effect of sleep-wake cycle reversal on luteinizing hormone secretory pattern in puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39:293-9. [PMID: 4370779 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-39-2-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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123
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Weitzman ED, Nogeire C, Perlow M, Fukushima D, Sassin J, McGregor P, Hellman L. Effects of a prolonged 3-hour sleep-wake cycle on sleep stages, plasma cortisol, growth hormone and body temperature in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 38:1018-30. [PMID: 4364804 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-38-6-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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124
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Boyar RM, Kapen S, Finkelstein JW, Perlow M, Sassin JF, Fukushima DK, Weitzman ED, Hellman L. Hypothalamic-pituitary function in diverse hyperprolactinemic states. J Clin Invest 1974; 53:1588-98. [PMID: 4208470 PMCID: PMC302654 DOI: 10.1172/jci107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin secretion in normal adults is characterized by periods of episodic secretion which increase in magnitude during sleep. In this study, we report the 24-h mean prolactin concentrations, prolactin secretory patterns, and associated pituitary hormone function in nine patients (seven women and two men) with hyperprolactinemia of diverse etiologies. Four of the women and one of the men had clinically demonstrable pituitary tumors, one boy had a hypothalamic tumor, and the three other women had "functional" hyperprolactinemia. The 24-h mean prolactin concentrations derived from averaging the 20-min interval samples for 24 h ranged from 28.6 to 1,220 ng/ml. The plasma prolactin patterns in these patients showed persistence of episodic secretion in all and loss of the normal sleep-wake difference in plasma prolactin in seven of nine. Three of the patients with galactorrhea and comparable 24-h mean prolactin concentrations (58.3, 59.7, and 64.3 ng/ml) showed similar prolactin secretory patterns despite different etiologic mechanisms. Evaluation of the secretory patterns of luteinizing hormone (LH) in these patients showed loss of normal pulsatile LH release and a low 24-h mean LH concentration in the patient with the pituitary tumor, while the two patients without clinically demonstrable pituitary tumors ("post-pill" galactorrhea and "idiopathic" galactorrhea) showed normal LH secretory patterns and 24-h mean LH concentrations. The 24-h mean cortisol concentrations and secretory patterns were normal in five of the seven patients who had these parameters measured. The patient with the hypothalamic tumor had a low 24-h mean cortisol concentration and production rate and absent response to metyrapone. The patient with "idiopathic" galactorrhea had an elevated 24-h mean cortisol concentration but normal cortisol production rate and urinary 17-hydroxycorticoid excretion. Growth hormone secretion was abnormal in four of the patients (one with the hypothalamic tumor and three with pituitary tumors). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration in four patients resulted in normal TSH release in two patients (one of whom developed galactorrhea after the test), an absent response in the patient with the hypothalamic tumor, and a blunted response in one of the women with a pituitary tumor. The two men had low 24-h mean plasma testosterone concentrations (69 and 30 ng/100 ml) and symptoms of impotence and loss of libido. Five of the women (four with pituitary tumors and one with Chiari-Frommel syndrome) had either low 24-h mean LH concentrations, abnormal LH secretory patterns, or both. These data indicate that patients with hyperprolactinemia encompassing a varied etiological range frequently show loss of the normal sleep-associated increase in prolactin secretion as well as abnormalities in the regulation of the other hypothalamic pituitary-regulated hormones. The finding that the abnormalities in LH, growth hormone, thyrotropin, and cortisol (adrenocorticotrophic) secretion were almost uniformly confined to the patients with the clinically demonstrable hypothalamic or pituitary tumors suggests that the size of the lesion is the critical factor.
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125
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