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Keyte J, Harris S, Margetts B, Robinson S, Baird J. Engagement with the National Healthy Schools Programme is associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption in primary school children. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 25:155-60. [PMID: 22128770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving children's diets is currently a government focus. However, fruit and vegetable consumption, a key target, is still far below the government guidelines of five portions per day. The present study aimed to assess the impact of engagement with the National Healthy Schools Programme (NHSP) on fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of primary school children. METHODS A sample of 511 children, aged 7-9 years, who were attending 10 randomly selected schools in Hampshire, completed the Day in the Life Questionnaire, a validated 24-h recall method of dietary assessment. Fruit and vegetable intake in pupils attending schools engaged with the NHSP was compared with that of pupils attending schools not engaged with the programme. RESULTS Children attending schools engaged with the NHSP ate a median of two (interquartile range, 0-8.0) portions of fruit and vegetables, compared to one portion (interquartile range, 0-8.0) consumed by pupils attending a school not engaged with the programme (P=0.001). Gender was also a significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption, with girls being 1.68 times more likely to consume 2.5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables. After adjustment for free school meal eligibility (as a measure of socio-economic status) and gender, pupils attending schools engaged with NHSP were twice as likely to eat 2.5 portions of fruit and vegetables or more per day. CONCLUSIONS Engagement with the NHSP may be an effective way of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in primary school children. Further evaluation of the programme is recommended to determine which aspects of the NHSP are successful in achieving this.
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Larkin SET, Holmes S, Cree IA, Walker T, Basketter V, Bickers B, Harris S, Garbis SD, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C. Identification of markers of prostate cancer progression using candidate gene expression. Br J Cancer 2011; 106:157-65. [PMID: 22075945 PMCID: PMC3251845 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) has no curative treatment options. Some forms of PCa are indolent and slow growing, while others metastasise quickly and may prove fatal within a very short time. The basis of this variable prognosis is poorly understood, despite considerable research. The aim of this study was to identify markers associated with the progression of PCa. METHODS Artificial neuronal network analysis combined with data from literature and previous work produced a panel of putative PCa progression markers, which were used in a transcriptomic analysis of 29 radical prostatectomy samples and correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS Statistical analysis yielded seven putative markers of PCa progression, ANPEP, ABL1, PSCA, EFNA1, HSPB1, INMT and TRIP13. Two data transformation methods were utilised with only markers that were significant in both selected for further analysis. ANPEP and EFNA1 were significantly correlated with Gleason score. Models of progression co-utilising markers ANPEP and ABL1 or ANPEP and PSCA had the ability to correctly predict indolent or aggressive disease, based on Gleason score, in 89.7% and 86.2% of cases, respectively. Another model of TRIP13 expression in combination with preoperative PSA level and Gleason score was able to correctly predict recurrence in 85.7% of cases. CONCLUSION This proof of principle study demonstrates a novel association of carcinogenic and tumourigenic gene expression with PCa stage and prognosis.
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103
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Arnold J, Soulsbury C, Harris S. Spatial and behavioral changes by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in response to artificial territory intrusion. CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urine marking is thought to play a pivotal role in territory demarcation by red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)), but little is known about how individuals respond to alien scent marks, and whether there are sex-related differences in territorial defense. We radio-tracked dominant male and female urban foxes before and after synthetic fox urine was applied to approximately a third of their territories and compared spatial and behavioral reactions both before and after scent application and with foxes on territories where no urine was applied. Home-range boundaries of male foxes shifted towards the scent-marked area, but this change did not affect the total territory size. Larger males shifted their home ranges to a greater degree than small males. Scent application did not affect total activity, but males spent more time in the scent-marked area. Behaviors such as distance moved per night and speed of movement did not differ before and after application, but foxes searched a greater percentage of their home range each night following scent marking. Females showed no significant spatial or behavioral response to the synthetic scent marks. Overall, responses of foxes to synthetic scent marks were male-biased and related to changes in space use rather than movement behaviors.
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Cooke A, Harris S. A toolkit to support ventilated children and young people in children's hospices. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000105.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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105
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Reichert S, Suskin N, Harris S, Humen D, Koops Huygen G, Unsworth K. 308 A missed opportunity: Undiagnosed diabetes in patients admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Scott PA, Townsend PA, Ng LL, Zeb M, Harris S, Roderick PJ, Curzen NP, Morgan JM. Defining potential to benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: the role of biomarkers. Europace 2011; 13:1419-27. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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107
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Trees D, Burroughs M, Harris S, Johnson S. P4-S1.05 Polymerase chain reaction-based typing of penA genes exhibiting elevated MIC values to cephalosporins in Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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108
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Friedman A, Forsythe A, Poehlman J, Harris S, Smith J, Uhrig J. P2-S3.03 Exploring perceptions of the social determinants of STIs in African American communities of the USA. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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109
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Verne J, Harris S, Ho D. New insights into place of death for people with Alzheimer's disease, dementia and senility. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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110
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Giuggioli L, Potts JR, Harris S. Brownian walkers within subdiffusing territorial boundaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:061138. [PMID: 21797333 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the collective phenomenon of territorial emergence, whereby animals move and interact through the scent marks they deposit, we study the dynamics of a 1D Brownian walker in a random environment consisting of confining boundaries that are themselves diffusing anomalously. We show how to reduce, in certain parameter regimes, the non-Markovian, many-body problem of territoriality to the analytically tractable one-body problem studied here. The mean square displacement (MSD) of the 1D Brownian walker within subdiffusing boundaries is calculated exactly and generalizes well known results when the boundaries are immobile. Furthermore, under certain conditions, if the boundary dynamics are strongly subdiffusive, we show the appearance of an interesting nonmonotonicity in the time dependence of the MSD, giving rise to transient negative diffusion.
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Wu L, Feng J, Mu Y, Donly K, Wnag I, Harris S, Macdougall M, Chen S. O45-regulation of osteoblast differentiation and ECM remodeling by Bmp2/4 in vitro. BULLETIN DU GROUPEMENT INTERNATIONAL POUR LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE EN STOMATOLOGIE & ODONTOLOGIE 2011; 49:94-97. [PMID: 22750370 PMCID: PMC3645271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Both of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (Bmp2 and Bmp4) are two closely related members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and play diverse roles in normal and pathological processes. However, detail understandings of mechanisms through which Bmp2 and Bmp4 exert their effects remain elusive due to their functional compensations each other. To study roles of Bmp2/Bmp4 in osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, calvarial osteoblasts from Bmp2/4 conditional mice with Cre recombinase recognition site (loxP) were isolated and transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen to generate immortalized BMP2C/C4C/C (iBMP2 C/C/4C/C) osteoblast lines. The BMP2/4 genes in the iBMP2 C/C/4C/C cells were double knocked out by Ad-Cre recombinase infection. Differentiation and mineralization of iBMP2C/C/4C/C knock-out (iBmp2C/C/4C/C KO) cells were detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin (ALZ) red S staining analyses. ECM remodeling was also observed in fluorescent microscope. Cell differentiation was dramatically decreased in the iBMP2C/C/4C/C KO cells compared to that of the iBMP2C/C/4C/C osteoblasts. Mineralization was also reduced in these KO cells by ALZ staining. Furthermore, Bmp2/4 double knock-out cells have major defects in remodeling the ECM as reflected by changes in collagen type I processing. Here we for the first time demonstrate the establishment of iBmp2C/C/4C/C KO osteoblasts. Cell differentiation and mineralization in the iBmp2C/C/4C/C KO cells were decreased. Furthermore, ECM processing in these KO cells was impaired. This indicates that BMP2/4 play important roles in osteoblast differentiation and ECM remodeling.
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Kuet KP, Goepel J, Mudhar H, Bourne JT, Sykes MP, Riaz I, Borg FA, Everett C, Dasgupta B, Byng-Maddick R, Wincup C, Penn H, Jani M, Bukhari M, Halsey J, Chander S, Marsh J, Hughes R, Chu E, Little J, Bruce I, Soh C, Lee L, Ho P, Ntatsaki E, Vassiliou V, Youngstein T, Mohamed M, Lanham J, Haskard D, Lutalo PM, Scott IC, Sangle S, D'Cruz DP, Scott IC, Garrood T, Mackie SL, Backhouse O, Melsom R, Pease CT, Marzo-Ortega H, Al-Mossawi MH, Wathen CJ, Al-Balushi F, Mahto A, Humby F, Kelly C, Jawad A, Lee M, Haigh RC, Derrett-Smith EC, Nihtyanova S, Parker J, Bunn C, Burns A, Little M, Denton C, Tosounidou S, Harris S, Steventon D, Sheeran T, Baxter D, Field M, Lutalo PM, Sangle S, Davies R, Khamashta MA, D'Cruz D, Wajed J, Kiely P, Srikanth A, Lanyon P. Case reports: 1. IGG4 Related Fibrosis: A Treatable Disease. Four Cases in a District General Hospital. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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113
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Castleberry C, Hidestrand M, Tomita-Mitchell A, Ellis T, Liang H, Harris S, Goetsch M, Stendahl G, Hoffmann R, Shames B, Tweddell J, Zangwill S, Mitchell M. 407 Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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114
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Cain D, Harris S. A clinical pilot study to evaluate the correlation between pulse wave velocity and cardiac output during elective surgery. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3061690 DOI: 10.1186/cc9480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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115
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Hodgkinson J, Shukur Z, Tan E, Warren O, Iqbal Q, Harris S, Mohsen Y, Prabhudesai A. Are C-reactive protein levels necessary in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children? Int J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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116
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Shukur Z, Hodgkinson J, Tan E, Warren O, Iqbal K, Harris S, Mohsen Y, Prabhudesai A. Are C-reactive protein levels necessary to diagnose acute appendicitis in adults? Int J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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117
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Parkes J, Guha IN, Roderick P, Harris S, Cross R, Manos MM, Irving W, Zaitoun A, Wheatley M, Ryder S, Rosenberg W. Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test accurately identifies liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:23-31. [PMID: 20196799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of liver fibrosis is important in determining prognosis and evaluating interventions. Due to limitations of accuracy and patient hazard of liver biopsy, non-invasive methods have been sought to provide information on liver fibrosis, including the European liver fibrosis (ELF) test, shown to have good diagnostic accuracy for the detection of moderate and severe fibrosis. Access to independent cohorts of patients has provided an opportunity to explore if this test could be simplified. This paper reports the simplification of the ELF test and its ability to identity severity of liver fibrosis in external validation studies in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Paired biopsy and serum samples from 347 naïve patients with CHC in three independent cohorts were analysed. Diagnostic performance characteristics were derived (AUROC, sensitivity and specificity, predictive values), and clinical utility modelling performed to determine the proportion of biopsies that could have been avoided if ELF test was used in this patient group. It was possible to simplify the original ELF test without loss of performance and the new algorithm is reported. The simplified ELF test was able to predict severe fibrosis [pooled AUROC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.81-0.89)] and using clinical utility modelling to predict severe fibrosis (Ishak stages 4-6; METAVIR stages 3 and 4) 81% of biopsies could have been avoided (65% correctly). Issues of spectrum effect in diagnostic test evaluations are discussed. In chronic hepatitis C a simplified ELF test can detect severe liver fibrosis with good accuracy.
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Lee I, Barad DH, Weghofer A, Gleicher N, Maruthini D, Harris S, Baskind E, Sharma V, Balen AH, Picton HM, Le F, Wang N, Li L, Huang HF, Jin F, Perrin J, Tassistro V, Mandon M, Metzler-Guillemain C, Courbi`re B, Grillo JM, Botta A, Sari-Minodier I. SELECTED ORAL COMMUNICATION SESSION, SESSION 15: BASIC RESEARCH, Monday 4 July 2011 14:00 - 15:00. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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119
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McMullen K, Harris S, Lovato J, Ellis T, Tatter S, Urbanic J, Bourland J, Shaw E, Chan M. Salvage Radiosurgery for Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer after Previous Whole Brain Radiations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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120
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Alba R, Phillips A, Mackie S, Gillikin N, Maxwell C, Brune P, Ridley W, Fitzpatrick J, Levine M, Harris S. Improvements to the International Life Sciences Institute Crop Composition Database. J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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121
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Martins Q, Horsnell WGC, Titus W, Rautenbach T, Harris S. Diet determination of the Cape Mountain leopards using global positioning system location clusters and scat analysis. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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122
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Morgan M, Harris S, McClure V, Davies E. P29.12 Can numbers of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemias and Clostridium difficile be reduced in the absence of targets? J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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123
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Ackland GL, Harris S, Ziabari Y, Grocott M, Mythen M. Revised cardiac risk index and postoperative morbidity after elective orthopaedic surgery: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:744-52. [PMID: 20876700 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) is associated strongly with increased cardiac ischaemic risk and perioperative death. Associations with non-cardiac morbidity in non-cardiac surgery have not been explored. In the elective orthopaedic surgical population, morbidity is common but preoperative predictors are unclear. We hypothesized that RCRI would identify individuals at increased risk of non-cardiac morbidity in this surgically homogenous population. METHODS Five hundred and sixty patients undergoing elective primary (>90%) and revision hip and knee procedures were studied. A modified RCRI (mRCRI) score was calculated, weighting intermediate and low risk factors. The primary endpoint was the development of morbidity, collected prospectively using the Postoperative Morbidity Survey, on postoperative day (POD) 5. RESULTS Morbidity on POD 5 was more frequent in patients with mRCRI ≥ 3 {relative risk 1.7, [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-2.1]; P<0.001}. Time to hospital discharge was delayed in patients with mRCRI score ≥ 3 (log-rank test, P=0.0002). Pulmonary (P<0.001), infectious (P=0.001), cardiovascular (P=0.0003), renal (P<0.0001), wound (P=0.02), and neurological (P=0.002) morbidities were more common in patients with mRCRI score ≥ 3. Pre/postoperative haematocrit, anaesthetic/analgesic technique, and postoperative temperature were similar across mRCRI groups. There were significant associations with hospital stay, as measured by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for mRCRI 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58-0.70) and POSSUM 0.70 (95% CI: 0.63-0.75). CONCLUSIONS mRCRI score ≥ 3 is associated with increased postoperative non-cardiac morbidity and prolonged hospital stay after elective orthopaedic procedures. mRCRI can contribute to objective risk stratification of postoperative morbidity.
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Ross S, Kamnitzer R, Munkhtsog B, Harris S. Den-site selection is critical for Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul). CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the habitat selection of 101 den sites used by 21 individual Pallas’s cats ( Otocolobus manul (Pallas, 1776) = Felis manul Pallas, 1776) in summer, winter, and the maternal period in central Mongolia using generalized linear mixed models. Pallas’s cats used rock crevices and marmot burrows as dens for giving birth, raising young, thermoregulation, feeding, mating, and as important cover from predators. Den sites were selected with higher proportions of rocky and ravine habitats in the surroundings, and in winter Pallas’s cats avoided the presence of humans. Habitat and structural features suggested that dens were selected to minimize predation risk. Selection of dens in shade in summer and the use of insulated dens of Siberian marmots ( Marmota sibirica (Radde, 1862)) in winter indicated that thermal properties may also be important. We contend that dens are a critical habitat for Pallas’s cats and the availability of suitable den sites is critical for the conservation of the species. Repeated use of maternal dens suggested they may be a limiting resource. Although marmot dens are unlikely to be limiting at present, over hunting of marmots is likely to reduce burrow availability in the future.
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125
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Krycka KL, Booth RA, Hogg CR, Ijiri Y, Borchers JA, Chen WC, Watson SM, Laver M, Gentile TR, Dedon LR, Harris S, Rhyne JJ, Majetich SA. Core-shell magnetic morphology of structurally uniform magnetite nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:207203. [PMID: 20867056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new development in small-angle neutron scattering with polarization analysis allows us to directly extract the average spatial distributions of magnetic moments and their correlations with three-dimensional directional sensitivity in any magnetic field. Applied to a collection of spherical magnetite nanoparticles 9.0 nm in diameter, this enhanced method reveals uniformly canted, magnetically active shells in a nominally saturating field of 1.2 T. The shell thickness depends on temperature, and it disappears altogether when the external field is removed, confirming that these canted nanoparticle shells are magnetic, rather than structural, in origin.
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