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Bertrand J, Stange R, Hidding H, Echtermeyer F, Nalesso G, Godmann L, Timmen M, Bruckner P, Dell'Accio F, Raschke MJ, Pap T, Dreier R. Syndecan 4 supports bone fracture repair, but not fetal skeletal development, in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:743-52. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Frank S, Peters MA, Wehmeyer C, Strietholt S, Koers-Wunrau C, Bertrand J, Heitzmann M, Hillmann A, Sherwood J, Seyfert C, Gay S, Pap T. Regulation of matrixmetalloproteinase-3 and matrixmetalloproteinase-13 by SUMO-2/3 through the transcription factor NF-κB. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1874-81. [PMID: 23417988 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on previous data that have linked the small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we have investigated the expression of the highly homologous SUMO family members SUMO-2/3 in human RA and in the human tumour necrosis factor α transgenic (hTNFtg) mouse model of RA and studied their role in regulating disease specific matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs). METHODS Synovial tissue was obtained from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and used for histological analyses as well as for the isolation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs). The expression of SUMO-2/3 in RA and OA patients as well as in hTNFtg and wild type mice was studied by PCR, western blot and immunostaining. SUMO-2/3 was knocked down using small interfering RNA in SFs, and TNF-α induced MMP production was determined by ELISA. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was determined by a luciferase activity assay and a transcription factor assay in the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. RESULTS Expression of SUMO-2 and to a lesser extent of SUMO-3 was higher in RA tissues and RASFs compared with OA controls. Similarly, there was increased expression of SUMO-2 in the synovium and in SFs of hTNFtg mice compared with wild type animals. In vitro, the expression of SUMO-2 but not of SUMO-3 was induced by TNF-α. The knockdown of SUMO-2/3 significantly increased the TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β induced expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13, accompanied by increased NF-κB activity. Induction of MMP-3 and MMP-13 was inhibited by blockade of the NF-κB pathway. TNF-α and IL-1β mediated MMP-1 expression was not regulated by SUMO-2/3. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we show that despite their high homology, SUMO-2/3 are differentially regulated by TNF-α and selectively control TNF-α mediated MMP expression via the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, we hypothesise that SUMO-2 contributes to the specific activation of RASF.
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Schmidt-Lauber C, Harrach S, Pap T, Fischer M, Victor M, Heitzmann M, Hansen U, Fobker M, Brand SM, Sindic A, Pavenstädt H, Edemir B, Schlatter E, Bertrand J, Ciarimboli G. Transport mechanisms and their pathology-induced regulation govern tyrosine kinase inhibitor delivery in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52247. [PMID: 23284953 PMCID: PMC3527388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating malignant disorders and were lately suggested to have an impact on non-malignant diseases. However, in some inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the in vivo effect seemed to be moderate. As most TKIs are taken up actively into cells by cell membrane transporters, this study aimed to evaluate the role of such transporters for the accumulation of the TKI Imatinib mesylates in RA synovial fibroblasts as well as their regulation under inflammatory conditions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The transport and accumulation of Imatinib was investigated in transporter-transfected HEK293 cells and human RA synovial fibroblasts (hRASF). Transporter expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. In transfection experiments, hMATE1 showed the highest apparent affinity for Imatinib among all known Imatinib transporters. Experiments quantifying the Imatinib uptake in the presence of specific transporter inhibitors and after siRNA knockdown of hMATE1 indeed identified hMATE1 to mediate Imatinib transport in hRASF. The anti-proliferative effect of Imatinib on PDGF stimulated hRASF was quantified by cell counting and directly correlated with the uptake activity of hMATE1. Expression of hMATE1 was investigated by Western blot and immuno-fluorescence. Imatinib transport under disease-relevant conditions, such as an altered pH and following stimulation with different cytokines, was also investigated by HPLC. The uptake was significantly reduced by an acidic extracellular pH as well as by the cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, which all decreased the expression of hMATE1-mRNA and protein. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The regulation of Imatinib uptake via hMATE1 in hRASF and resulting effects on their proliferation may explain moderate in vivo effects on RA. Moreover, our results suggest that investigating transporter mediated drug processing under normal and pathological conditions is important for developing intracellular acting drugs used in inflammatory diseases.
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Müller-Ladner U, Lefèvre S, Zimmermann B, Tarner IH, Dinser R, Pap T, Gay S, Neumann E. Evidence for synovial fibroblasts spreading rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012. [PMCID: PMC3332411 DOI: 10.1186/ar3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Stratis A, Neugebauer K, Frohling M, Paruzel P, Dankbar B, Wemeyer C, Cromme C, Godmann L, Bertrand J, Korb A, Echtermeyer F, Kollias G, Pap T. Inhibition of Syndecan-4 by therapeutic antibodies reduces TNFα dependent joint destruction in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2012. [PMCID: PMC3332460 DOI: 10.1186/ar3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bertrand J, Rueter C, Cromme C, Scharnert J, Schmidt A, Pap T. The bacterial effector protein YopM reduces rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcome by inhibiting inflammation and bone destruction. Arthritis Res Ther 2012. [PMCID: PMC3332443 DOI: 10.1186/ar3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bougault C, Gosset M, Houard X, Salvat C, Godmann L, Pap T, Jacques C, Berenbaum F. Stress-induced cartilage degradation does not depend on the NLRP3 inflammasome in human osteoarthritis and mouse models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:3972-81. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that have gained increasing interest as regulators of a variety of tissue responses, including cartilage development and remodelling. These proteoglycans are composed of a core protein to which extracellular glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are attached. Through these GAG chains, syndecans can interact with a variety of extracellular matrix molecules and bind to a number of soluble mediators including morphogens, growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. The structure and post-translational modification of syndecan GAG chains seem to differ not only from cell to cell, but also during different stages of cellular differentiation, leading to a complexity of syndecan function that is unique among membrane-bound HSPGs. Unlike other membrane-bound HSPGs, syndecans contain intracellular signalling motifs that can initiate signalling mainly through protein kinase C. This Review summarizes our knowledge of the biology of syndecans and the mechanisms by which binding of molecules to syndecans exert different biological effects, particularly in the joints. On the basis of the structural and functional peculiarities of syndecans, we discuss the regulation of syndecans and their roles in the developing joint as well as during degenerative and inflammatory cartilage remodelling as understood from expression studies and functional analyses involving syndecan-deficient mice.
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Peters MA, Wendholt D, Strietholt S, Frank S, Pundt N, Korb-Pap A, Joosten LAB, van den Berg WB, Kollias G, Eckes B, Pap T. The loss of α2β1 integrin suppresses joint inflammation and cartilage destruction in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1359-68. [PMID: 22083543 DOI: 10.1002/art.33487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrin α2β1 functions as a major receptor for type I collagen on different cell types, including fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Although in vitro data suggest a role for α2β1 integrin in regulating both cell attachment and expression of matrix-degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), mice that lack the α2 integrin subunit (Itga2(-/-) mice) develop normally and are fertile. We undertook this study to investigate the effect of Itga2 deficiency in 2 different mouse models of destructive arthritis: the antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) mouse model and the human tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-transgenic mouse model. METHODS AIA was induced in the knee joints of Itga2(-/-) mice and wild-type controls. Human TNF-transgenic mice were crossed with Itga2(-/-) mice and were assessed clinically and histopathologically for signs of arthritis, inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage damage. MMP expression, proliferation, fibroblast attachment, and ERK activation were determined. RESULTS Under arthritic conditions, Itga2 deficiency led to decreased severity of joint pathology. Specifically, Itga2(-/-) mice showed less severe clinical symptoms and dramatically reduced pannus formation and cartilage erosion. Mice lacking α2β1 integrin exhibited reduced MMP-3 expression, both in their sera and in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), due to impaired ERK activation. Further, both the proliferation and attachment of FLS to cartilage were partially dependent on α2β1 integrin in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that α2β1 integrin contributes significantly to inflammatory cartilage destruction by promoting fibroblast proliferation and attachment and MMP expression.
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Godmann L, Pap T, Bertrand J. Pathogenetisch orientierte Therapieansätze bei der Osteoarthrose – Sind DMOADs in der Pipeline? AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bertrand J, Nitschke Y, Fuerst M, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Sherwood J, Nalesso G, Ruether W, Rutsch F, Dell'Accio F, Pap T. Decreased levels of nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 are associated with cartilage calcification in osteoarthritis and trigger osteoarthritic changes in mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1249-53. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sherwood J, Nalesso G, Bertrand J, Pap T, Achan P, Pitzalis C, Dell'Accio F. ELR+ CXC chemokine signalling in articular chondrocyte phenotypic stability. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Heitzmann M, Korb-Pap A, Koers-Wunrau C, Kollias G, Butz S, Vestweber D, Pavenstädt H, Pap T. The trans-endothelial migration of murine synovial fibroblasts of hTNF transgenic mice is controlled by JAM-C. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201239.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Karonitsch T, Dalwigk K, Wunrau C, Byrne R, Niedereiter B, Hofstaetter J, Wanivenhaus A, Scheinecker C, Pap T, Smolen JS, Kiener HP. IFNγ promotes the invasive behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201235.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schett G, Pap T, Müller-Ladner U, Kamradt T. Osteoimmunologie – IMMUNOBONE – Das Wechselspiel zwischen Knochen und Immunsystem verstehen. Z Rheumatol 2012; 71:138-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-012-0954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Umlauf D, Hidding H, Lindemann O, Dankbar B, Frank S, Cromme C, Dietrich A, Marshall RP, Amling M, Steiner M, Kornak U, Schwab A, Pap T, Bertrand J. Transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 dependent pathways are required for osteoclast fusion and mediate osteoporotic bone loss. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Korb A, Hillmann A, Heitzmann M, Bürgis S, Kollias G, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Gessner A, Pap T, Weide T, Pavenstädt H. The signalling domain of the multiadaptor protein p62/SQSTM1 links reactive oxygen species formation and obesity to increased TNFα-mediated joint damage. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bertrand J, Stange R, Hidding H, Echtermeyer F, Nalesso G, Godmann L, Dell'Accio F, Pap T, Dreier R. Bone fracture repair, but not fetal skeletal development is supported by syndecan-4. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Godmann L, Stratis A, Cromme C, Echtermeyer F, Pap T, Bertrand J. Heparan sulfate side chains are essential for the modulation of IL-1 signaLs by syndecan-4 in RA synovial fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201238.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cromme C, Rüter C, Scharnert J, Kollias G, Schmidt MA, Pap T, Bertrand J. The Yersiniaouter protein M inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitroand reduces bone destruction in hTNFtg mice in vivo. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201232.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Korb-Pap A, Stratis A, Mühlenberg K, Niederreiter B, Hayer S, Echtermeyer F, Stange R, Zwerina J, Pap T, Pavenstädt H, Schett G, Smolen JS, Redlich K. Early structural changes in cartilage and bone are required for the attachment and invasion of inflamed synovial tissue during destructive inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1004-11. [PMID: 22258493 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanisms involved in cartilage damage in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by specifically addressing the time course of extracellular matrix degradation and the contribution of cell-matrix interactions for initiation and perpetuation of this process. METHODS The human tumour necrosis factor (TNF) transgenic (hTNFtg) mouse model of RA was used to analyse the time course of pannus attachment to the cartilage and cartilage destruction, respectively, and crossed hTNFtg mice with interleukin (IL)-1(-/-) animals were used to investigate the role of IL-1 on these TNF-induced mechanisms in vivo. In addition, an in vitro attachment assay using synovial fibroblasts (SFs) from hTNFtg mice and freshly isolated articular cartilage was used to determine the role of proteoglycan loss in attachment of SFs and the role of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4. RESULTS In vivo analyses of hTNFtg mice showed that proteoglycan loss induced by IL-1 precedes and constitutes an important prerequisite for these processes as, in hTNFtg mice, IL-1 deficiency protected from the loss of cartilage proteoglycans and almost completely prevented the attachment and subsequent invasion of inflamed synovial tissue into cartilage. In vitro studies confirmed that loss of cartilage proteoglycans is required for attachment of SFs and that syndecan-4 is prominently involved in SF attachment and activation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the loss of cartilage proteoglycans is an early event in the course of destructive arthritis that facilitates the attachment of the inflamed synovial membrane and also initiates matrix degradation and inflammation through cell-matrix interactions.
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Vordemvenne T, Paletta JRJ, Hartensuer R, Pap T, Raschke MJ, Ochman S. Cooperative effects in differentiation and proliferation between PDGF-BB and matrix derived synthetic peptides in human osteoblasts. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:263. [PMID: 22104124 PMCID: PMC3231994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancing osteogenic capabilities of bone matrix for the treatment of fractures and segmental defects using growth factors is an active area of research. Recently, synthetic peptides like AC- 100, TP508 or p-15 corresponding to biologically active sequences of matrix proteins have been proven to stimulate bone formation. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB has been identified as an important paracrine factor in early bone healing. We hypothesized that the combined use of PDGF-BB with synthetic peptides could result in an increase in proliferation and calcification of osteoblast-like cells. Methods Osteoblast-like cell cultures were treated with PDGF and synthetic peptides, singly and as combinations, and compared to non-treated control cell cultures. The cultures were evaluated at days 2, 5, and 10 in terms of cell proliferation, calcification and gene expression of alkaline phosphate, collagen I and osteocalcin. Results Experimental findings revealed that the addition of PDGF, p-15 and TP508 and combinations of PDGF/AC-100, PDGF/p-15 and PDGF/TP508 resulted in an increase in proliferating osteoblasts, especially in the first 5 days of cultivation. Proliferation did not significantly differ between single factors and factor combinations (p > 0.05). The onset of calcification in osteoblasts occurred earlier and was more distinct compared to the corresponding control or PDGF stimulation alone. Significant difference was found for the combined use of PDGF/p-15 and PDGF/AC-100 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings indicate that PDGF exhibits cooperative effects with synthetic peptides in differentiation and proliferation. These cooperative effects cause a significant early calcification of osteoblast-like cells (p < 0.05). We suggest the combination of synthetic peptides and PDGF as a potential clinical approach for accelerating bone healing or coating osteosynthesis materials.
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Nalesso G, Sherwood J, Bertrand J, Pap T, Ramachandran M, De Bari C, Pitzalis C, Dell'accio F. WNT-3A modulates articular chondrocyte phenotype by activating both canonical and noncanonical pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:551-64. [PMID: 21536751 PMCID: PMC3087013 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201011051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A single Wnt can simultaneously activate different pathways with distinct and independent outcomes and reciprocal regulation in human articular chondrocytes. Activation and disruption of Wnt/β-catenin signaling both result in cartilage breakdown via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that both WNT-3A and the Wnt inhibitor DKK1 induced de-differentiation of human articular chondrocytes through simultaneous activation of β-catenin–dependent and independent responses. WNT-3A activates both the β-catenin–dependent canonical pathway and the Ca2+/CaMKII noncanonical pathways, with distinct transcriptional targets. WNT-3A promotes cell proliferation and loss of expression of the chondrocyte markers COL2A1, Aggrecan, and SOX9; however, proliferation and AXIN2 up-regulation are downstream of the canonical pathway and are rescued by DKK1, whereas the loss of differentiation markers is CaMKII dependent. Finally, we showed that in chondrocytes, the Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent and β-catenin–dependent pathways are reciprocally inhibitory, thereby explaining why DKK1 can induce loss of differentiation through de-repression of the CaMKII pathway. We propose a novel model in which a single WNT can simultaneously activate different pathways with distinct and independent outcomes and with reciprocal regulation. This offers an opportunity for selective pharmacological targeting.
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