126
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Pu K, Shuhendler AJ, Rao J. Semiconducting polymer nanoprobe for in vivo imaging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10325-9. [PMID: 23943508 PMCID: PMC4079533 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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127
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Rao J, Blackburn TK, Clark S, Musgrove BT. Upper eyelid incision and use of a 90° screwdriver for osteosynthesis of fractures of the anterior table of the frontal sinus. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51:974-5. [PMID: 24012052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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128
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Farmah S, Ali Z, Rao J, Clark S. Survey of mortality rates and consent practices for orthognathic surgery in UK OMFS units. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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129
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Liu D, Liu Y, Rao J, Wang G, Li H, Ge F, Chen C. Overexpression of the glutathione S-transferase gene from Pyrus pyrifolia fruit improves tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco plants. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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130
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Pu K, Shuhendler AJ, Rao J. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoprobe for In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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131
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Lee MK, Williams J, Twieg RJ, Rao J, Moerner WE. Enzymatic activation of nitro-aryl fluorogens in live bacterial cells for enzymatic turnover-activated localization microscopy†. Chem Sci 2013; 42:220-225. [PMID: 23894694 PMCID: PMC3722058 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many modern super-resolution imaging methods based on single-molecule fluorescence require the conversion of a dark fluorogen into a bright emitter to control emitter concentration. We have synthesized and characterized a nitro-aryl fluorogen which can be converted by a nitroreductase enzyme into a bright push-pull red-emitting fluorophore. Synthesis of model compounds and optical spectroscopy identify a hydroxyl-amino derivative as the product fluorophore, which is bright and detectable on the single-molecule level for fluorogens attached to a surface. Solution kinetic analysis shows Michaelis-Menten rate dependence upon both NADH and the fluorogen concentrations as expected. The generation of low concentrations of single-molecule emitters by enzymatic turnovers is used to extract subdiffraction information about localizations of both fluorophores and nitroreductase enzymes in cells. Enzymatic Turnover Activated Localization Microscopy (ETALM) is a complementary mechanism to photoactivation and blinking for controlling the emission of single molecules to image beyond the diffraction limit.
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132
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Shen B, Jeon J, Palner M, Ye D, Shuhendler A, Chin FT, Rao J. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Drug-Induced Tumor Apoptosis with a Caspase-Triggered Nanoaggregation Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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133
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Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Kothapalli SR, Tikhomirov GA, Rao J, Gambhir SS. Activatable oligomerizable imaging agents for photoacoustic imaging of furin-like activity in living subjects. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11015-22. [PMID: 23859847 DOI: 10.1021/ja4010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is continuing to be applied for physiological imaging and more recently for molecular imaging of living subjects. Owing to its high spatial resolution in deep tissues, PA imaging holds great potential for biomedical applications and molecular diagnostics. There is however a lack of probes for targeted PA imaging, especially in the area of enzyme-activatable probes. Here we introduce a molecular probe, which upon proteolytic processing is retained at the site of enzyme activity and provides PA contrast. The probe oligomerizes via a condensation reaction and accumulates in cells and tumors that express the protease. We demonstrate that this probe reports furin and furin-like activity in cells and tumor models by generating a significantly higher PA signal relative to furin-deficient and nontarget controls. This probe could report enzyme activity in living subjects at depths significantly greater than fluorescence imaging probes and has potential for molecular imaging in deep tumors.
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134
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Kumar L, Rao J, Yadav A. A simple and inexpensive retainer for overdenture prosthesis. CASE REPORTS 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009517. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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135
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Khurana A, Chapelin F, Beck G, Lenkov OD, Donig J, Nejadnik H, Messing S, Derugin N, Chan RCF, Gaur A, Sennino B, McDonald DM, Kempen PJ, Tikhomirov GA, Rao J, Daldrup-Link HE. Iron administration before stem cell harvest enables MR imaging tracking after transplantation. Radiology 2013; 269:186-97. [PMID: 23850832 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old) were injected with ferumoxytol 48 hours prior to extraction of MSCs from bone marrow. Ferumoxytol uptake by these MSCs was evaluated with fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy and compared with results of traditional ex vivo-labeling procedures. The in vivo-labeled cells were subsequently transplanted in osteochondral defects of 14 knees of seven athymic rats and were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging up to 4 weeks after transplantation. T2 relaxation times of in vivo-labeled MSC transplants and unlabeled control transplants were compared by using t tests. MR data were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULTS In vivo-labeled MSCs demonstrated significantly higher ferumoxytol uptake compared with ex vivo-labeled cells. With electron microscopy, iron oxide nanoparticles were localized in secondary lysosomes. In vivo-labeled cells demonstrated significant T2 shortening effects in vitro and in vivo when they were compared with unlabeled control cells (T2 in vivo, 15.4 vs 24.4 msec; P < .05) and could be tracked in osteochondral defects for 4 weeks. Histologic examination confirmed the presence of iron in labeled transplants and defect remodeling. CONCLUSION Intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label MSCs in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants with MR imaging. This method eliminates risks of contamination and biologic alteration of MSCs associated with ex vivo-labeling procedures.
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136
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George R, Smith M, Sharkey A, Hubbard R, Rao J, Edwards J. F-076IS PLASMA FIBRINOGEN A NOVEL INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt288.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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137
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Liu D, Liu Y, Rao J, Wang G, Li H, Ge F, Chen C. [Overexpression of the glutathione S-transferase gene from Pyrus pyrifolia fruit improves tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco plants]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2013; 47:591-601. [PMID: 24466748 DOI: 10.7868/s0026898413040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous enzymes in animals and plants, and they are multifunctional proteins encoded by a large gene family. GSTs are involved in response to the oxidative stress including drought, salt, heavy metals, and so on. Under oxidative stress, the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce an increase in GST levels, and then the GSTs metabolize the toxic products of lipid peroxidation, damaged DNA and other molecules. Previously, a full-length cDNA of a novel zeta GST gene, PpGST, was characterized from fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv Huobali. In the present study, a constitutive plant expression vector of PpGSTwas constructed and transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) to verify the function of PpGST. As a result, the PpGSTgene was successfully integrated into the genome of the transgenic tobacco lines and expressed as expected in the transformants through Southern blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Growth of T1 generation plants of PpGST transgenic lines and WT under non-stressful conditions was similar, however, the transgenic tobacco lines showed relatively normal growth under drought, NaCl, and cadmium (Cd) stresses. Furthermore, the T1 transgenic tobacco lines showed significantly slower superoxide anion production rate than the WT under abiotic stress. Simultaneously, the MDA content of each T1 transgenic tobacco plant was only slightly increased and significantly lower than that of the WT under drought, salt and Cd stress. Together with the GST activity of the transgenic tobacco lines, which was significantly increased under stressful conditions, as compared with that in WT, overexpression of PpGSTin tobacco enhanced the tolerance of transgenic tobacco lines to oxidative damage caused by drought, NaCl, and Cd stresses.
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138
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George R, Rao J, Edwards J. O-075TIMING FOR SURGICAL FIXATION OF MULTIPLE SIMPLE RIB FRACTURES AND FLAIL CHEST: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt288.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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139
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Mall P, Singh K, Rao J, Kumar L. Rehabilitation of anterior teeth with customised incisal guide table. CASE REPORTS 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009484. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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140
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Liu YJ, Du P, Rao J. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for sepsis caused by intestinal infection: a case report. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2013; 17:1311-1313. [PMID: 23740442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, procalcitonin has emerged as a promising marker for bacterial infection, with the high sensitivity and specificity. CASE PRESENTATION This report presents a 76-year-old woman with fever, vomiting and diarrhea. The clinical and laboratory examination revealed that the patient had a suspected serious intestinal infection and sepsis. The extremely high level of procalcitonin and positive blood culture result confirmed our diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of severe sepsis sometimes is very difficult. Procalcitonin is a useful tool in the early diagnosis of sepsis, differentiating from other inflammatory syndrome. The high PCT level (10 ng/ml) in this case could suggest serious bacterial infection and sepsis, and also predicts mortality and worse outcome.
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141
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Xiong L, Shen B, Behera D, Gambhir SS, Chin FT, Rao J. Synthesis of ligand-functionalized water-soluble [18F]YF3 nanoparticles for PET imaging. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3253-3256. [PMID: 23508229 PMCID: PMC3645980 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, efficient synthesis of novel (18)F-labeled imaging agents based on YF3 nanoparticles. Targeting ligands and antitumor drug molecules can be introduced onto the YF3 nanoparticles in a one-pot synthesis. The (18)F-labeling reaction proceeds in aqueous solutions at room temperature with excellent radiolabeling yields (>80%) in a very short time (5-10 min). (18)F-labeled YF3 nanoparticles displayed high stability in mouse and human serum, and their application for mapping lymph nodes in live rats after local injection has also been demonstrated.
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142
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Xiong L, Shuhendler AJ, Rao J. Self-luminescing BRET-FRET near-infrared dots for in vivo lymph-node mapping and tumour imaging. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1193. [PMID: 23149738 PMCID: PMC3527090 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong autofluorescence from living tissues, and the scattering and absorption of short-wavelength light in living tissues, significantly reduce sensitivity of in vivo fluorescence imaging. These issues can be tackled by using imaging probes that emit in the near-infrared wavelength range. Here we describe self-luminescing near-infrared-emitting nanoparticles employing an energy transfer relay that integrates bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, enabling in vivo near-infrared imaging without external light excitation. Nanoparticles were 30-40 nm in diameter, contained no toxic metals, exhibited long circulation time and high serum stability, and produced strong near-infrared emission. Using these nanoparticles, we successfully imaged lymphatic networks and vasculature of xenografted tumours in living mice. The self-luminescing feature provided excellent tumour-to-background ratio (>100) for imaging very small tumours (2-3 mm in diameter). Our results demonstrate that these new nanoparticles are well suited to in vivo imaging applications such as lymph-node mapping and cancer imaging.
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143
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Jeon J, Lee KH, Rao J. A strategy to enhance the binding affinity of fluorophore-aptamer pairs for RNA tagging with neomycin conjugation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:10034-6. [PMID: 22951899 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic sulforhodamine-neomycin conjugates have been designed and synthesized for RNA tagging. Conjugates were fluorescently activated by binding to RNA aptamers and exhibited greater than 250-400 fold enhancement in binding affinity relative to corresponding unconjugated fluorophores.
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144
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Rao J, Reddy G, Kumar R, Siva B, Babu K. Formal Total Synthesis of (–)-5,6-Dihydrocineromycine B. Synlett 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1317346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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145
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Brunette L, Galliano G, Rao J, Dorigo O. Dual staining for p16/KI67 combined with colposcopy as a predictor of high grade dysplasia in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/HPV positive pap smears. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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146
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Jeon J, Shen B, Xiong L, Miao Z, Lee KH, Rao J, Chin FT. Efficient method for site-specific 18F-labeling of biomolecules using the rapid condensation reaction between 2-cyanobenzothiazole and cysteine. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1902-8. [PMID: 22845703 DOI: 10.1021/bc300273m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method based on a rapid condensation reaction between 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine has been developed for (18)F-labeling of N-terminal cysteine-bearing peptides and proteins. An (18)F-labeled dimeric cRGD ([(18)F]CBTRGD(2)) has been synthesized with an excellent radiochemical yield (92% based on radio-HPLC conversion, 80% decay-corrected, and isolated yield) and radiochemical purity (>99%) under mild conditions using (18)F-CBT, and shown good in vivo tumor targeting efficiency for PET imaging. The labeling strategy was also applied to the site-specific (18)F-labeling of a protein, Renilla lucifierase (RLuc8) with a cysteine residue at its N-terminus. The protein labeling was achieved with 12% of decay-corrected radiochemical yield and more than 99% radiochemical purity. This strategy should provide a general approach for efficient and site-specific (18)F-labeling of various peptides and proteins for in vivo molecular imaging applications.
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147
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Conley NR, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Rao J, Moerner WE. A selenium analogue of firefly D-luciferin with red-shifted bioluminescence emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3350-3. [PMID: 22344705 PMCID: PMC3494413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A selenium analogue of amino-D-luciferin, aminoseleno-D-luciferin, is synthesized and shown to be a competent substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme. It has a red-shifted bioluminescence emission maximum at 600 nm and is suitable for bioluminescence imaging studies in living subjects.
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148
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Conley NR, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Rao J, Moerner WE. A Selenium Analogue of Firefly D-Luciferin with Red-Shifted Bioluminescence Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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149
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Wei HL, Cao JY, Rao J, Lei GJ, Jiang SF, Liu H, Yu LM, Xie WM, Li M, Yang XF, Zou GQ, Lu DL, Duan XR. The dependence of extracted current on discharge gas pressure in neutral beam ion sources on HL-2A tokamak. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:023302. [PMID: 22380084 DOI: 10.1063/1.3681446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The discharge gas pressure is a key factor to influence the extracted current of ion source. In this paper, the dependence of extracted current on discharge gas pressure was investigated in detail at different arc discharge currents. The discharge gas pressure with a very broad range (0.1 Pa-2.7 Pa) was scanned for the first time. It is turned out that, with the increasing of discharge gas pressure, the extracted current increases and the arc voltage decreases at different arc currents; however, when the discharge gas pressure exceeds a certain value, the extracted current decreases. For the same discharge gas pressure, the higher the arc current, the higher the arc voltage and the extracted current are. The arc efficiency was also calculated, and its dependence on gas pressure was almost the same with the dependence of extracted current on gas pressure, but at the same discharge gas pressure, the lower the arc current, the higher the arc efficiency is and the lower the extracted current is.
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150
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Huang M, Rao J, Li B, Zhou J, Kang Z, Wang H, Lu B, Xia D, Wang C, Feng K, Wang M, Chen G, Pu Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Duan X, Liu Y. Recent Progress of 2MW 140GHz ECRH System on HL-2A. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123204012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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