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Hu L, Valentini E, Zhang ZG, Liang M, Iannetti GD. The primary somatosensory cortex contributes to the latest part of the cortical response elicited by nociceptive somatosensory stimuli in humans. Neuroimage 2013; 84:383-93. [PMID: 24001456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive laser pulses elicit temporally-distinct cortical responses (the N1, N2 and P2 waves of laser-evoked potentials, LEPs) mainly reflecting the activity of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) contralateral to the stimulated side, and of the bilateral operculoinsular and cingulate cortices. Here, by performing two different EEG experiments and applying a range of analysis approaches (microstate analysis, scalp topography, single-trial estimation), we describe a distinct component in the last part of the human LEP response (P4 wave). We obtained three main results. First, the LEP is reliably decomposed in four main and distinct functional microstates, corresponding to the N1, N2, P2, and P4 waves, regardless of stimulus territory. Second, the scalp and source configurations of the P4 wave follow a clear somatotopical organization, indicating that this response is likely to be partly generated in contralateral S1. Third, single-trial latencies and amplitudes of the P4 are tightly coupled with those of the N1, and are similarly sensitive to experimental manipulations (e.g., to crossing the hands over the body midline), suggesting that the P4 and N1 may have common neural sources. These results indicate that the P4 wave is a clear and distinct LEP component, which should be considered in LEP studies to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the brain response to nociceptive stimulation.
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Kajiya T, Liang M, Low AF, Chan MY, Lee CH, Tay E, Chan KH, Richards AM, Tan HC. Difference in clinical outcomes between patients who underwent left main stenting during elective versus emergency setting. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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128
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Liang M, Wang L, Liu X, Qi W, Su R, Huang R, Yu Y, He Z. Cross-linked lysozyme crystal templated synthesis of Au nanoparticles as high-performance recyclable catalysts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:245601. [PMID: 23680924 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/24/245601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bio-nanomaterials fabricated using a bioinspired templating technique represent a novel class of composite materials with diverse applications in biomedical, electronic devices, drug delivery, and catalysis. In this study, Au nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized within the solvent channels of cross-linked lysozyme crystals (CLLCs) in situ without the introduction of extra chemical reagents or physical treatments. The as-prepared AuNPs-in-protein crystal hybrid materials are characterized by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Small AuNPs with narrow size distribution reveal the restriction effects of the porous structure in the lysozyme crystals. These composite materials are proven to be active heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. These catalysts can be easily recovered and reused at least 20 times because of the physical stability and macro-dimension of CLLCs. This work is the first to use CLLCs as a solid biotemplate for the preparation of recyclable high-performance catalysts.
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129
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Starodub D, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Doak RB, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Gumprecht L, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Holl P, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Laksmono H, Liang M, Loh ND, Lomb L, Martin AV, Nass K, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schulz J, Shoeman RL, Sierra RG, Soltau H, Steinbrener J, Stellato F, Stern S, Weidenspointner G, Frank M, Ullrich J, Strüder L, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Spence JCH, Bogan MJ. Single-particle structure determination by correlations of snapshot X-ray diffraction patterns. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1276. [PMID: 23232406 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffractive imaging with free-electron lasers allows structure determination from ensembles of weakly scattering identical nanoparticles. The ultra-short, ultra-bright X-ray pulses provide snapshots of the randomly oriented particles frozen in time, and terminate before the onset of structural damage. As signal strength diminishes for small particles, the synthesis of a three-dimensional diffraction volume requires simultaneous involvement of all data. Here we report the first application of a three-dimensional spatial frequency correlation analysis to carry out this synthesis from noisy single-particle femtosecond X-ray diffraction patterns of nearly identical samples in random and unknown orientations, collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Our demonstration uses unsupported test particles created via aerosol self-assembly, and composed of two polystyrene spheres of equal diameter. The correlation analysis avoids the need for orientation determination entirely. This method may be applied to the structural determination of biological macromolecules in solution.
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130
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Liang M, Liu R, Qi W, Su R, Yu Y, Wang L, He Z. Interaction between lysozyme and procyanidin: Multilevel structural nature and effect of carbohydrates. Food Chem 2013; 138:1596-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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131
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Mazhar J, Killion B, Liang M, Lee M, Devlin G. Chest Pain Unit (CPU) in the Management of Low to Intermediate Risk Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Tertiary Hospital Experience from New Zealand. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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132
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Liang M, Al-Sinan A, Webb I, Larsen P, Harding S. Current Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Fails to Reproducibly Define Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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133
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Liang M, Lu Y, Sun L, Xu X, Wang P, Liu G, Li C. Investigation on Recrystallization of Cu-Nb Micro-composites by the Method of Resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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134
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Liang M, Wang L, Su R, Qi W, Wang M, Yu Y, He Z. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles within cross-linked lysozyme crystals as recyclable catalysts for 4-nitrophenol reduction. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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135
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Yao J, Xiong M, Tang B, Chen G, Liang M, Ma X, Wang Z, Wu Z. Simvastatin attenuates pulmonary vascular remodelling by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 expression in a carotid artery-jugular vein shunt pulmonary hypertension model in rats. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42:e121-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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136
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Peiguo Z, Shijie Z, Liang M. Chimerism but not neonatal antigen exposure induces transplant tolerance. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:108-12. [PMID: 22537091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquired transplant tolerance could be readily induced during foetal or neonatal period through donor cell infusion, but it is not the case in adults. This phenomenon has been attributed to the variation of immune system development in neonatal and adult periods. To investigate the role of immature immune system and chimerism in neonatal transplant tolerance, irradiated spleen cells or cell fraction from F1 (BALB/c × C57BL/6) or GFP-F1 mice were injected intravenously into neonatal C57BL/6 mice to induce tolerance. Irradiated cells or cell fraction could not induce chimerism and transplant tolerance in neonatal mice, even increasing the dose of donor cells to 5 × 10(7). Living donor cells induced tolerance in neonatal mice, and the quantity of living cells was correlated with the degree of chimerism and tolerance. At the amount of 3 × 10(7) F1 spleen cells, skin grafts were survived permanently in more than 80% of treated mice. However, the amount of 0.7 × 10(7) F1 spleen cells could only slightly prolong allografts' survival. The more donor cells were infused, the higher level of chimerism was achieved, and the higher frequency of alloreactive T cells was deleted. Chimerism is prerequisite for the induction and maintenance of tolerance. Chimerism in long-term tolerant mice was significantly higher than that in chronic graft rejected mice, with 6.48 ± 4.02% versus 1.41 ± 0.77%. It implies that transplant tolerance depends on the establishment of chimerism, but not on antigen exposure to immature immune system in foetus or neonates.
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Loh ND, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Starodub D, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Lomb L, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege SP, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bucksbaum P, Hodgson KO, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Erratum: Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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138
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Su R, Liang M, Qi W, Liu R, Yuan S, He Z. Pancreatic hydrolysis of bovine casein: Peptide release and time-dependent reaction behavior. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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139
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Liu R, Su R, Liang M, Huang R, Wang M, Qi W, He Z. Physicochemical Strategies for Inhibition of Amyloid Fibril Formation: An Overview of Recent Advances. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:4157-74. [DOI: 10.2174/092986712802430018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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140
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Loh ND, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Starodub D, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Lomb L, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Hunter MM, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege SP, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bucksbaum P, Hodgson KO, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight. Nature 2012; 486:513-7. [PMID: 22739316 DOI: 10.1038/nature11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of micrometre-size particulate matter is of critical importance in fields ranging from toxicology to climate science, yet these properties are surprisingly difficult to measure in the particles' native environment. Electron microscopy requires collection of particles on a substrate; visible light scattering provides insufficient resolution; and X-ray synchrotron studies have been limited to ensembles of particles. Here we demonstrate an in situ method for imaging individual sub-micrometre particles to nanometre resolution in their native environment, using intense, coherent X-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser. We introduced individual aerosol particles into the pulsed X-ray beam, which is sufficiently intense that diffraction from individual particles can be measured for morphological analysis. At the same time, ion fragments ejected from the beam were analysed using mass spectrometry, to determine the composition of single aerosol particles. Our results show the extent of internal dilation symmetry of individual soot particles subject to non-equilibrium aggregation, and the surprisingly large variability in their fractal dimensions. More broadly, our methods can be extended to resolve both static and dynamic morphology of general ensembles of disordered particles. Such general morphology has implications in topics such as solvent accessibilities in proteins, vibrational energy transfer by the hydrodynamic interaction of amino acids, and large-scale production of nanoscale structures by flame synthesis.
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141
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Liang M, Oon HH, Lim YL, Tan SH. A rare postmastectomy vascular rash. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:578-80. [PMID: 22712864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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142
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Martin AV, Loh ND, Hampton CY, Sierra RG, Wang F, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Frank M, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Liang M, Lomb L, Maia FRNC, Marchesini S, Nass K, Pedersoli E, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schulz J, Shoeman RL, Soltau H, Starodub D, Steinbrener J, Stellato F, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Weidenspointner G, White TA, Wunderer CB, Barty A, Schlichting I, Bogan MJ, Chapman HN. Femtosecond dark-field imaging with an X-ray free electron laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:13501-12. [PMID: 22714377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of femtosecond diffractive imaging with X-ray lasers has enabled pioneering structural studies of isolated particles, such as viruses, at nanometer length scales. However, the issue of missing low frequency data significantly limits the potential of X-ray lasers to reveal sub-nanometer details of micrometer-sized samples. We have developed a new technique of dark-field coherent diffractive imaging to simultaneously overcome the missing data issue and enable us to harness the unique contrast mechanisms available in dark-field microscopy. Images of airborne particulate matter (soot) up to two microns in length were obtained using single-shot diffraction patterns obtained at the Linac Coherent Light Source, four times the size of objects previously imaged in similar experiments. This technique opens the door to femtosecond diffractive imaging of a wide range of micrometer-sized materials that exhibit irreproducible complexity down to the nanoscale, including airborne particulate matter, small cells, bacteria and gold-labeled biological samples.
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143
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Zhang ZL, Zhu XJ, Wang X, Liang M, Sun J, Liu Y, Gao ZG, Wu JY, Dong XJ, Liu RK, Chen JT, Zhang YQ, Wang W, Zhang LP, Yin W. Interchangeability and tolerability of two inactivated hepatitis A vaccines in Chinese children. Vaccine 2012; 30:4028-33. [PMID: 22537990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In China, no data are available to evaluate the interchangeability between Chinese domestic inactivated hepatitis A vaccines (Healive) and imported inactivated hepatitis A vaccines (Havrix). A double-blind, randomized controlled study was to compare interchangeability and safety of Healive and Havrix among Chinese children. Vaccine was administered to 303 healthy children at 0 and 6 months in one of four vaccine regimens: Healive-Healive; Healive-Havrix; Havrix-Healive or Havrix-Havrix. We collected sera samples at 0 (before vaccination), 6 (before second dose) and 7 months (after second dose), and compared groups in terms of proportion of sero-conversions which is defined as ≥ 20 mIU/ml, and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody. Seroconversion rates were 133/133 (100%) for those received one dose of Healive and 105/131 (80.2%) for those received one dose of Havrix at 6 months, respectively (P<0.001), GMCs for Healive and Havrix were 126.1 and 40.9 mIU/ml (P<0.001), respectively. At 7 months, the seroconversion rate was 100% among all groups. The GMC after two doses of Healive was 8905.5 mIU/ml compared with 1900.9 mIU/ml after two doses of Havrix (P<0.001). The GMC in the Healive-Havrix group was 3275.8 mIU/ml compared with 4165.8 mIU/ml in the Havrix-Healive group (P=0.058). There is not different of reported adverse reactions across the groups. The present study indicated that both vaccines can be recommended for interchangeable using of immunization among Chinese healthy children.
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144
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Liu C, Yang B, Gan J, Zhang Y, Liang M, Shu X, Shu J. Heterogeneous reactions of suspended parathion, malathion, and fenthion particles with NO(3) radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:470-476. [PMID: 22226365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) emit into the atmosphere in both gas and particulate phases via spray drift from treatments and post-application emission, but most of their degradations in the atmosphere are not well known. In this study, the heterogeneous reactions of nitrate (NO(3)) radicals with three typical OPPs (parathion, malathion, and fenthion) absorbed on azelaic acid particles are investigated using an online vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). The reaction products observed with the VUV-ATOFMS are identified on the basis of GC/MS analysis of the products in the reaction between NO(3) radicals and the coating of the pesticide. Paraoxon is identified as the only product of parathion; malaoxon and bis(1,2-bis-ethoxycarbonylethyl)disulfide as the products of malathion; fenoxon, fenoxon sulfoxide, fenthion sulfoxide, fenoxon sulfone, and fenthion sulfone as the products of fenthion. The degradation rates of parathion, malathion, and fenthion under the experimental conditions are 5.5×10(-3), 5.6×10(-2), and 3.3×10(-2)s(-1), respectively. The pathways of the heterogeneous reactions between the three OPPs and NO(3) radicals are proposed. The experimental results reveal the possible transformations of these OPPs through the oxidation of NO(3) radicals in the atmosphere.
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145
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Torta DM, Liang M, Valentini E, Mouraux A, Iannetti GD. Dishabituation of laser-evoked EEG responses: dissecting the effect of certain and uncertain changes in stimulus spatial location. Exp Brain Res 2012; 218:361-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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146
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Sambo CF, Liang M, Cruccu G, Iannetti GD. Defensive peripersonal space: the blink reflex evoked by hand stimulation is increased when the hand is near the face. J Neurophysiol 2012; 107:880-9. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00731.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist may elicit a blink reflex [hand blink reflex (HBR)] mediated by a neural circuit at brain stem level. As, in a Sherringtonian sense, the blink reflex is a defensive response, in a series of experiments we tested, in healthy volunteers, whether and how the HBR is modulated by the proximity of the stimulated hand to the face. Electromyographic activity was recorded from the orbicularis oculi, bilaterally. We observed that the HBR is enhanced when the stimulated hand is inside the peripersonal space of the face, compared with when it is outside, irrespective of whether the proximity of the hand to the face is manipulated by changing the position of the arm ( experiment 1) or by rotating the head while keeping the arm position constant ( experiment 3). Experiment 2 showed that such HBR enhancement has similar magnitude when the participants have their eyes closed. Experiments 4 and 5 showed, respectively, that the blink reflex elicited by the electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve, as well as the N20 wave of the somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by the median nerve stimulation, are entirely unaffected by hand position. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that the brain stem circuits mediating the HBR in humans undergo tonic and selective top-down modulation from higher order cortical areas responsible for encoding the location of somatosensory stimuli in external space coordinates. These findings support the existence of a “defensive” peripersonal space, representing a safety margin advantageous for survival.
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147
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Sambo C, Liang M, Iannetti G. 18. Where is my hand? The blink reflex evoked by hand stimulation is increased when the hand enters the peripersonal space surrounding the face. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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148
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Liang M, Mouraux A, Iannetti GD. Bypassing primary sensory cortices--a direct thalamocortical pathway for transmitting salient sensory information. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:1-11. [PMID: 22275480 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection and appropriate reaction to sudden and intense events happening in the sensory environment is crucial for survival. By combining Bayesian model selection with dynamic causal modeling of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, a novel analysis approach that allows inferring the causality between neural activities in different brain areas, we demonstrate that salient sensory information reaches the multimodal cortical areas responsible for its detection directly from the thalamus, without being first processed in primary and secondary sensory-specific areas. This direct thalamocortical transmission of multimodal salient information is parallel to the processing of finer stimulus attributes, which are transmitted in a modality-specific fashion from the thalamus to the relevant primary sensory areas. Such direct thalamocortical connections bypassing primary sensory cortices provide a fast and efficient way for transmitting information from subcortical structures to multimodal cortical areas, to allow the early detection of salient events and, thereby, trigger immediate and appropriate behavior.
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149
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Haluska P, Huang J, Lam B, Liang M, Huang W, LoRusso P, Menefee ME, LaVallee T, Yao Y, Viner J. MEDI-573 as a novel approach to IGF-1R and IR-A signaling inhibition by blocking IGF ligands: Phase I PK/PD, safety data, and disease linkage studies in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
271 Background: MEDI-573 is a dual-targeting human antibody that neutralizes IGF-I/-II ligands and inhibits IGF-1R and insulin receptor-A (IR-A) signaling pathways, which play a role in breast and other epithelial cancers. By sparing IR-B and its hybrid receptors, MEDI-573 is expected to achieve antitumor activity without perturbing glucose homeostasis. Methods: In a 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial ( NCT00816361 ), patients with advanced solid tumors, KPS ≥ 60, received MEDI-573 as a weekly 1-hr IV infusion at 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg every 21 days. Objectives included determination of MTD, safety profile, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and tumor response. In a separate biomarker study, mRNA expression of IR-A and IR-B was compared in HR+/HER- breast cancers. Results: Patients included 13M/12F (17 evaluable for efficacy at data cutoff); median age 59 yrs (range 37-78). No DLTs, drug-related SAEs, or significant toxicity patterns were reported. Forty-five AEs were considered treatment-related (% of patients): decreased appetite (28%), fatigue (24%), nausea (20%), diarrhea (16%), and anemia (12%). Hyperglycemia occurred in 2 patients, 1 with evidence of prestudy insulin resistance. No other significant changes in plasma glucose levels occurred. MEDI-573 had dose-proportionality, with AUC of 415 ± 165, 597 ± 298, and 1940 ± 904 d*μg/mL at 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, respectively. Suppression of free IGF-1 and -2 was fully achieved at doses ≥ 5 mg/kg. Stable disease spanning ≥ 12 wks (range 12-36+) was seen in 6/17 patients. No antidrug antibodies were reported. In a study to identify breast cancer subsets that are dependent on IGF signaling, the IR-A:IR-B ratio was significantly higher in HR+/HER2- breast cancer than matched adjacent normal tissues and in proliferative luminal B than in luminal A breast cancer. Conclusions: MEDI-573 showed acceptable safety and favorable PK profiles without significant changes in glucose levels. The IR-A:IR-B ratio supports a biomarker approach for MEDI-573 patient stratification. A biomarker-rich phase Ib/II study of MEDI-573 with an aromatase inhibitor in patients with advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer opens in 2011.
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150
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Liu C, Gan J, Zhang Y, Liang M, Shu X, Shu J, Yang B. Heterogeneous Reaction of Suspended Phosmet Particles with NO3 Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10744-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205175p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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