176
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177
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Xu H, Kuo SW, Huang CF, Chang FC. Characterization of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-isobutylstyryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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178
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Kuo SW, Chan SC, Chang FC. Crystallization kinetics and morphology of binary phenolic/poly(?-caprolactone) blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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179
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180
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Chen HW, Jiang CH, Wu HD, Chang FC. Hydrogen bonding effect on the poly(ethylene oxide), phenolic resin, and lithium perchlorate-based solid-state electrolyte. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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181
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Chen HW, Xu H, Huang CF, Chang FC. Novel polymer electrolyte composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium triflate, and benzimidazole. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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182
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Xu H, Kuo SW, Lee JS, Chang FC. Preparations, Thermal Properties, and Tg Increase Mechanism of Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Polymers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0202843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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183
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Tseng CR, Wu SC, Wu JJ, Chang FC. Crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene nanocomposites for melt- and cold-crystallizations. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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184
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Xu H, Kuo SW, Lee JS, Chang FC. Glass transition temperatures of poly(hydroxystyrene-co-vinylpyrrolidone-co-isobutylstyryl polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes). POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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185
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Tsai CH, Lo SK, See LC, Chen HZ, Chen RS, Weng YH, Chang FC, Lu CS. Environmental risk factors of young onset Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2002; 104:328-33. [PMID: 12140099 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-8467(02)00027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, recent evidence suggests certain environmental factors, such as well water drinking, herbicides and pesticides exposure, and neurotoxins, may trigger the chain of oxidative reactions culminating in the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra to cause parkinsonism. Most studies to date focused on PD with old age onset. However, there is a peculiar group of parkinsonian patients, the young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), in whom the age of onset is before 40. It is intriguing to know whether earlier exposure to the putative neurotoxin(s) may contribute to the earlier onset. We therefore conducted this case-control study in which 60 PD patients, 30 YOPD patients and the same number of age- and sex-matched young controls were included. Using logistic regression, we found well water drinking and head injury were risk factors for the development of YOPD. When YOPD patients were compared with PD, we found head injury and exercise were the significant predictors. Keeping all other variables constant, head injury was a risk factor and exercise appeared to be a protective factor. We conclude early exposure to well water drinking and head trauma may trigger and expedite the appearance of parkinsonian features, but such acceleration may be prevented through regular exercise.
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186
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Kuo SW, Xu H, Huang CF, Chang FC. Significant glass-transition-temperature increase through hydrogen-bonded copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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187
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Kuo SW, Chang FC. Effect of inert diluent segment on the miscibility behavior of poly(vinylphenol) with poly(acetoxystyrene) blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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188
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Tseng CR, Wu JY, Lee HY, Chang FC. Preparation and characterization of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites by free-radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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189
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Kuo SW, Lin CL, Chang FC. The study of hydrogen bonding and miscibility in poly(vinylpyridines) with phenolic resin. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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190
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Kuo SW, Chan SC, Chang FC. Miscibility enhancement on the immiscible binary blend of poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) with bisphenol A. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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191
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Chen HW, Chiu CY, Chang FC. Conductivity enhancement mechanism of the poly(ethylene oxide)/modified-clay/LiClO4 systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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192
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Huang JM, Chang FC. Miscibility, melting, and crystallization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ether imide) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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193
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194
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Kuo SW, Lin CL, Chang FC. Phase Behavior and Hydrogen Bonding in Ternary Polymer Blends of Phenolic Resin/Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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195
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Tseng CR, Wu JY, Lee HY, Chang FC. Preparation and crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene–clay nanocomposites. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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196
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Chen HW, Chang FC. The novel polymer electrolyte nanocomposite composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium triflate and mineral clay. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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197
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Chen IM, Chang FC, Wang YS. Correlation of gas chromatographic properties of chlorobenzenes and polychlorinated biphenyls with the occurrence of reductive dechlorination by untamed microorganisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 45:223-229. [PMID: 11572614 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To understand the dechlorination ability of chlorobenzenes (CBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by untamed microorganisms under anaerobic condition and to correlate gas chromatographic properties with the occurrence of reductive dechlorination, introduction of CBs and PCBs in the culture medium inoculated with microorganisms from sludge and sediment, respectively, were performed. Three kinds of culture media preparing from sludge, river water and a synthetic medium were used in the experiments. HCB was degraded to 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB) and 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) in both sludge medium and synthetic medium with inoculated microorganisms. Three PCB congeners including 2,3,4-, 3,4,5- and 2,3,4,5-CBp (chlorinated biphenyl) were not found to be dechlorinated in the river water medium with inoculation culture but to be dechlorinated in the synthetic medium. MNDO methodology was used to compute theoretical dechlorination reaction heats and GC-ECD techniques were used to estimate chromatographic data of CB and PCB congeners. Both CB and PCB congeners showed that dechlorination by untamed microorganisms under anaerobic mixed cultures were more likely to occur when larger amounts of energy were released and greater deltaln RRT value between the parent congener and the daughter product was observed. Deltaln RRT provided a more precise information on the singularity of PCBs ortho-dechlorination in an aspect of thermodynamic favorable rule.
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Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), expressed in widely distributed regions of the central nervous system (CNS), mediates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic components of responses to stressors. Sleep, a fundamental CNS process, is altered in response to a variety of stressors. Although there is an extensive literature on the role of CRH in responses to stressors, there is relatively little information on the role of CRH in normal, spontaneous behavior. We hypothesize that CRH is involved in the regulation of waking in the absence of overt stressors. Some of the early evidence supporting this hypothesis was indirect. We summarize in this review studies from our laboratory and others that provide direct evidence that CRH is involved in the regulation of spontaneous waking. We also suggest on the basis of recent studies that some effects of CRH on waking and sleep may be mediated by actions within the CNS of the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1. Collectively, these observations suggest that CRH contributes to the regulation of spontaneous waking in the absence of stressors, and also indicate a potential mechanism mediating complex alterations in sleep that occur in response to immune challenge.
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Li W, Chang FC, Desiderio S. Rag-1 mutations associated with B-cell-negative scid dissociate the nicking and transesterification steps of V(D)J recombination. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:3935-46. [PMID: 11359901 PMCID: PMC87056 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.12.3935-3946.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients with B-cell-negative severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) carry mutations in RAG-1 or RAG-2 that impair V(D)J recombination. Two recessive RAG-1 mutations responsible for B-cell-negative SCID, R621H and E719K, impair V(D)J recombination without affecting formation of single-site recombination signal sequence complexes, specific DNA contacts, or perturbation of DNA structure at the heptamer-coding junction. The E719K mutation impairs DNA cleavage by the RAG complex, with a greater effect on nicking than on transesterification; a conservative glutamine substitution exhibits a similar effect. When cysteine is substituted for E719, RAG-1 activity is enhanced in Mn(2+) but remains impaired in Mg(2+), suggesting an interaction between this residue and an essential metal ion. The R621H mutation partially impairs nicking, with little effect on transesterification. The residual nicking activity of the R621H mutant is reduced at least 10-fold upon a change from pH 7.0 to pH 8.4. Site-specific nicking is severely impaired by an alanine substitution at R621 but is spared by substitution with lysine. These observations are consistent with involvement of a positively charged residue at position 621 in the nicking step of the RAG-mediated cleavage reaction. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation for one form of hereditary SCID. Moreover, while RAG-1 is directly involved in catalysis of both nicking and transesterification, our observations indicate that these two steps have distinct catalytic requirements.
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Shen SH, Lirng JF, Chang FC, Lee JY, Luo CB, Chen SS, Teng MM, Chang CY. Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of intradural spinal lipoma. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 2001; 64:364-8. [PMID: 11534805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Intradural spinal lipoma not associated with spinal dysraphism is a rare tumor often presenting with nonspecific symptoms and indolent clinical course. Its intradural location and fat component is the key for proper preoperative diagnosis, which could hardly be made by traditional imaging studies including plain film and myelography. Both CT and MRI can reveal the fat component of the tumor, but MRI is superior to CT in demonstrating its relationship with adjacent normal nerve tissue. We report a 32-year-old man who had back pain for years and the symptom progressed rapidly in recent two months. MRI revealed an intradural tumor at T12 level with high signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The signal intensity dropped dramatically with fat saturation technique, which confirmed fat as its main component. The patient received surgery and the tumor was proved to be an intraspinal lipoma.
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