176
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Jin C, Liu J, Chen Y, Zeng L, Guan R, Ouyang C, Ji L, Chao H. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Two-Photon Phosphorescent Probes for Specific Mitochondrial Dynamics Tracking in Living Cells. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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177
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Qiu K, Yu B, Huang H, Zhang P, Huang J, Zou S, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A dendritic nano-sized hexanuclear ruthenium(II) complex as a one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vector. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10707. [PMID: 26185052 PMCID: PMC4505312 DOI: 10.1038/srep10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent tracking gene delivery could provide us with a better understanding of the critical steps in the transfection process. However, for in vivo tracking applications, a small diameter (<10 nm) is one of the rigorous requirements for tracking vectors. Herein, we have demonstrated a new paradigm for two-photon tracking gene delivery based on a dendritic nano-sized hexanuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex. Because this metallodendrimer has a multivalent periphery, the complex, which is 6.1 nm, showed high stability and excellent dispersibility and could stepwise condense DNA in vitro. With the outstanding photochemical properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl, this complex could track gene delivery in vivo using one- and two-photon imaging.
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178
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Du K, Liang J, Wang Y, Kou J, Qian C, Ji L, Chao H. Dual inhibition of topoisomerases I and IIα by ruthenium(II) complexes containing asymmetric tridentate ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:17303-16. [PMID: 25315107 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five novel ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(dtzp)(dppt)](2+) (1), [Ru(dtzp)(pti)](2+) (2), [Ru(dtzp)(ptn)](2+) (3), [Ru(dtzp)(pta)](2+) (4) and [Ru(dtzp)(ptp)](2+) (5) (where dtzp = 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine, dppt = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-5,6-diphenyl-as-triazine), pti = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-as-triazino-[5,6-f]isatin, ptn = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]naphthalene, pta = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]acenaphthylene, and ptp = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]-phenanthrene), were synthesised and characterised. The structures of complexes 3-5 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The DNA binding behaviours of the complexes were studied by spectroscopic and viscosity measurements. The results suggested that the Ru(II) complexes, except for complex 1, bind to DNA in an intercalative mode. Topoisomerase inhibition and DNA strand passage assay confirmed that Ru(II) complexes 3, 4, and 5 acted as efficient dual inhibitors of topoisomerases I and IIα. In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that these complexes exhibited anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. Ruthenium(ii) complexes were confirmed to preferentially accumulate in the nucleus of cancer cells and induced DNA damage. Flow cytometric analysis and AO/EB staining assays indicated that these complexes induced cell apoptosis. With the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the Ru(ii) complexes induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.
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179
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Liu J, Chen Y, Li G, Zhang P, Jin C, Zeng L, Ji L, Chao H. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as mitochondria-targeted two-photon photodynamic anticancer agents. Biomaterials 2015; 56:140-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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180
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Chen X, Sun L, Chen Y, Cheng X, Wu W, Ji L, Chao H. A fast and selective two-photon phosphorescent probe for the imaging of nitric oxide in mitochondria. Biomaterials 2015; 58:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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181
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Xu L, Chen X, Wu J, Wang J, Ji L, Chao H. Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes That Induce and Stabilise G-Quadruplex DNA. Chemistry 2015; 21:4008-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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182
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Yu B, Ouyang C, Qiu K, Zhao J, Ji L, Chao H. Lipophilic Tetranuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Two-Photon Luminescent Tracking Non-Viral Gene Vectors. Chemistry 2015; 21:3691-700. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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183
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Chen Y, Xu W, Zuo J, Ji L, Chao H. Dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes as phosphorescent trackers to monitor mitochondrial dynamics. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3306-3314. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes [(ppy)2Ir(L1–7)Ir(ppy)2]2+ (Ir1–Ir7) serve as mitochondrial imaging dyes. Ir3 and Ir6 are further developed to track mitochondrial morphological changes during the early stages of apoptosis.
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184
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Jin C, Liu J, Chen Y, Li G, Guan R, Zhang P, Ji L, Chao H. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives for mitochondrial imaging in living cells. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7538-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new series of cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives, MitoIr1–MitoIr7, were developed to image mitochondria in living cells.
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185
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Qiu K, Yu B, Huang H, Zhang P, Ji L, Chao H. Tetranuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes with oligo-oxyethylene linkers as one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vectors. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7058-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Four tetranuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes Ru1–Ru4 based on oligo-oxyethylene and polybenzimidazole have been developed as one- and two-photon luminescent tracking non-viral gene vectors.
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186
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Huang H, Zhang P, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Labile ruthenium(ii) complexes with extended phenyl-substituted terpyridyl ligands: synthesis, aquation and anticancer evaluation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15602-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that the anticancer activities of labile Ru(ii) complexes can be efficiently tuned by chelating with different phenyl-substituted terpyridyl ligands.
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187
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Yu B, Chen Y, Hong M, Duan P, Gan S, Chao H, Zhao Z, Zhao J. Rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation of hydrazines leads to isoquinolones with tunable aggregation-induced emission properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14365-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a RhIII-catalyzed synthesis of isoquinolonesviaC–H activation/annulation of benzoylhydrazines and alkynes for AIE studies.
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188
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Qiu K, Huang H, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhang P, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Mitochondria-specific imaging and tracking in living cells with two-photon phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6690-6697. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of iridium(iii) complexes with morpholine moiety were developed to act as two-photon phosphorescent mitochondrial probes in living cells and 3D multicellular spheroids.
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189
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190
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Huang H, Zhang P, Chen H, Ji L, Chao H. Comparison between polypyridyl and cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes: anticancer activities against 2D and 3D cancer models. Chemistry 2014; 21:715-25. [PMID: 25388328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to illustrate the dramatically different anticancer activities between coordinatively saturated polypyridyl (1 a-4 a) and cyclometalated (1 b-4 b) ruthenium(II) complexes. The cyclometalated complexes 1 b-4 b function as DNA transcription inhibitors, exhibiting switch-on cytotoxicity against a 2D cancer cell monolayer, whereas the polypyridyl complexes 1 a-4 a are relatively inactive. Moreover, complexes 1 b-4 b exhibit excellent cytotoxicity against 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), which serve as an intermediate model between in vitro 2D cell monolayers and in vivo 3D solid tumors. The hydrophobicity, efficient cell uptake, and nucleus targeting ability, as well as the high DNA binding affinity of complexes 1 b-4 b, likely contribute to their enhanced anticancer activity. We surmise that cyclometalation could be a universal approach to significantly enhance the anticancer activity of substituted polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes. We also suggest that 3D MCTSs may be a more practical platform for anticancer drug screening than 2D cancer monolayer approaches.
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191
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Chao H, Hagberg BA, Riggleman RA. The distribution of homogeneously grafted nanoparticles in polymer thin films and blends. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8083-8094. [PMID: 25171774 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are an important and growing class of materials where nanoparticles are mixed in a polymer matrix. Much of the interest in polymer nanocomposites is derived from the nanoparticles' ability to impart properties to the polymer not commonly found in polymer materials, such as tunable optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Grafting polymer chains to the surface of a nanoparticle is one of the most common routes towards promoting dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. However, we only understand the thermodynamics of grafted nanoparticles in a polymer matrix in the simplest of cases, and this problem is exacerbated by the lack of theoretical and computational tools capable of efficiently predicting the structure of phase separated grafted nanoparticle/polymer blends. In this work, we extend a recently developed field theoretic framework to study the distribution of homogeneously grafted nanoparticles in homopolymer thin films and blends. We demonstrate that our method reproduces trends observed experimentally in homopolymer thin films, and then we examine how the nanoparticle size, grafting density, and the length of the grafted chains relative to the matrix chains affects the distribution of the grafted nanoparticles in phase separated polymer blends. We find that position of the nanoparticles relative to the interface in the blends is sensitive to the brush conformation, even when the nanoparticles are miscible in one of the two homopolymer phases.
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192
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Huang H, Zhang P, Yu B, Chen Y, Wang J, Ji L, Chao H. Targeting Nucleus DNA with a Cyclometalated Dipyridophenazineruthenium(II) Complex. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8971-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501095r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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193
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Li G, Lin Q, Ji L, Chao H. Phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes as multicolour probes for imaging of hypochlorite ions in mitochondria. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7918-7926. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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194
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Liu Y, Chao H. The expression of WNT/β-catenin pathway factors on endometrium cells of in-vitro model of embryo implantation. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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195
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Liang JW, Wang Y, Du KJ, Li GY, Guan RL, Ji LN, Chao H. Synthesis, DNA interaction and anticancer activity of copper(II) complexes with 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 141:17-27. [PMID: 25172994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three novel copper(II) complexes CuL(1)Cl2 (1) (L(1)=4'-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6'- 2″-terpyridine), CuL(2)Cl2 (2) (L(2)=4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2':6'-2″-terpyridine) and CuL(3)Cl2 (3) (L(3)=4'-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,2':6'-2″-terpyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. Absorption spectral titration experiments, ethidium bromide displacement assays, and cyclic voltammetric experiments were carried out and the results suggested that these complexes bound to DNA through an intercalative mode. Moreover, these complexes were found to cleave pBR322 DNA efficiently in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and exhibited good anticancer activity against HeLa, Hep-G2 and BEL-7402 cell lines. Nuclear chromatin cleavage was also observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining assays and comet assays. These results demonstrated that these three Cu(II) complexes caused DNA damage and induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed the participation of reactive oxygen species which can be trapped by reactive oxygen species (ROS) radical scavengers and ROS sensors.
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196
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Zhang P, Wang J, Huang H, Chen H, Guan R, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. RuNH2@AuNPs as two-photon luminescent probes for thiols in living cells and tissues. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9003-11. [PMID: 25103232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon luminescent sensors have emerged as promising molecular tools for imaging biomolecules in living systems. Here, we present hybrid gold nanocomposites RuNH2@AuNPs as luminescence off-on probes in response to thiols, which can replace the Ru(II) complexes on the surfaces of the AuNPs to release the luminophore RuNH2. The liberated Ru(II) complexes exhibit strong two-photon luminescence and a large two-photon absorption cross section by using the two-photon excitation wavelength at 800 nm. Furthermore, the probe responses toward thiols with high selectivity and insensitivity to pH over the biologically relevant pH range. This two-photon probe can visualize biological thiols levels in live cells as well as in living mouse tissues at depths of 80-170 μm by two-photon microscopy.
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197
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Xu L, Chen Y, Wei H, Wu W, Li Z, Lin Y, Chao H, Ji L. DNA binding properties and cytotoxic activities of two trinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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198
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Qian C, Wang JQ, Song CL, Wang LL, Ji LN, Chao H. The induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells by ruthenium(II) asymmetric complexes. Metallomics 2014; 5:844-54. [PMID: 23483103 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Four ruthenium(ii) asymmetric complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(PAIDH)](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, PAIDH = 2-pyridyl-1H-anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione, ), [Ru(phen)2(PAIDH)](2+) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, ), [Ru(dmp)2(PAIDH)](2+) (dmp = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, ) and [Ru(dip)2(PAIDH)](2+) (dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, ), have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes displayed potent anti-proliferation activity against various cancer cell lines and had high selectivity between tumor cells and normal cells. HeLa cells exhibited the highest sensitivity to complex , accounting for the greatest cellular uptake. Complex was shown to accumulate preferentially in the mitochondria of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, which involved ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarisation, and Bcl-2 and caspase family members activation. These results demonstrated that complex induced cancer cell apoptosis by acting on mitochondrial pathways.
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199
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Xu W, Zuo J, Wang L, Ji L, Chao H. Dinuclear ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes as single and two-photon luminescence cellular imaging probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2123-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48916g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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200
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Chen Y, Qiao L, Ji L, Chao H. Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes as multicolor probes for specific mitochondrial imaging and tracking. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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