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Abdulkadir M, Larsen JT, Clausen L, Hübel C, Albiñana C, Thornton LM, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Bulik CM, Yilmaz Z, Petersen LV. Descriptives and genetic correlates of eating disorder diagnostic transitions and presumed remission in the Danish registry. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.05.24313142. [PMID: 39281730 PMCID: PMC11398592 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.05.24313142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric disorders with an estimated 3.3 million healthy life-years lost worldwide yearly. Understanding the course of illness, diagnostic transitions and remission, and their associated genetic correlates could inform both ED etiology and treatment. The authors investigated occurrences of ED transitions and presumed remission and their genetic correlates as captured by polygenic scores (PGSs) in a large Danish register-based cohort. Methods The sample compromised of 10,565 individuals with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) with at least two registered hospital contacts between 1995 and 2018. Based on medical records, occurrence of diagnostic transitions and periods of presumed remission were identified. Associations between 422 PGS and diagnostic transitions and presumed remission were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results A minority of ED cases (14.1%-23.1%) experienced a diagnostic transition. Presumed remission ranged between 86.9%-89.8%. Higher (one SD increase) PGS for major depressive disorder and multisite chronic pain were positively associated with transitioning from AN to either BN or EDNOS. Higher PGS on a measure of body fat percentage and financial difficulties were positively associated with presumed remission from AN. Higher PGS for mood swings was positively associated with presumed remission from EDNOS whereas higher PGS for health rating showed the opposite. Conclusions The authors found that most ED patients did not experience diagnostic transitions but were more likely to experience a period of presumed remission. Both diagnostic transitions and presumed remission have significant polygenic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulkadir
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne Tidselbak Larsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher Hübel
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Clara Albiñana
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomics Mechanisms of Diseases, the Broad Insitute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
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González-Rodríguez L, González LM, García-Herráiz A, Mota-Zamorano S, Flores I, Gervasini G. Association of OPRD1 Gene Variants with Changes in Body Weight and Psychometric Indicators in Patients with Eating Disorders. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5189. [PMID: 39274402 PMCID: PMC11396092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether genetic variations in the OPRD1 gene affect psychopathological symptoms and personality dimensions in eating disorders (ED) patients and/or contribute to ED risk. Methods: The study involved 221 female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 88 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 396 controls. Sixteen tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPRD1 were identified. Psychometric evaluations were conducted using the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) and the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 (EDI-2). p-values obtained by regression models were corrected for multiple testing by the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method. Results: In AN patients, genotypes rs204077TT and rs169450TT were linked to lower body-mass index (BMI) values (FDR-q = 0.035 and 0.017, respectively), as was rs2234918 in a log-additive model (BMI: 18.0 ± 0.28, 17.22 ± 0.18 and 16.59 ± 0.39 for TT, TC and CC carriers, FDR-q = 0.012). Additionally, AN patients carrying the rs72665504AA genotype had higher scores in interpersonal distrust (FDR-q = 0.030), whilst BN carriers of rs513269TT and rs2873795TT showed lower scores in ineffectiveness (FDR-q = 0.041 and FDR-q = 0.021). In the AN group, BMI correlated with variability in a distal haplotype (rs508448/rs204077/rs223491, FDR-q = 0.028), which was also associated with the global positive symptom total (PST) index of SCL-90R (FDR-q = 0.048). Associations were more noticeable in BN patients; again, the distal region of the gene was linked to EDI-2 total scores (FDR-q = 0.004-0.048 for the four last haplotypes) and two global SCL-90R indices (GSI: FDR-q = 0.011 and positive symptom distress index (PSDI): FDR-q = 0.003 for the last s204077/rs2234918/rs169450 combination). No associations with ED risk were observed. Conclusions: Genetic variation in the OPRD1 gene, particularly in its distal region, is associated with BMI and psychopathological comorbidities in ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luz María González
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06010 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isalud Flores
- Eating Disorders Unit, Health Service of Extremadura, 06010 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06010 Badajoz, Spain
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Carvalho Silva R, Martini P, Hohoff C, Mattevi S, Bortolomasi M, Abate M, Menesello V, Gennarelli M, Baune BT, Minelli A. Unraveling epigenomic signatures and effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression patients: a prospective longitudinal study. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:93. [PMID: 39020437 PMCID: PMC11256624 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) benefits patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but the underlying biological processes are unclear. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study in 32 TRD patients undergoing ECT to depict ECT-associated methylation changes. Illness severity and ECT outcomes were assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale at baseline (T0) and 1 month after its end (T1). Methylation was profiled at T0 and T1 with the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. RESULTS Longitudinal T0-T1 analyses showed 3 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) with nominal p values ≤ 10-5, with 2 annotated in the genes CYB5B and PVRL4. Including covariates, we found 4 DMPs for symptoms variation, annotated in FAM20C, EPB41, OTUB1 and ADARB1, and 3 DMPs for response status, with 2 annotated in IQCE and FAM20C. Regional analysis revealed 54 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with nominal p value area ≤ 0.05, with 9 presenting adjusted p-value area ≤ 0.10, annotated in MCF2L, SLC25A24, RUNX3, MIR637, FOXK2, FAM180B, POU6F1, ALS2CL and CCRL2. Considering covariates, we found 21 DMRs for symptoms variation and 26 DMRs for response (nominal p value area ≤ 0.05), with 4 presenting adjusted p-value area ≤ 0.10 for response, annotated in SNORD34, NLRP6, GALNT2 and SFT2D3. None remained significant after false discovery rate correction. Notably, ADARB1 variants are associated with suicide attempt in patients with psychiatric disorders, and SLC25A24 relates to conduct disorder. Several DMPs and DMRs are annotated in genes associated with inflammatory/immune processes. Longitudinal analyses on females (n = 22) revealed statistically significant DMRs (adjusted p value area ≤ 0.05) and trend-significant DMRs (adjusted p value area ≤ 0.07) for symptoms variation and response status, annotated in genes related to psychiatric disorders (ZFP57, POLD4, TRIM10, GAS7, ADORA2A, TOLLIP), trauma exposure (RIPOR2) and inflammatory/immune responses (LAT, DLX4, POLD4, FAM30A, H19). Pathway analysis on females revealed enrichment for transcriptional activity, growth factors, DNA maintenance, and immune pathways including IRF7 and IRF2. CONCLUSION Although no significant results were found for the whole cohort, the study provides insights into ECT-associated methylation changes, highlighting DMPs and DMRs related to ECT outcomes. Analyses on females revealed significant DMRs and pathways related to psychiatric disorders and inflammatory/immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Martini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Christa Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefania Mattevi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Abate
- Psychiatric Hospital "Villa Santa Chiara", Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Menesello
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Papini NM, Presseller E, Bulik CM, Holde K, Larsen JT, Thornton LM, Albiñana C, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Mortensen PB, Yilmaz Z, Petersen LV. Interplay of polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial factors in anorexia nervosa risk: a nationwide study. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2073-2086. [PMID: 38347808 PMCID: PMC11323254 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated. METHODS Participants were individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008 including nationwide-representative data from the iPSYCH2015, and Danish AN cases from the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative and Eating Disorder Genetics Initiative cohorts. A total of 7003 individuals with AN and 45 229 individuals without a registered AN diagnosis were included. We included 22 AN risk factors from Danish registers. RESULTS Risk factors showing association with PRS for AN included urbanicity, parental ages, genitourinary tract infection, and parental socioeconomic factors. Risk factors showed the expected association to AN risk, and this association was only slightly attenuated when adjusted for parental history of psychiatric disorders or/and for the AN PRS. The interaction analyses revealed a differential effect of AN PRS according to the level of the following risk factors: sex, maternal age, genitourinary tract infection, C-section, parental socioeconomic factors and psychiatric history. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for interactions between AN PRS and certain risk-factors, illustrating potential diverse risk pathways to AN diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Papini
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily Presseller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrine Holde
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne T Larsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clara Albiñana
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte V Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Norris ML, Obeid N, El-Emam K. Examining the role of artificial intelligence to advance knowledge and address barriers to research in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1357-1368. [PMID: 38597344 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a brief overview of artificial intelligence (AI) application within the field of eating disorders (EDs) and propose focused solutions for research. METHOD An overview and summary of AI application pertinent to EDs with focus on AI's ability to address issues relating to data sharing and pooling (and associated privacy concerns), data augmentation, as well as bias within datasets is provided. RESULTS In addition to clinical applications, AI can utilize useful tools to help combat commonly encountered challenges in ED research, including issues relating to low prevalence of specific subpopulations of patients, small overall sample sizes, and bias within datasets. DISCUSSION There is tremendous potential to embed and utilize various facets of artificial intelligence (AI) to help improve our understanding of EDs and further evaluate and investigate questions that ultimately seek to improve outcomes. Beyond the technology, issues relating to regulation of AI, establishing ethical guidelines for its application, and the trust of providers and patients are all needed for ultimate adoption and acceptance into ED practice. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promise of significant potential within the realm of eating disorders (EDs) and encompasses a broad set of techniques that offer utility in various facets of ED research and by extension delivery of clinical care. Beyond the technology, issues relating to regulation, establishing ethical guidelines for application, and the trust of providers and patients are needed for the ultimate adoption and acceptance of AI into ED practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Obeid
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaled El-Emam
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Yu Z, Guo M, Yu B, Wang Y, Yan Z, Gao R. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a Mendelian randomization study of gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396932. [PMID: 38784806 PMCID: PMC11111991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) poses a significant challenge to global public health. Despite extensive research, conclusive evidence regarding the association between gut microbes and the risk of AN and BN remains elusive. Mendelian randomization (MR) methods offer a promising avenue for elucidating potential causal relationships. Materials and methods Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets of AN and BN were retrieved from the OpenGWAS database for analysis. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms closely associated with 196 gut bacterial taxa from the MiBioGen consortium were identified as instrumental variables. MR analysis was conducted utilizing R software, with outlier exclusion performed using the MR-PRESSO method. Causal effect estimation was undertaken employing four methods, including Inverse variance weighted. Sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis, horizontal multivariate analysis, and assessment of causal directionality were carried out to assess the robustness of the findings. Results A total of 196 bacterial taxa spanning six taxonomic levels were subjected to analysis. Nine taxa demonstrating potential causal relationships with AN were identified. Among these, five taxa, including Peptostreptococcaceae, were implicated as exerting a causal effect on AN risk, while four taxa, including Gammaproteobacteria, were associated with a reduced risk of AN. Similarly, nine taxa exhibiting potential causal relationships with BN were identified. Of these, six taxa, including Clostridiales, were identified as risk factors for increased BN risk, while three taxa, including Oxalobacteraceae, were deemed protective factors. Lachnospiraceae emerged as a common influence on both AN and BN, albeit with opposing effects. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected for significant estimates. Conclusion Through MR analysis, we revealed the potential causal role of 18 intestinal bacterial taxa in AN and BN, including Lachnospiraceae. It provides new insights into the mechanistic basis and intervention targets of gut microbiota-mediated AN and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manping Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Works Station, Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Yuncheng, China
| | - Binyang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zian Yan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huckins LM, Brennand K, Bulik CM. Dissecting the biology of feeding and eating disorders. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:380-391. [PMID: 38431502 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are heterogenous and characterized by varying patterns of dysregulated eating and weight. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are clarifying their underlying biology and their genetic relationship to other psychiatric and metabolic/anthropometric traits. Genetic research on anorexia nervosa (AN) has identified eight significant loci and uncovered genetic correlations implicating both psychiatric and metabolic/anthropometric risk factors. Careful explication of these metabolic contributors may be key to developing effective and enduring treatments for devastating, life-altering, and frequently lethal illnesses. We discuss clinical phenomenology, genomics, phenomics, intestinal microbiota, and functional genomics and propose a path that translates variants to genes, genes to pathways, and pathways to metabolic outcomes to advance the science and eventually treatment of FEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kristen Brennand
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Maussion G, Rocha C, Ramoz N. iPSC-derived models for anorexia nervosa research. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:339-349. [PMID: 38472034 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with genetic and epigenetic components that results in reduced food intake combined with alterations in the reward-processing network. While studies of patient cohorts and mouse models have uncovered genes and epigenetic changes associated with the disease, neuronal networks and brain areas preferentially activated and metabolic changes associated with reduced food intake, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown. The use of both 2D in vitro cultures and 3D models, namely organoids and spheroids, derived from either human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), would allow identification of cell type-specific changes associated with AN and comorbid diseases, to study preferential connections between brain areas and organs, and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Maussion
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Cecilia Rocha
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris 75014, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, CMME, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris F-75014, France
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9
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Hübel C, Abdulkadir M, Herle M, Palmos AB, Loos RJF, Breen G, Micali N, Bulik CM. Persistent thinness and anorexia nervosa differ on a genomic level. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:117-124. [PMID: 37474786 PMCID: PMC10772076 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thinness and anorexia nervosa are both characterised by persistent low weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa concurrently report distorted perceptions of their body and engage in weight-loss behaviours, whereas individuals with thinness often wish to gain weight. Both conditions are heritable and share genomics with BMI, but are not genetically correlated with each other. Based on their pattern of genetic associations with other traits, we explored differences between thinness and anorexia nervosa on a genomic level. In Part 1, using publicly available data, we compared genetic correlations of persistent thinness/anorexia nervosa with eleven psychiatric disorders. In Part 2, we identified individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) by latent class growth analysis of measured BMI from 10 to 24 years (n = 6594) and evaluated associations with psychiatric and anthropometric polygenic scores. In Part 1, in contrast to the positive genetic correlations of anorexia nervosa with various psychiatric disorders, persistent thinness showed negative genetic correlations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rgAN = 0.08 vs. rgPT = -0.30), alcohol dependence (rgAN = 0.07 vs. rgPT = -0.44), major depressive disorder (rgAN = 0.27 vs. rgPT = -0.18) and post-traumatic stress disorder (rgAN = 0.26 vs. rgPT = -0.20). In Part 2, individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the ALSPAC had lower borderline personality disorder polygenic scores (OR = 0.77; Q = 0.01). Overall, results suggest that genetic variants associated with thinness are negatively associated with psychiatric disorders and therefore thinness may be differentiable from anorexia nervosa on a genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Abdulkadir
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Herle
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alish B Palmos
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Hong JH, Jin EH, Sung JK, Chang IA, Kang H, Lee SI. Association of lncRNA SOX2OT rs9839776 polymorphism with gastric cancer risk in Korean: Case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35103. [PMID: 37904476 PMCID: PMC10615517 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the long non-coding RNA SRY-box transcription factor 2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) has been reported in various diseases including gastric cancer (GC). However, an association between the well-studied rs9839776 single nucleotide polymorphism in SOX2OT and GC susceptibility has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the rs9839776 single nucleotide polymorphism in SOX2OT and GC risk. Genotyping of rs9839776 was conducted using TaqMan genotyping assay for 460 patients with GC and 386 controls. We found that the dominant model (CT+TT) and rs9839776 T allele were significantly associated with decreased GC risk (P = .046, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52-1.00 and P = .044, AOR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56-0.99, respectively). In addition, stratified analysis revealed that the dominant model (CT+TT) and rs9839776 T allele were significantly associated with decreased risk of lymph node metastasis-negative (P = .039, AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.46-0.98 and P = .049, AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-1.00, respectively) and tumor stage I (A+B)/II (A+B+C) (P = .028, AOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50-0.96 and P = .041, AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.52-0.99, respectively) GC. Our findings suggest that the rs9839776 T allele may be a protective factor against GC susceptibility. Further research is needed to clarify whether rs9839776 affects SOX2OT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jin
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ae Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Xia X, He SY, Zhang XL, Wang D, He Q, Xiao QA, Yang Y. The causality between gut microbiome and anorexia nervosa: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1290246. [PMID: 37928686 PMCID: PMC10620704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Nutrient production by intestinal microbiota corresponds to regulate appetite while gut microbial composition was influenced by diet ingestion. However, the causal relationship between gut microbial taxa and anorexia nervosa (AN) remains unclear. Mendelian Randomization (MR) is a novel research method that effectively eliminates the interference of confounding factors and allows for the exploration of the direct causal effects between exposure and outcome. This study employs MR to explore the causal effect between AN and specific gut microbiome. Methods Large-scale Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data of AN and 211 gut microbes were obtained from the IEU open GWAS project and Mibiogen Consortium. Two-sample MR was performed to determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AN. Furthermore, a bi-directional MR analysis was to examine the direction of the causal relations. The Bonferroni correction test was used to adjust potential correlations among microbial taxa. Result In forward MR analysis, 10specific gut microbial taxa have an impact on the occurrence of AN (the p value of IVW <0.05). The high abundance of Genus Eubacteriumnodatumgroup ID: 11297 (OR:0.78, 95% CI:0.62-0.98, p = 0.035) and Class Melainabacteria ID: 1589 (OR:0.72, 95% CI:0.51-0.99, p = 0.045) may be considered protective factors for AN. But after Bonferroni correction, only Class Actinobacteria ID:419 (OR:1.53, 95% CI:1.19-1.96, p = 0.00089) remained significantly associated and high abundance of Class Actinobacteria ID:419 considered as a risk factor for AN. In the reverse MR analysis, AN influences 8 gut microbial taxa with none-statistically significant associations after adjustment. Conclusion We identified a significant correlation between AN and 18 microbial taxa which have not been previously reported. Among them, 10 kinds of gut bacteria may affect the occurrence of AN, and the status of AN would affect 8 kinds of gut bacteria. After correction, the Class Actinobacteria ID:419 continued to exert an influence on AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shu-yang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yiling People’s Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qian He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Ao Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yiling People’s Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang, China
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12
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Paszynska E, Hernik A, Rangé H, Amaechi BT, Gross GS, Pawinska M. Diet Traps during Eating Disorders among Dentate Patients at an Oral Health Glance. Nutrients 2023; 15:4414. [PMID: 37892489 PMCID: PMC10610111 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons suffering from eating disorders (ED) may often experience a recurrence/persistence symptoms despite the completion of psychiatric therapy. In most cases, their general health status is linked to current nutritional behaviors. Medical professionals, general practitioners (GPs), dieticians, and dentists may see those patients in their practices. At the same time, due to low sense of illness, some patients may delay or never seek professional medical care. The aim of this article is to analyze the main ED types according to dietary behaviors causing oral health problems and discuss oral health complications in affected dentate patients. The second objective is to update oral preventive measures and technological innovations together with active agents for oral hygiene care that might effectively support oral health maintenance during the presence of long-term symptoms. The research method involved a review of clinical reports as a synthesis of the electronic research in the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the research, ED patients were found to present related incidences of oral complications. Studies have reported that the possible course of an ED and comorbidities may be an imbalance in the oral environment. The results showed an association between biological (malnutrition, etc.), behavioral (binge eating episodes, vomiting, acidic diet, poor oral hygiene), and pharmacotherapeutic (addiction, hyposalivation) factors that may threaten oral health. Early diagnosis of the past and present symptoms is essential to eliminate and take control of destructive behaviors. Oral changes need to be tackled with medical insight, and additionally, the perception of dietary interactions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Rennes, CHU de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Georgiana S. Gross
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Malgorzata Pawinska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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13
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Han CZ, Li RZ, Hansen E, Trescott S, Fixsen BR, Nguyen CT, Mora CM, Spann NJ, Bennett HR, Poirion O, Buchanan J, Warden AS, Xia B, Schlachetzki JCM, Pasillas MP, Preissl S, Wang A, O'Connor C, Shriram S, Kim R, Schafer D, Ramirez G, Challacombe J, Anavim SA, Johnson A, Gupta M, Glass IA, Levy ML, Haim SB, Gonda DD, Laurent L, Hughes JF, Page DC, Blurton-Jones M, Glass CK, Coufal NG. Human microglia maturation is underpinned by specific gene regulatory networks. Immunity 2023; 56:2152-2171.e13. [PMID: 37582369 PMCID: PMC10529991 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Microglia phenotypes are highly regulated by the brain environment, but the transcriptional networks that specify the maturation of human microglia are poorly understood. Here, we characterized stage-specific transcriptomes and epigenetic landscapes of fetal and postnatal human microglia and acquired corresponding data in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia, in cerebral organoids, and following engraftment into humanized mice. Parallel development of computational approaches that considered transcription factor (TF) co-occurrence and enhancer activity allowed prediction of shared and state-specific gene regulatory networks associated with fetal and postnatal microglia. Additionally, many features of the human fetal-to-postnatal transition were recapitulated in a time-dependent manner following the engraftment of iPSC cells into humanized mice. These data and accompanying computational approaches will facilitate further efforts to elucidate mechanisms by which human microglia acquire stage- and disease-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Z Han
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rick Z Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emily Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samantha Trescott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bethany R Fixsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Celina T Nguyen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristina M Mora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hunter R Bennett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivier Poirion
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martina P Pasillas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Shreya Shriram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roy Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Danielle Schafer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriela Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jean Challacombe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Samuel A Anavim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Avalon Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mihir Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego-Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Sharona Ben Haim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David D Gonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego-Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Louise Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - David C Page
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92696, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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14
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Gomez L, Díaz-Torres S, Colodro-Conde L, Garcia-Marin LM, Yap CX, Byrne EM, Yengo L, Lind PA, Wray NR, Medland SE, Hickie IB, Lupton MK, Rentería ME, Martin NG, Campos AI. Phenotypic and genetic factors associated with donation of DNA and consent to record linkage for prescription history in the Australian Genetics of Depression Study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1359-1368. [PMID: 36422680 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Samples can be prone to ascertainment and attrition biases. The Australian Genetics of Depression Study is a large publicly recruited cohort (n = 20,689) established to increase the understanding of depression and antidepressant treatment response. This study investigates differences between participants who donated a saliva sample or agreed to linkage of their records compared to those who did not. We observed that older, male participants with higher education were more likely to donate a saliva sample. Self-reported bipolar disorder, ADHD, panic disorder, PTSD, substance use disorder, and social anxiety disorder were associated with lower odds of donating a saliva sample, whereas anorexia was associated with higher odds of donation. Male and younger participants showed higher odds of agreeing to record linkage. Participants with higher neuroticism scores and those with a history of bipolar disorder were also more likely to agree to record linkage whereas participants with a diagnosis of anorexia were less likely to agree. Increased likelihood of consent was associated with increased genetic susceptibility to anorexia and reduced genetic risk for depression, and schizophrenia. Overall, our results show moderate differences among these subsamples. Most current epidemiological studies do not search for attrition biases at the genetic level. The possibility to do so is a strength of samples such as the AGDS. Our results suggest that analyses can be made more robust by identifying attrition biases both on the phenotypic and genetic level, and either contextualising them as a potential limitation or performing sensitivity analyses adjusting for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gomez
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Santiago Díaz-Torres
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Statistical Genetics Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luis M Garcia-Marin
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chloe X Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penelope A Lind
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Psychiatric Genetics Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian I Campos
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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15
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Murray SB, Rokicki J, Sartorius AM, Winterton A, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, Nagata JM, Quintana DS. Brain-based gene expression of putative risk genes for anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2612-2619. [PMID: 37221367 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) remains elusive. Recent genome-wide association studies identified the first genes liked to AN which reached genome-wide significance, although our understanding of how these genes confer risk remains preliminary. Here, we leverage the Allen Human Brain Atlas to characterize the spatially distributed gene expression patterns of genes linked to AN in the non-disordered human brain, developing whole-brain maps of AN gene expression. We found that genes associated with AN are most expressed in the brain, relative to all other body tissue types, and demonstrate gene-specific expression patterns which extend to cerebellar, temporal and basal ganglia structures in particular. fMRI meta-analyses reveal that AN gene expression maps correspond with functional brain activity involved in processing and anticipating appetitive and aversive cues. Findings offer novel insights around putative mechanisms through which genes associated with AN may confer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division for Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alina M Sartorius
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division for Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division for Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division for Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division for Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division for Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- NevSom, Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Syrmou V, Lioliopoulou ML, Gkiouras K, Simopoulou T, Katsiari CG, Vassilakou T, Bogdanos DP. Anorexia Nervosa in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Causality Dilemma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:697. [PMID: 37189946 PMCID: PMC10137086 DOI: 10.3390/children10040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is an autoimmune disorder with multifaceted clinical findings in different organ systems. Neuropsychiatric manifestations affect more than half of SLE patients, and there is increasing evidence that anorexia nervosa (AN), a feeding and eating disorder (FED) characterized by significantly reduced energy intake, is among them. Herein, a review of the literature on the potential association between jSLE and AN was performed. Reported clinical cases were identified, and putative pathophysiological mechanisms were sought that could potentially explain the observed relationship between these two pathological entities. Four reports of isolated cases and a case series including seven patients were identified. In this limited patient pool, the diagnosis of AN preceded that of SLE in the majority of cases, whereas in all cases both entities were diagnosed within a time span of two years. Many explanations for the observed relationships have been proposed. AN has been associated with the stress of chronic disease diagnosis; on the other hand, the chronic inflammation associated with AN may contribute to the development/appearance of SLE. Adverse childhood experiences, concentrations of leptin, shared autoantibodies, and genetic traits appear to be important factors in this well-established interplay. In essence, it seems important to increase clinician awareness of the concomitant development of AN and SLE and invite further research on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syrmou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria-Lydia Lioliopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora Simopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina G. Katsiari
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
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17
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Mendelian randomization investigation highlights different roles of selenium status in mental disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110694. [PMID: 36521586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested a relationship between selenium status and mental disorders (MDs). However, it remains unclear whether selenium status was causally associated with MDs. Thus, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to investigate the causal effects of selenium levels on seven MDs, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), anorexia nervosa (AN), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and panic disorder (PD). Strong genetic instruments of blood selenium (n = 9) and blood-toenail selenium (n = 12) were applied to the above seven MDs GWAS datasets from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, which were further replicated in the FinnGen Biobank. The inverse-variance weighted method was employed to calculate the causal effects. The results showed that genetically predicted blood selenium levels were associated with a decreased risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87-0.95) and AN (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97). However, both blood and blood-toenail selenium levels were linked to an increased risk of MDD (blood: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12; blood-toenail: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13) and ASD (blood: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.17; blood-toenail: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21), respectively. No obvious associations were found between selenium levels and BD as well as ADHD. Our findings highlighted a protective role of selenium in SZ and AN, while a risk effect in MDD and ASD. Further studies are required to verify the underlying mechanism mediating the unequal effects of Se on different MDs, which will pave a new path for the intervention of MDs.
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Rodríguez-Varela R, Moore KHS, Ebenesersdóttir SS, Kilinc GM, Kjellström A, Papmehl-Dufay L, Alfsdotter C, Berglund B, Alrawi L, Kashuba N, Sobrado V, Lagerholm VK, Gilbert E, Cavalleri GL, Hovig E, Kockum I, Olsson T, Alfredsson L, Hansen TF, Werge T, Munters AR, Bernhardsson C, Skar B, Christophersen A, Turner-Walker G, Gopalakrishnan S, Daskalaki E, Omrak A, Pérez-Ramallo P, Skoglund P, Girdland-Flink L, Gunnarsson F, Hedenstierna-Jonson C, Gilbert MTP, Lidén K, Jakobsson M, Einarsson L, Victor H, Krzewińska M, Zachrisson T, Storå J, Stefánsson K, Helgason A, Götherström A. The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present. Cell 2023; 186:32-46.e19. [PMID: 36608656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - S Sunna Ebenesersdóttir
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Inc., 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gulsah Merve Kilinc
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anna Kjellström
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Clara Alfsdotter
- Department of Archaeology, Bohusläns Museum, Museigatan 1, 451 19 Udevalla, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Berglund
- Department of Archaeology and Cultural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Loey Alrawi
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalija Kashuba
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Archaeology, Uppsala University, 752 38 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Organismal Biology, Human Evolution, and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Verónica Sobrado
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vendela Kempe Lagerholm
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edmund Gilbert
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 166 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arielle R Munters
- Department of Organismal Biology, Human Evolution, and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Bernhardsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Human Evolution, and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitte Skar
- Department of Archaeology and Cultural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Christophersen
- Department of Archaeology and Cultural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gordon Turner-Walker
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology National Museum of Natural Science, 404023 Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shyam Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, the GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Daskalaki
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayça Omrak
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patxi Pérez-Ramallo
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | | | - Linus Girdland-Flink
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Aberdeen, UK; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF Liverpool, UK
| | - Fredrik Gunnarsson
- Department of Museum Archaeology, Kalmar County Museum, Box 104, Kalmar 39121, Sweden
| | | | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, the GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kerstin Lidén
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Human Evolution, and SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Einarsson
- Kronan, Marine Archaeological Department, Kalmar County Museum, Box 104, Kalmar S-39121, Sweden
| | - Helena Victor
- Department of Museum Archaeology, Kalmar County Museum, Box 104, Kalmar 39121, Sweden
| | - Maja Krzewińska
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Storå
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Inc., 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Inc., 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Anders Götherström
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Almenara CA. 40 years of research on eating disorders in domain-specific journals: Bibliometrics, network analysis, and topic modeling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278981. [PMID: 36520823 PMCID: PMC9754234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have used a query-based approach to search and gather scientific literature. Instead, the current study focused on domain-specific journals in the field of eating disorders. A total of 8651 documents (since 1981 to 2020), from which 7899 had an abstract, were retrieved from: International Journal of Eating Disorders (n = 4185, 48.38%), Eating and Weight Disorders (n = 1540, 17.80%), European Eating Disorders Review (n = 1461, 16.88%), Eating Disorders (n = 1072, 12.39%), and Journal of Eating Disorders (n = 393, 4.54%). To analyze these data, diverse methodologies were employed: bibliometrics (to identify top cited documents), network analysis (to identify the most representative scholars and collaboration networks), and topic modeling (to retrieve major topics using text mining, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms). The results showed that the most cited documents were related to instruments used for the screening and evaluation of eating disorders, followed by review articles related to the epidemiology, course and outcome of eating disorders. Network analysis identified well-known scholars in the field, as well as their collaboration networks. Finally, topic modeling identified 10 major topics whereas a time series analysis of these topics identified relevant historical shifts. This study discusses the results in terms of future opportunities in the field of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Almenara
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
- * E-mail:
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20
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DONATO KEVIN, CECCARINI MARIARACHELE, DHULI KRISTJANA, BONETTI GABRIELE, MEDORI MARIACHIARA, MARCEDDU GIUSEPPE, PRECONE VINCENZA, XHUFI SUELA, BUSHATI MARSIDA, BOZO DHURATA, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Gene variants in eating disorders. Focus on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E297-E305. [PMID: 36479493 PMCID: PMC9710388 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, have a deep social impact, concluding with death in cases of severe disease. Eating disorders affect up to 5% of the population in the industrialized countries, but probably the phenomenon is under-detection and under-diagnosis. Eating disorders are multifactorial disorders, resulting from the interaction between environmental triggers, psychological factors, but there is also a strong genetic component. In fact, genetic factors predispose for approximately 33-84% to anorexia nervosa, 28-83% to bulimia nervosa, and 41-57% to binge eating disorder. Twins and family studies have provided an unassailable proof on the heritability of these disorders. Other types of genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies, whole genome sequencing and linkage analysis, allowed to identify the genes and their variants associated with eating disorders and moreover global collaborative efforts have led to delineate the etiology of these disorders. Next Generation Sequencing technologies can be considered as an ideal diagnostic approach to identify not only the common variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphism, but also rare variants. Here we summarize the present knowledge on the molecular etiology and genetic determinants of eating disorders including serotonergic genes, dopaminergic genes, opioid genes, appetite regulation genes, endocannabinoid genes and vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- KEVIN DONATO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: Kevin Donato, MAGI EUREGIO, Via Maso della Pieve 60/A, Bolzano (BZ), 39100, Italy. E-mail:
| | - MARIA RACHELE CECCARINI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Huckins LM, Signer R, Johnson J, Wu YK, Mitchell KS, Bulik CM. What next for eating disorder genetics? Replacing myths with facts to sharpen our understanding. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3929-3938. [PMID: 35595976 PMCID: PMC9718676 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of anorexia nervosa (AN) and eating disorder (ED) genetics through the efforts of large-scale collaborative consortia, yielding the first genome-wide significant loci, AN-associated genes, and insights into metabo-psychiatric underpinnings of the disorders. However, the translatability, generalizability, and reach of these insights are hampered by an overly narrow focus in our research. In particular, stereotypes, myths, assumptions and misconceptions have resulted in incomplete or incorrect understandings of ED presentations and trajectories, and exclusion of certain patient groups from our studies. In this review, we aim to counteract these historical imbalances. Taking as our starting point the Academy for Eating Disorders (AED) Truth #5 "Eating disorders affect people of all genders, ages, races, ethnicities, body shapes and weights, sexual orientations, and socioeconomic statuses", we discuss what we do and do not know about the genetic underpinnings of EDs among people in each of these groups, and suggest strategies to design more inclusive studies. In the second half of our review, we outline broad strategic goals whereby ED researchers can expand the diversity, insights, and clinical translatability of their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 14068, USA
| | - Rebecca Signer
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ya-Ke Wu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karen S Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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22
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Ma M, Guo L, Liu X, Zheng Y, Gu C, Li B. Genetic correlation between female infertility and mental health and lifestyle factors: A linkage disequilibrium score regression study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e797. [PMID: 36090619 PMCID: PMC9436294 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Female fertility is a heterogeneous condition of complete psychosocial and physical well-being. Observational studies have revealed that women with infertility have varying degrees of poor mental status and lifestyle choices in varying degrees. However, the genetic contribution to female infertility remains elusive. Our study aimed to explore the genetic correlations between female infertility and mental health and lifestyle factors. Methods The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets of characteristics related to mental health and lifestyle were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database. The GWAS data sets of female infertility were derived from the Finggen database. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was performed to systematically estimate the pairwise genetic correlations between female infertility and a set of mental health- and lifestyle-related traits. Results The genetic correlation analysis revealed a moderate and positive genetic correlation between depressive symptoms, major depressive disorder, and female infertility. Similarly, worry and the personality trait of neuroticism displayed a moderate positive genetic correlation with female infertility. Adversely, a negative and moderate genetic correlation was observed between strenuous sports or exercises and female infertility. Conclusion The study demonstrated genetic correlations between female infertility and mental health status, including depression, worry, and neuroticism. Additionally, we observed that females with better physical activity may have reduced risks of female infertility. These findings would serve as a fundamental resource for understanding the genetic mechanisms of the effects of mental health and lifestyle factors on female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ma
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingxin Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Phonological working memory is adversely affected in adults with anorexia nervosa: a systematic literature review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1931-1952. [PMID: 35133643 PMCID: PMC9287223 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive restraint has potentiating and deleterious effects on working memory (WM) in anorexia nervosa (AN). Conflicting evidence may be due to heterogeneity of tasks examining different WM components (e.g., verbal/auditory versus visuospatial), and differences in adolescent versus adult AN. Additionally, differential cognitive profiles of restricting versus binge/purging subtypes, comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychotropic medication use may confound findings. METHODS To address these conflicts, 25 studies, published between 2016 and 2021, investigating WM in children, adolescents and adults with AN were systematically reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS In 71% of WM tasks, no difference in performance between AN patients and age-matched controls was reported, while 29% of WM tasks showed worse performance. Adults with AN displayed deficits in 44% of the verbal/auditory tasks, while performance remained unaffected in 86% of visuospatial tasks. CONCLUSION Examining age groups and WM subsystems separately revealed novel findings of differentially affected WM components in AN. Comorbidities and psychotropic medications were common among AN participants and should be regarded as critical confounding factors for WM measures. Future studies examining different components of WM, acknowledging these confounding factors, may reveal specific deficits in AN to aid treatment improvement strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I, systematic review.
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24
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Marazziti D, Diep PT, Carter S, Carbone MG. Oxytocin: An Old Hormone, A Novel Psychotropic Drug And Possible Use In Treating Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5615-5687. [PMID: 35894453 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220727120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS With the main goal of an in-depth understanding of the oxytocin role in the regulation of different functions and complex behaviors as well as its intriguing implications in different neuropsychiatric disorders, we performed a critical review of the current state of art. We carried out this work through PubMed database up to June 2021 with the search terms: 1) "oxytocin and neuropsychiatric disorders"; 2) "oxytocin and neurodevelopmental disorders"; 3) "oxytocin and anorexia"; 4) "oxytocin and eating disorders"; 5) "oxytocin and obsessive-compulsive disorder"; 6) "oxytocin and schizophrenia"; 7) "oxytocin and depression"; 8) "oxytocin and bipolar disorder"; 9) "oxytocin and psychosis"; 10) "oxytocin and anxiety"; 11) "oxytocin and personality disorder"; 12) "oxytocin and PTSD". RESULTS Biological, genetic, and epigenetic studies highlighted quality and quantity modifications in the expression of oxytocin peptide or in oxytocin receptor isoforms. These alterations would seem to be correlated with a higher risk of presenting several neuropsychiatric disorders belonging to different psychopathological spectra. Collaterally, the exogenous oxytocin administration has shown to ameliorate many neuropsychiatric clinical conditions. CONCLUSION Finally, we briefly analyzed the potential pharmacological use of oxytocin in patient with severe symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunoregulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Phuoc-Tan Diep
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Carter
- Director Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Manuel G Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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25
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MacDermod C, Pettie MA, Carrino EA, Garcia SC, Padalecki S, Finch JE, Sanzari C, Kennedy HL, Pawar PS, Mcgough MM, Iwashita A, Takgbajouah M, Coan D, Szakasits L, Goode RW, Wu Y, Reyes‐Rodríguez ML, Vacuán EMTC, Kennedy MA, Cleland L, Jordan J, Maguire S, Guintivano JD, Giusti‐Rodríguez P, Baker JH, Thornton LM, Bulik CM. Recommendations to encourage participation of individuals from diverse backgrounds in psychiatric genetic studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2022; 189:163-173. [PMID: 35785430 PMCID: PMC9542122 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present innovative research practices in psychiatric genetic studies to ensure representation of individuals from diverse ancestry, sex assigned at birth, gender identity, age, body shape and size, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to histories of inappropriate and harmful practices against marginalized groups in both psychiatry and genetics, people of certain identities may be hesitant to participate in research studies. Yet their participation is essential to ensure diverse representation, as it is incorrect to assume that the same genetic and environmental factors influence the risk for various psychiatric disorders across all demographic groups. We present approaches developed as part of the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI), a study that required tailored approaches to recruit diverse populations across many countries. Considerations include research priorities and design, recruitment and study branding, transparency, and community investment and ownership. Ensuring representation in participants is costly and funders need to provide adequate support to achieve diversity in recruitment in prime awards, not just as supplemental afterthoughts. The need for diverse samples in genetic studies is critical to minimize the risk of perpetuating health disparities in psychiatry and other health research. Although the EDGI strategies were designed specifically to attract and enroll individuals with eating disorders, our approach is broadly applicable across psychiatry and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey MacDermod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michaela A. Pettie
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Emily A. Carrino
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Susana Cruz Garcia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyUniversity at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Sophie Padalecki
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Elon UniversityElonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jody E. Finch
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Christina Sanzari
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyUniversity at Albany, State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Hannah L. Kennedy
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Pratiksha S. Pawar
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics InstituteDr. D. Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneIndia
| | | | - Ava Iwashita
- Crystal Springs Uplands SchoolHillsboroughCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary Takgbajouah
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychologyDePaul UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Danielle Coan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Social WorkNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lindsey Szakasits
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of PsychiatryCampbell UniversityBules CreekNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rachel W. Goode
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,School of Social WorkUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ya‐Ke Wu
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,School of NursingUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Eva María Trujillo Chi Vacuán
- Comenzar de Nuevo Eating Disorders Treatment and Research CenterMonterreyMexico,Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences Tec SaludMonterreyMexico
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Lana Cleland
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Inside Out Institute for Eating DisordersSydneyAustralia,Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jerry D. Guintivano
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Edlitz Y, Segal E. Prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus onset using logistic regression-based scorecards. eLife 2022; 11:71862. [PMID: 35731045 PMCID: PMC9255967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for ~90% of all cases of diabetes, resulting in an estimated 6.7 million deaths in 2021, according to the International Diabetes Federation. Early detection of patients with high risk of developing T2D can reduce the incidence of the disease through a change in lifestyle, diet, or medication. Since populations of lower socio-demographic status are more susceptible to T2D and might have limited resources or access to sophisticated computational resources, there is a need for accurate yet accessible prediction models. Methods In this study, we analyzed data from 44,709 nondiabetic UK Biobank participants aged 40-69, predicting the risk of T2D onset within a selected time frame (mean of 7.3 years with an SD of 2.3 years). We started with 798 features that we identified as potential predictors for T2D onset. We first analyzed the data using gradient boosting decision trees, survival analysis, and logistic regression methods. We devised one nonlaboratory model accessible to the general population and one more precise yet simple model that utilizes laboratory tests. We simplified both models to an accessible scorecard form, tested the models on normoglycemic and prediabetes subcohorts, and compared the results to the results of the general cohort. We established the nonlaboratory model using the following covariates: sex, age, weight, height, waist size, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index. For the laboratory model, we used age and sex together with four common blood tests: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), gamma-glutamyl transferase, glycated hemoglobin, and triglycerides. As an external validation dataset, we used the electronic medical record database of Clalit Health Services. Results The nonlaboratory scorecard model achieved an area under the receiver operating curve (auROC) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.84) and an odds ratio (OR) between the upper and fifth prevalence deciles of 17.2 (95% CI 5-66). Using this model, we classified three risk groups, a group with 1% (0.8-1%), 5% (3-6%), and the third group with a 9% (7-12%) risk of developing T2D. We further analyzed the contribution of the laboratory-based model and devised a blood test model based on age, sex, and the four common blood tests noted above. In this scorecard model, we included age, sex, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), gamma glutamyl-transferase, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Using this model, we achieved an auROC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.90) and a deciles' OR of ×48 (95% CI 12-109). Using this model, we classified the cohort into four risk groups with the following risks: 0.5% (0.4-7%); 3% (2-4%); 10% (8-12%); and a high-risk group of 23% (10-37%) of developing T2D. When applying the blood tests model using the external validation cohort (Clalit), we achieved an auROC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.74-0.75). We analyzed several additional comprehensive models, which included genotyping data and other environmental factors. We found that these models did not provide cost-efficient benefits over the four blood test model. The commonly used German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) models, trained using our data, achieved an auROC of 0.73 (0.69-0.76) and 0.66 (0.62-0.70), respectively, inferior to the results achieved by the four blood test model and by the anthropometry models. Conclusions The four blood test and anthropometric models outperformed the commonly used nonlaboratory models, the FINDRISC and the GDRS. We suggest that our models be used as tools for decision-makers to assess populations at elevated T2D risk and thus improve medical strategies. These models might also provide a personal catalyst for changing lifestyle, diet, or medication modifications to lower the risk of T2D onset. Funding The funders had no role in study design, data collection, interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Edlitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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27
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Bulik CM, Coleman JRI, Hardaway JA, Breithaupt L, Watson HJ, Bryant CD, Breen G. Genetics and neurobiology of eating disorders. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:543-554. [PMID: 35524137 PMCID: PMC9744360 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder) are a heterogeneous class of complex illnesses marked by weight and appetite dysregulation coupled with distinctive behavioral and psychological features. Our understanding of their genetics and neurobiology is evolving thanks to global cooperation on genome-wide association studies, neuroimaging, and animal models. Until now, however, these approaches have advanced the field in parallel, with inadequate cross-talk. This review covers overlapping advances in these key domains and encourages greater integration of hypotheses and findings to create a more unified science of eating disorders. We highlight ongoing and future work designed to identify implicated biological pathways that will inform staging models based on biology as well as targeted prevention and tailored intervention, and will galvanize interest in the development of pharmacologic agents that target the core biology of the illnesses, for which we currently have few effective pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - J Andrew Hardaway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lauren Breithaupt
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hunna J Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
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28
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Convergence of case-specific epigenetic alterations identify a confluence of genetic vulnerabilities tied to opioid overdose. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2158-2170. [PMID: 35301427 PMCID: PMC9133127 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a highly heterogeneous disease driven by a variety of genetic and environmental risk factors which have yet to be fully elucidated. Opioid overdose, the most severe outcome of opioid use disorder, remains the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. We interrogated the effects of opioid overdose on the brain using ChIP-seq to quantify patterns of H3K27 acetylation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons isolated from 51 opioid-overdose cases and 51 accidental death controls. Among opioid cases, we observed global hypoacetylation and identified 388 putative enhancers consistently depleted for H3K27ac. Machine learning on H3K27ac patterns predicted case-control status with high accuracy. We focused on case-specific regulatory alterations, revealing 81,399 hypoacetylation events, uncovering vast inter-patient heterogeneity. We developed a strategy to decode this heterogeneity based on convergence analysis, which leveraged promoter-capture Hi-C to identify five genes over-burdened by alterations in their regulatory network or "plexus": ASTN2, KCNMA1, DUSP4, GABBR2, ENOX1. These convergent loci are enriched for opioid use disorder risk genes and heritability for generalized anxiety, number of sexual partners, and years of education. Overall, our multi-pronged approach uncovers neurobiological aspects of opioid use disorder and captures genetic and environmental factors perpetuating the opioid epidemic.
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29
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Abdulkadir M, Hübel C, Herle M, Loos RJF, Breen G, Bulik CM, Micali N. Eating disorder symptoms and their associations with anthropometric and psychiatric polygenic scores. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:221-236. [PMID: 35178801 PMCID: PMC9149768 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Eating disorder (ED) symptoms are prevalent in the general population, but their shared genetic underpinnings with psychiatric, metabolic, and anthropometric traits are not known. Here, we examined if polygenic scores (PGSs) of traits associated with anorexia nervosa are also associated with adolescent ED symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods A total of 8654 participants with genotype data and at least one phenotypic measure were included from the ALSPAC study. We associated PGS from 25 traits (16 psychiatric, 4 metabolic, and 5 anthropometric) with eight ED symptoms, including behaviours such as fasting for weight loss and cognitions such as body dissatisfaction. Results Higher attention deficit hyperactivity disorder PGS and lower educational attainment PGS were associated with fasting for weight loss. Higher insomnia PGS was associated with increased body dissatisfaction. We found no evidence of an association between metabolic trait PGS and any ED symptom. Fat‐free mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage PGSs, were positively associated with binge eating, excessive exercise, fasting for weight loss, body dissatisfaction, and weight and shape concern. Conclusions ED symptoms are genetically associated with psychiatric and anthropometric, but not with metabolic traits. Our findings provide insights for future genetic research investigating on why some individuals with ED symptoms progress to develop threshold EDs while others do not. Several eating disorder symptoms (i.e., binge eating, fasting for weight loss, and body dissatisfaction) in this study were significantly associated with both psychiatric and anthropometric polygenic scores emphasising the genetic complexity of these traits. Eating disorder symptoms as present in the general population and threshold eating disorders may be partially etiologically related (i.e., psychiatric and anthropometric origins), but metabolic genetic factors may differentiate between symptoms and threshold eating disorders. Metabolic disturbances could therefore be the catalyst that puts some individuals on a developmental trajectory leading to threshold eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulkadir
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moritz Herle
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Martínez-Magaña JJ, Hernandez S, Garcia AR, Cardoso-Barajas V, Sarmiento E, Camarena B, Caballero A, Gonzalez L, Villatoro-Velazquez JA, Medina-Mora ME, Bustos-Gamiño M, Fleiz-Bautista C, Tovilla-Zarate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, Nicolini H, Genis-Mendoza AD. Genome-Wide Analysis of Disordered Eating Behavior in the Mexican Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:394. [PMID: 35057575 PMCID: PMC8778304 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in eating behavior characterized eating disorders (ED). The genetic factors shared between ED diagnoses have been underexplored. The present study performed a genome-wide association study in individuals with disordered eating behaviors in the Mexican population, blood methylation quantitative trait loci (blood-meQTL), summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis, and in silico function prediction by different algorithms. The analysis included a total of 1803 individuals. We performed a genome-wide association study and blood-meQTL analysis by logistic and linear regression. In addition, we analyzed in silico functional variant prediction, phenome-wide, and multi-tissue expression quantitative trait loci. The genome-wide association study identified 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated at a nominal value and seven blood-meQTL at a genome-wide threshold. The SNPs show enrichment in genome-wide associations of the metabolic and immunologic domains. In the in silico analysis, the SNP rs10419198 (p-value = 4.85 × 10-5) located on an enhancer mark could change the expression of PRR12 in blood, adipocytes, and brain areas that regulate food intake. Additionally, we found an association of DNA methylation levels of SETBP1 (p-value = 6.76 × 10-4) and SEMG1 (p-value = 5.73 × 10-4) by SMR analysis. The present study supports the previous associations of genetic variation in the metabolic domain with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Sandra Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Ana Rosa Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N. Navarro, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.G.); (V.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Valeria Cardoso-Barajas
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N. Navarro, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.G.); (V.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emmanuel Sarmiento
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Juan N. Navarro, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.G.); (V.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.H.); (B.C.)
| | - Alejandro Caballero
- Unidad de Trastornos Alimenticios, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Gonzalez
- Unidad de Trastornos Alimenticios, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Jorge Ameth Villatoro-Velazquez
- Unidad de Análisis de Datos y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (J.A.V.-V.); (M.E.M.-M.); (M.B.-G.); (C.F.-B.)
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Unidad de Análisis de Datos y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (J.A.V.-V.); (M.E.M.-M.); (M.B.-G.); (C.F.-B.)
| | - Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño
- Unidad de Análisis de Datos y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (J.A.V.-V.); (M.E.M.-M.); (M.B.-G.); (C.F.-B.)
| | - Clara Fleiz-Bautista
- Unidad de Análisis de Datos y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (J.A.V.-V.); (M.E.M.-M.); (M.B.-G.); (C.F.-B.)
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86654, Mexico;
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Mexico;
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Latifi-Navid H. LncRNA polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153729. [PMID: 34952422 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in females and the second reason of cancer-related mortality in females in the world. It is thought to be a complex interaction of variables like personal lifestyle, climate, genetics, and reproductive factors. Many polymorphisms have been linked to cancer in genome-wide association experiments, and they are linked to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs, which have > 200 nucleotides in their transcripts, affect many biological processes, including differentiation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. Different lncRNAs with tumor suppressor and oncogenic roles have been shown to have elevated expression levels in the development of BC. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lncRNAs can affect the expression level, structure, and function of lncRNAs. LncRNA polymorphisms are predictive of cancer incidence, making them useful for early detection and customized therapy control. SNPs may affect genetic susceptibility to BC. This study was set to see whether there was a link between lncRNA polymorphisms and the risk of BC. Accordingly, the individual and combined genotypes of lncRNA-related variants could predict BC and clinical and care outcomes. However, further large-scale trials of diverse ethnic groups and comprehensive health records should be performed to validate the results. Furthermore, adequate functional assessments should be carried out to shed light on the etiology of BC. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367 Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367 Iran.
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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de Jorge Martínez C, Rukh G, Williams MJ, Gaudio S, Brooks S, Schiöth HB. Genetics of anorexia nervosa: an overview of genome-wide association studies and emerging biological links. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:1-12. [PMID: 34634498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. Comorbidities are frequent and there is substantial overlap with other disorders. The lack of understanding of the molecular and neuroanatomical causes has made it difficult to develop effective treatments and it is often difficult to treat in clinical practice. Recent advances in genetics have changed our understanding of polygenic diseases, increasing the possibility of understanding better how molecular pathways are intertwined. This review synthetizes the current state of genetic research providing an overview of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) findings in AN as well as overlap with other disorders, traits, pathways, and imaging results. This paper also discusses the different putative global pathways that are contributing to the disease including the evidence for metabolic and psychiatric origin of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michael J Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Santino Gaudio
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Brooks
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Tomášová P, Procházková P, Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Čermáková M, Pelantová H, Šedivá B, Vecka M, Papežová H, Kuzma M. NMR- and MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomic Study of Stool and Serum Samples from Patients with Anorexia Nervosa. J Proteome Res 2021; 21:778-787. [PMID: 34606283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), a pathological restriction of food intake, leads to metabolic dysregulation. We conducted a metabolomics study to reveal changes caused by AN and the effect of hospital realimentation on metabolism. Both stool and serum from patients with AN and healthy controls were analyzed by NMR and MS. Statistical analysis revealed several altered biochemical and anthropometric parameters and 50 changed metabolites, including phospholipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, derivatives of nicotinic acid, nucleotides, and energy metabolism intermediates. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were correlated with metabolomic data. Metabolic changes in patients with AN described in our study imply serious system disruption defects, such as the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, changed free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, a deficit of vitamins, muscle mass breakdown, and a decrease in ketone bodies as an important source of energy for the brain and heart. Furthermore, our data indicate only a very slight improvement after treatment. However, correlations of metabolomic results with body weight, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, fT4, and TSH might entail better prognoses and treatment effectiveness in patients with better system parameter status. Data sets are deposited in MassIVE: MSV000087713, DOI: 10.25345/C57R7X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Tomášová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Fourth Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Čermáková
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- Fourth Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Enabled by advances in high throughput genomic sequencing and an unprecedented level of global data sharing, molecular genetic research is beginning to unlock the biological basis of eating disorders. This invited review provides an overview of genetic discoveries in eating disorders in the genome-wide era. To date, five genome-wide association studies on eating disorders have been conducted - all on anorexia nervosa (AN). For AN, several risk loci have been detected, and ~11-17% of the heritability has been accounted for by common genetic variants. There is extensive genetic overlap between AN and psychological traits, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder, and intriguingly, with metabolic phenotypes even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) risk variants. Furthermore, genetic risk variants predisposing to lower BMI may be causal risk factors for AN. Causal genes and biological pathways of eating disorders have yet to be elucidated and will require greater sample sizes and statistical power, and functional follow-up studies. Several studies are underway to recruit individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder to enable further genome-wide studies. Data collections and research labs focused on the genetics of eating disorders have joined together in a global effort with the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Molecular genetics research in the genome-wide era is improving knowledge about the biology behind the established heritability of eating disorders. This has the potential to offer new hope for understanding eating disorder etiology and for overcoming the therapeutic challenges that confront the eating disorder field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alish B. Palmos
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avina Hunjan
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helena L. Davies
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Salehi M A, Nilsson IA, Figueira J, Thornton LM, Abdulkarim I, Pålsson E, Bulik CM, Landén M. Serum profiling of anorexia nervosa: A 1H NMR-based metabolomics study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 49:1-10. [PMID: 33743376 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anorexia nervosa (AN) is incomplete. The aim was to conduct a metabolomics profiling of serum samples from women with AN (n = 65), women who have recovered from AN (AN-REC, n = 65), and age-matched healthy female controls (HC, n = 65). Serum concentrations of 21 metabolites were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). We used orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) modeling to assign group classification based on the metabolites. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for metabolite concentration differences across groups. The OPLS-DA model could distinguish between the AN and HC groups (p = 9.05 × 10-11 R2Y = 0.36, Q2 = 0.37) and between the AN-REC and HC groups (p = 8.47 × 10-6, R2Y = 0.36, Q2 = 0.24,), but not between the AN and AN-REC groups (p = 0.63). Lower methanol concentration in the AN and AN-REC group explained most of the variance. Likewise, the strongest finding in the univariate analyses was lower serum methanol concentration in both AN and AN-REC compared with HC, which withstood adjustment for body mass index (BMI). We report for the first time lower serum concentrations of methanol in AN. The fact that low methanol was also found in recovered AN suggests that low serum concentration of methanol could either be trait marker or a scar effect of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salehi M
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ida Ak Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Eating Disorders Innovation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - João Figueira
- Department of Chemistry, SciLifeLab, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Laura M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Israa Abdulkarim
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Pålsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hirtz R, Zheng Y, Rajcsanyi LS, Libuda L, Antel J, Peters T, Hebebrand J, Hinney A. [Genetic Analyses of Complex Phenotypes Through the Example of Anorexia Nervosa and Bodyweight Regulation]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 50:175-185. [PMID: 34328348 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic Analyses of Complex Phenotypes Through the Example of Anorexia Nervosa and Bodyweight Regulation Abstract. Genetics variants are important for the regulation of bodyweight and also contribute to the genetic architecture of eating disorders. For many decades, family studies, a subentity of so-called formal genetic studies, were employed to determine the genetic share of bodyweight and eating disorders and found heritability rates exceeding 50 % with both phenotypes. Because of this significant contribution of genetics, the search for those genes and their variants related to the variance in bodyweight and the etiology of eating disorders - or both - was commenced by the early 1990s. Initially, candidate genes studies were conducted targeting those genes most plausibly related to either phenotype, especially based on pathophysiological considerations. This approach, however, implicated only a few genes in the regulation of bodyweight and did not provide significant insights into the genetics of eating disorders. Driven by considerable methodological advances in genetic research, especially related to the introduction of so-called genome-wide association studies by the beginning of the 21st century, today more than 1,000 variants/loci have been detected that affect the regulation of bodyweight. Eight such loci have been identified regarding anorexia nervosa (AN). These results as well as those from cross-disorder analyses provide insights into the complex regulation of bodyweight and demonstrated unforeseen pathomechanisms for AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen.,Abteilung für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Kinderklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Luisa S Rajcsanyi
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Lars Libuda
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen.,Institut für Ernährung, Konsum und Gesundheit, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn
| | - Jochen Antel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Triinu Peters
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Anke Hinney
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen
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37
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Identification of pleiotropy at the gene level between psychiatric disorders and related traits. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:410. [PMID: 34326310 PMCID: PMC8322263 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Major mental disorders are highly prevalent and make a substantial contribution to the global disease burden. It is known that mental disorders share clinical characteristics, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have recently provided evidence for shared genetic factors as well. Genetic overlaps are usually identified at the single-marker level. Here, we aimed to identify genetic overlaps at the gene level between 7 mental disorders (schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder, anorexia nervosa, ADHD, bipolar disorder and anxiety), 8 brain morphometric traits, 2 cognitive traits (educational attainment and general cognitive function) and 9 personality traits (subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, children's aggressive behaviour, loneliness) based on publicly available GWASs. We performed systematic conditional regression analyses to identify independent signals and select loci associated with more than one trait. We identified 48 genes containing independent markers associated with several traits (pleiotropy at the gene level). We also report 9 genes with different markers that show independent associations with single traits (allelic heterogeneity). This study demonstrates that mental disorders and related traits do show pleiotropy at the gene level as well as the single-marker level. The identification of these genes might be important for prioritizing further deep genotyping, functional studies, or drug targeting.
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38
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McArthur E, Rinker DC, Capra JA. Quantifying the contribution of Neanderthal introgression to the heritability of complex traits. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4481. [PMID: 34294692 PMCID: PMC8298587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurasians have ~2% Neanderthal ancestry, but we lack a comprehensive understanding of the genome-wide influence of Neanderthal introgression on modern human diseases and traits. Here, we quantify the contribution of introgressed alleles to the heritability of more than 400 diverse traits. We show that genomic regions in which detectable Neanderthal ancestry remains are depleted of heritability for all traits considered, except those related to skin and hair. Introgressed variants themselves are also depleted for contributions to the heritability of most traits. However, introgressed variants shared across multiple Neanderthal populations are enriched for heritability and have consistent directions of effect on several traits with potential relevance to human adaptation to non-African environments, including hair and skin traits, autoimmunity, chronotype, bone density, lung capacity, and menopause age. Integrating our results, we propose a model in which selection against introgressed functional variation was the dominant trend (especially for cognitive traits); however, for a few traits, introgressed variants provided beneficial variation via uni-directional (e.g., lightening skin color) or bi-directional (e.g., modulating immune response) effects. We lack a comprehensive understanding of how Neanderthal ancestry influences human traits. This study finds that regions with Neanderthal ancestry are broadly depleted of trait-associated variation; yet, introgressed variants likely contributed to human adaptation in a few traits, like skin color and immune response modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evonne McArthur
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - David C Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA. .,Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
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Solmi M, Radua J, Stubbs B, Ricca V, Moretti D, Busatta D, Carvalho AF, Dragioti E, Favaro A, Monteleone AM, Shin JI, Fusar-Poli P, Castellini G. Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 43:314-323. [PMID: 32997075 PMCID: PMC8136381 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To grade the evidence about risk factors for eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder) with an umbrella review approach. Methods: This was a systematic review of observational studies on risk factors for eating disorders published in PubMed/PsycInfo/Embase until December 11th, 2019. We recalculated random-effect meta-analyses, heterogeneity, small-study effect, excess significance bias and 95% prediction intervals, grading significant evidence (p < 0.05) from convincing to weak according to established criteria. Quality was assessed with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. Results: Of 2,197 meta-analyses, nine were included, providing evidence on 50 risk factors, 29,272 subjects with eating disorders, and 1,679,385 controls. Although no association was supported by convincing evidence, highly suggestive evidence supported the association between childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa (k = 29, 1,103 cases with eating disorders, 8,496 controls, OR, 2.73, 95%CI 1.96-3.79, p = 2.1 x 10-9, AMSTAR-2 moderate quality) and between appearance-related teasing victimization and any eating disorder (k = 10, 1,341 cases with eating disorders, 3,295 controls, OR 2.91, 95%CI 2.05-4.12, p = 1.8x10-9, AMSTAR-2 moderate quality). Suggestive, weak, or no evidence supported 11, 29, and 8 associations, respectively. Conclusions: The most credible evidence indicates that early traumatic and stressful events are risk factors for eating disorders. Larger collaborative prospective cohort studies are needed to identify risk factors for eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Positive Ageing Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Moretti
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Busatta
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Angela Favaro
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Unità di Psichiatria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Johnston KJA, Ward J, Ray PR, Adams MJ, McIntosh AM, Smith BH, Strawbridge RJ, Price TJ, Smith DJ, Nicholl BI, Bailey MES. Sex-stratified genome-wide association study of multisite chronic pain in UK Biobank. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009428. [PMID: 33830993 PMCID: PMC8031124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent worldwide and imparts a significant socioeconomic and public health burden. Factors influencing susceptibility to, and mechanisms of, chronic pain development, are not fully understood, but sex is thought to play a significant role, and chronic pain is more prevalent in women than in men. To investigate sex differences in chronic pain, we carried out a sex-stratified genome-wide association study of Multisite Chronic Pain (MCP), a derived chronic pain phenotype, in UK Biobank on 178,556 men and 209,093 women, as well as investigating sex-specific genetic correlations with a range of psychiatric, autoimmune and anthropometric phenotypes and the relationship between sex-specific polygenic risk scores for MCP and chronic widespread pain. We also assessed whether MCP-associated genes showed expression pattern enrichment across tissues. A total of 123 SNPs at five independent loci were significantly associated with MCP in men. In women, a total of 286 genome-wide significant SNPs at ten independent loci were discovered. Meta-analysis of sex-stratified GWAS outputs revealed a further 87 independent associated SNPs. Gene-level analyses revealed sex-specific MCP associations, with 31 genes significantly associated in females, 37 genes associated in males, and a single gene, DCC, associated in both sexes. We found evidence for sex-specific pleiotropy and risk for MCP was found to be associated with chronic widespread pain in a sex-differential manner. Male and female MCP were highly genetically correlated, but at an rg of significantly less than 1 (0.92). All 37 male MCP-associated genes and all but one of 31 female MCP-associated genes were found to be expressed in the dorsal root ganglion, and there was a degree of enrichment for expression in sex-specific tissues. Overall, the findings indicate that sex differences in chronic pain exist at the SNP, gene and transcript abundance level, and highlight possible sex-specific pleiotropy for MCP. Results support the proposition of a strong central nervous-system component to chronic pain in both sexes, additionally highlighting a potential role for the DRG and nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira J. A. Johnston
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Pradipta R. Ray
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara I. Nicholl
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. S. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Aranda S, Jiménez E, Martorell L, Muntané G, Vieta E, Vilella E. A systematic review on genome-wide association studies exploring comorbidity in bipolar disorder. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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42
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González LM, García-Herráiz A, Mota-Zamorano S, Flores I, Albuquerque D, Gervasini G. Variants in the Obesity-Linked FTO gene locus modulates psychopathological features of patients with Anorexia Nervosa. Gene 2021; 783:145572. [PMID: 33737121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether variability in the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene locus, consistently related to obesity, affects the risk of eating disorders (ED) and/or the psychopathology displayed by these patients. We analyzed 26 tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture FTO variability in 352 ED patients [233 with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and 119 with binge-eating] and 396 controls. Psychopathological symptoms and traits were evaluated by the Eating Disorders Inventory Test 2 (EDI-2) and Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) questionnaires. No associations were found for ED risk. The rs7205987 CC genotype correlated with higher scores in all but one of the EDI-2 scales in the AN group. Associations with Bulimia (p = 0.0019) and Interoceptive Awareness (p = 0.00007) retained significance after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing. A 3-SNP sliding window analysis showed that FTO haplotypes were again highly associated with Interoceptive Awareness (rs9921255/rs6499662/rs7205987 haplotype; FDR-q = 0.04), Bulimia (rs1125338/rs2192872/rs708258; FDR-q = 0.00037), and Maturity Fears (rs708258/rs12599672/rs11076017; FDR-q = 0.041). In addition, a distal region of the gene between rs9924877 (position 53947509) and rs2192872 (54040715) was linked to Anxiety, Depression and Phobic Anxiety in AN patients, with FDR-q values ranging from 0.023 to 0.045. The results suggest that the FTO gene might be an important locus regarding traits and psychopathological symptoms often displayed by AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M González
- Dpt. Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Angustias García-Herráiz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Dpt. Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isalud Flores
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - David Albuquerque
- Genomics Group, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Dpt. Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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McArthur E, Capra JA. Topologically associating domain boundaries that are stable across diverse cell types are evolutionarily constrained and enriched for heritability. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:269-283. [PMID: 33545030 PMCID: PMC7895846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental units of three-dimensional (3D) nuclear organization. The regions bordering TADs-TAD boundaries-contribute to the regulation of gene expression by restricting interactions of cis-regulatory sequences to their target genes. TAD and TAD-boundary disruption have been implicated in rare-disease pathogenesis; however, we have a limited framework for integrating TADs and their variation across cell types into the interpretation of common-trait-associated variants. Here, we investigate an attribute of 3D genome architecture-the stability of TAD boundaries across cell types-and demonstrate its relevance to understanding how genetic variation in TADs contributes to complex disease. By synthesizing TAD maps across 37 diverse cell types with 41 genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we investigate the differences in disease association and evolutionary pressure on variation in TADs versus TAD boundaries. We demonstrate that genetic variation in TAD boundaries contributes more to complex-trait heritability, especially for immunologic, hematologic, and metabolic traits. We also show that TAD boundaries are more evolutionarily constrained than TADs. Next, stratifying boundaries by their stability across cell types, we find substantial variation. Compared to boundaries unique to a specific cell type, boundaries stable across cell types are further enriched for complex-trait heritability, evolutionary constraint, CTCF binding, and housekeeping genes. Thus, considering TAD boundary stability across cell types provides valuable context for understanding the genome's functional landscape and enabling variant interpretation that takes 3D structure into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evonne McArthur
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158; Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158.
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Tolle V, Ramoz N, Epelbaum J. Is there a hypothalamic basis for anorexia nervosa? HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 181:405-424. [PMID: 34238474 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820683-6.00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus has long been known to control food intake and energy metabolism through a complex network of primary and secondary neurons and glial cells. Anorexia nervosa being a complex disorder characterized by abnormal feeding behavior and food aversion, it is thus quite surprising that not much is known concerning potential hypothalamic modifications in this disorder. In this chapter, we review the recent advances in the fields of genetics, epigenetics, structural and functional imaging, and brain connectivity, as well as neuroendocrine findings and emerging animal models, which have begun to unravel the importance of hypothalamic adaptive processes to our understanding of the pathology of eating disorders.
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Infant inhibited temperament in primates predicts adult behavior, is heritable, and is associated with anxiety-relevant genetic variation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6609-6618. [PMID: 34035480 PMCID: PMC8613309 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An anxious or inhibited temperament (IT) early in life is a major risk factor for the later development of stress-related psychopathology. Starting in infancy, nonhuman primates, like humans, begin to reveal their temperament when exposed to novel situations. Here, in Study 1 we demonstrate this infant IT predicts adult behavior. Specifically, in over 600 monkeys, we found that individuals scored as inhibited during infancy were more likely to refuse treats offered by potentially-threatening human experimenters as adults. In Study 2, using a sample of over 4000 monkeys from a large multi-generational family pedigree, we demonstrate that infant IT is partially heritable. The data revealed infant IT to reflect a co-inherited substrate that manifests across multiple latent variables. Finally, in Study 3 we performed whole-genome sequencing in 106 monkeys to identify IT-associated single-nucleotide variations (SNVs). Results demonstrated a genome-wide significant SNV near CTNNA2, suggesting a molecular target worthy of additional investigation. Moreover, we observed lower p values in genes implicated in human association studies of neuroticism and depression. Together, these data demonstrate the utility of our model of infant inhibited temperament in the rhesus monkey to facilitate discovery of genes that are relevant to the long-term inherited risk to develop anxiety and depressive disorders.
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Yao S, Larsson H, Norring C, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, DʼOnofrio BM, Almqvist C, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Kuja-Halkola R. Genetic and environmental contributions to diagnostic fluctuation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med 2021; 51:62-69. [PMID: 31658910 PMCID: PMC7856409 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two severe eating disorders associated with high premature mortality, suicidal risk and serious medical complications. Transition between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa over the illness course and familial co-aggregation of the two eating disorders imply aetiological overlap. However, genetic and environmental liabilities to the overlap are poorly understood. Quantitative genetic research using clinical diagnosis is needed. METHODS We acquired a clinical diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (prevalence = 0.90%) and bulimia nervosa (prevalence = 0.48%) in a large population-based sample (N = 782 938) of randomly selected full-sisters and maternal half-sisters born in Sweden between 1970 and 2005. Structural equation modelling was applied to quantify heritability of clinically diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and the contributions of genetic and environmental effects on their overlap. RESULTS The heritability of clinically diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa was estimated at 43% [95% confidence interval (CI) (36-50%)] and 41% (31-52%), respectively, in the study population, with the remaining variance explained by variance in unique environmental effects. We found statistically significant genetic [0.66, 95% CI (0.49-0.82)] and unique environmental correlations [0.55 (0.43-0.66)] between the two clinically diagnosed eating disorders; and their overlap was about equally explained by genetic and unique environmental effects [co-heritability 47% (35-58%)]. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports shared mechanisms for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and extends the literature from self-reported behavioural measures to clinical diagnosis. The findings encourage future molecular genetic research on both eating disorders and emphasize clinical vigilance for symptom fluctuation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M. DʼOnofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu Z, Yu Y, Fu L, Mai H, Huang L, Che D, Tao J, Gu X. LncRNA SOX2OT rs9839776 Polymorphism Reduces Sepsis Susceptibility in Southern Chinese Children. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1095-1101. [PMID: 33328755 PMCID: PMC7735778 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s281760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis in children is one of the main causes of death in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs); however, the pathogenesis of sepsis is not fully clear. Previous studies revealed that many genetic variations were related to sepsis susceptibility. A long non-coding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) may play a role in mitochondrial homeostasis and antioxidative activity, but the relationship between the lncRNA SOX2OT polymorphism and sepsis susceptibility has not been reported. Methods In this study, 474 pediatric sepsis patients and 678 healthy controls were recruited from southern China. After genotyping, the strength of the associations was evaluated through odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The SOX2OT rs9839776 T allele was associated with decreased susceptibility to sepsis in southern Chinese children (TT/CT vs CC adjusted OR = 0.778, 95% CI = 0.610–0.992; P = 0.0431). Moreover, the difference in susceptibility was greater in children of age >60 months (adjusted OR = 0.458, 95% CI = 0.234–0.896; P = 0.0225), survivors (adjusted OR = 0.758, 95% CI = 0.585–0.972; P = 0.0358), males (adjusted OR = 0.655, 95% CI = 0.479–0.894; P = 0.0077) and the sepsis subgroup (adjusted OR = 0.548, 95% CI = 0.343–0.876; P = 0.0120). Conclusion The rs9839776 T allele may contribute to decreased sepsis risk in Chinese children. Future studies with a larger sample size are needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Yu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanran Mai
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Tao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
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Bulik CM. Eating disorders genetics in Asia. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 54:10.1002/eat.23445. [PMID: 33349947 PMCID: PMC8209113 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A complete understanding of the genetic architecture of eating disorders requires adequately large sample sizes from individuals of all ancestries. Failure to include representative samples truncates understanding and may even exacerbate health disparities. Several countries in Asia have made rich contributions in psychiatric genetics; however, the eating disorders field requires concerted global efforts to increase representation from Asian ancestry populations to ensure that our global efforts accurately reflect the true distribution of eating disorders around the world and across ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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De novo deleterious variants that may alter the dopaminergic reward pathway are associated with anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1643-1650. [PMID: 31664672 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder presenting with dangerously low body weight, and a deep and persistent fear of gaining weight. Up to now, four genome-wide association studies of AN have been conducted to date and identified only few significant loci. However, both previous studies focused on common variation and on rare exonic variants. Currently, de novo variants are one of the most significant risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric disorders. METHODS We analyzed by whole exome sequencing a cohort of nine female AN individuals and their parents (mother and father), and focused our analysis on de novo variants. RESULTS Here, we found seven de novo missense variants in potential genes in nine studied AN patients. Four of these genes (CSMD1, CREB3, PTPRD and GAB1) belong to a same signaling pathway involving neuron differentiation and dopamine pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a list of interesting genes such as CSDM1 and CREB3 that are candidates to be involved in the etiology of anorexia nervosa. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE basic research.
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Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT: Regulations, Functions, and Roles on Mental Illnesses, Cancers, and Diabetic Complications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2901589. [PMID: 33294436 PMCID: PMC7718063 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) is an evolutionarily conserved long noncoding RNA. Its intronic region contains the SOX2 gene, the major regulator of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. The human SOX2-OT gene comprises multiple exons and has multiple transcription start sites and generates hundreds of transcripts. Transcription factors (IRF4, AR, and SOX3), transcriptional inhibitors (NSPc1, MTA3, and YY1), and miRNAs (miR-211 and miR-375) have been demonstrated to control certain SOX2-OT transcript level at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. Accumulated evidence indicates its crucial roles in the regulation of the SOX2 gene, miRNAs, and transcriptional process. Restricted expression of SOX2-OT transcripts in the brain results in the association between SOX2-OT single nucleotide polymorphisms and mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. SOX2-OT is notably elevated in tumor tissues, and a high level of SOX2-OT is well correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients, leading to the establishment of its role as an oncogene and a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker for cancers. The emerging evidence supports that SOX2-OT mediates diabetic complications. In summary, SOX2-OT has diversified functions and could be a therapeutic target for various diseases.
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