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Li L, Cui J, Liu Z, Zhou X, Li Z, Yu Y, Jia Y, Zuo D, Wu Y. Silver nanoparticles induce SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondrial pathways that lengthen endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites and alter inositol-3-phosphate receptor function. Toxicol Lett 2018; 285:156-167. [PMID: 29306025 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many medical and commercial applications, but their effects on human health are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of AgNPs on the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and to explore their potential mechanisms of action. We found that AgNPs decreased SH-SY5Y cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to AgNPs activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as reflected by upregulated expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP homology protein (CHOP), spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme (p-IRE), all of which are involved in the cellular unfolded protein response. Prolonged exposure of cells to AgNPs damaged calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, increased the length of contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, altered IP3R function by the increased levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in the ER and enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Finally, Ca2+ overload and disrupted homeostasis in the mitochondria triggered apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of AgNPs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Zhou
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Liaoning Medical Device Test Institute, Shenyang 110179, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd., Shenyang 110021, PR China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on proliferation of estrogen-dependent MCF-7/BUS human breast cancer cells induced by butyl paraben or di-n-butyl phthalate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 337:12-21. [PMID: 29074358 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer MCF-7/BUS cells was assessed by means of in vitro assay. The cells were exposed in the absence of estrogens to AgNPs alone or in combination with aluminum chloride (AlCl3), butyl paraben (BPB) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBPh). The results revealed that AgNPs at the non-cytotoxic concentrations (up to 2μg/mL) and AlCl3 (up to 500μM) did not induce proliferation of MCF-7/BUS cells whereas BPB and DBPh showed strong estrogenic activity with the highest effect at 16μM and 35μM, respectively. AgNPs inhibited the proliferation of the cells induced by DBPh, BPB or even with 17β-estradiol (E2) during 6-day incubation in the absence of estrogens. ICI 182,780 (10nM), a known estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, induced strong inhibitory effect. AgNPs also decreased transcription of the estrogen-responsive pS2 and progesterone receptor (PGR) genes but modulated expression neither of ERα nor ERβ in MCF-7/BUS cells exposed to BPB, DBPh or E2 for 6h. Our results indicate that AgNPs may inhibit growth of breast cancer cells stimulated by E2 or estrogenic chemicals, i.e. BPB and DBPh.
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Roszak J, Domeradzka-Gajda K, Smok-Pieniążek A, Kozajda A, Spryszyńska S, Grobelny J, Tomaszewska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Cieślak M, Puchowicz D, Stępnik M. Genotoxic effects in transformed and non-transformed human breast cell lines after exposure to silver nanoparticles in combination with aluminium chloride, butylparaben or di-n-butylphthalate. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:181-193. [PMID: 28893613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study genotoxic effects after combined exposure of human breast cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7 and MDB-MB-231) to silver nanoparticles (AgNP, citrate stabilized, 15 and 45nm by STEM, Ag15 and Ag45, respectively) with aluminium chloride, butylparaben, or di-n-butylphthalate were studied. In MCF-10A cells exposed for 24h to Ag15 at the concentration of 23.5μg/mL a statistically significant increase in DNA damage in comet assay (SSB) was observed. In the presence of the test chemicals the genotoxic effect was decreased to a level comparable to control values. In MCF-7 cells a significant increase in SSB level was observed after exposure to Ag15 at 16.3μg/mL. The effect was also diminished in the presence of the three test chemicals. In MDA-MB-231 cells no significant increase in SSB was observed, however increased level of oxidative DNA damage (incubation with Fpg enzyme) was observed after exposure to combinations of both AgNP with aluminium chloride. No increase in micronuclei formation was observed in neither cell line after the single nor combined treatments. Our results point to a low risk of increased genotoxic effects of AgNP when used in combination with aluminium salts, butylparaben or di-n-butylphthalate in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roszak
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - K Domeradzka-Gajda
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Smok-Pieniążek
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Kozajda
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - S Spryszyńska
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Poland
| | - E Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Poland
| | - K Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, University of Łódź, Poland
| | - M Cieślak
- Scientific Department of Unconventional Technologies and Textiles, Textile Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
| | - D Puchowicz
- Scientific Department of Unconventional Technologies and Textiles, Textile Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Stępnik
- Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
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Cao Y, Long J, Liu L, He T, Jiang L, Zhao C, Li Z. A review of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Life Sci 2017; 186:33-42. [PMID: 28782531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle (NP) induced toxicity is important for nanotoxicological and nanomedicinal studies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle involved in proper protein folding. High levels of misfolded proteins in the ER could lead to a condition termed as ER stress, which may ultimately influence the fate of cells and development of human diseases. In this review, we summarized studies about effects of NP exposure on ER stress. A variety of NPs, especially metal-based NPs, could induce morphological changes of ER and activate ER stress pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, modulation of ER stress by chemicals has been shown to alter the toxicity of NPs. These studies in combination suggested that ER stress could be the mechanism responsible for NP induced toxicity. Meanwhile, nanomedicinal studies also used ER stress inducing NPs or NPs loaded with ER stress inducer to selectively induce ER stress mediated apoptosis in cancer cells for cancer therapy. In contrast, alleviation of ER stress by NPs has also been shown as a strategy to cure metabolic diseases. In conclusion, exposure to NPs may modulate ER stress, which could be a target for future nanotoxicological and nanomedicinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China.
| | - Jimin Long
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
| | - Tong He
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Leying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Chunxue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, PR China
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