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AGE-RAGE stress: a changing landscape in pathology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:95-112. [PMID: 31079281 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous hypotheses including amyloid cascade, cholinergic, and oxidative have been proposed for pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The data suggest that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptor RAGE (receptor for AGE) are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. AGE-RAGE stress, defined as a balance between stressors (AGE, RAGE) and anti-stressors (sRAGE, AGE degraders) in favor of stressors, has been implicated in pathogenesis of diseases. AGE and its interaction with RAGE-mediated increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage brain because of its increased vulnerability to ROS. AGE and ROS increase the synthesis of amyloid β (Aβ) leading to deposition of Aβ and phosphorylation of tau, culminating in formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. ROS increase the synthesis of Aβ, high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), and S100 that interacts with RAGE to produce additional ROS resulting in enhancement of AD pathology. Elevation of ROS precedes the Aβ plaques formation. Because of involvement of AGE and RAGE in AD pathology, the treatment should be targeted at lowering AGE levels through reduction in consumption and formation of AGE, and lowering expression of RAGE, blocking of RAGE ligand binding, increasing levels of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), and use of antioxidants. The above treatment aspect of AD is lacking. In conclusion, AGE-RAGE stress initiates, and Aβ, HMGB1, and S100 enhance the progression of AD. Reduction of levels of AGE and RAGE, elevation of sRAGE, and antioxidants would be beneficial therapeutic modalities in the prevention, regression, and slowing of progression of AD.
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Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Mitochondria and Aging-The Role of Exercise as a Countermeasure. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020040. [PMID: 31083586 PMCID: PMC6627948 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the life and death of most eukaryotic cells by virtue of their ability to supply adenosine triphosphate from aerobic respiration for growth, development, and maintenance of the ‘physiologic reserve’. Although their double-membrane structure and primary role as ‘powerhouses of the cell’ have essentially remained the same for ~2 billion years, they have evolved to regulate other cell functions that contribute to the aging process, such as reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. Biological aging is characterized by buildup of intracellular debris (e.g., oxidative damage, protein aggregates, and lipofuscin), which fuels a ‘vicious cycle’ of cell/DNA danger response activation (CDR and DDR, respectively), chronic inflammation (‘inflammaging’), and progressive cell deterioration. Therapeutic options that coordinately mitigate age-related declines in mitochondria and organelles involved in quality control, repair, and recycling are therefore highly desirable. Rejuvenation by exercise is a non-pharmacological approach that targets all the major hallmarks of aging and extends both health- and lifespan in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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53
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Mediterranean diet, physical activity and subcutaneous advanced glycation end-products’ accumulation: a cross-sectional analysis in the ILERVAS project. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1233-1242. [PMID: 31065845 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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54
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Calbet JAL. The biological and psychosocial aspects of successful aging in high functional elders: A longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29 Suppl 1:5-6. [PMID: 31034659 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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55
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Băbţan AM, Ilea A, Boşca BA, Crişan M, Petrescu NB, Collino M, Sainz RM, Gerlach JQ, Câmpian RS. Advanced glycation end products as biomarkers in systemic diseases: premises and perspectives of salivary advanced glycation end products. Biomark Med 2019; 13:479-495. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycated proteins associated with high dry temperature food processing, coloring and flavor modification of food products. Previous studies on diet-related disease support the role of the glycation products as biomarkers in local and general proinflammatory response. Exogenous and endogenous AGEs are involved in chronic low-level inflammation, which underlies the onset of metabolic syndrome influenced by food intake, there by demonstrating their implication in diet-related pathologies. Although studies have revealed a strong association between the accumulation of AGEs and the occurrence/worsening of metabolic diseases, their routine use for the diagnosis or monitoring of local and general disease has not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida M Băbţan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health & Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Victor Babe? Street, no 15, 400012, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health & Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Victor Babe? Street, no 15, 400012, Romania
| | - Bianca A Boşca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Louis Pasteur Street, no 4, Cluj-Napoca, 400349, Romania
| | - Maria Crişan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Louis Pasteur Street, no 4, Cluj-Napoca, 400349, Romania
| | - Nausica B Petrescu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health & Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Victor Babe? Street, no 15, 400012, Romania
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 33, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Department of Morphology & Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Campus del Cristo. C/Julián Clavería 6. 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jared Q Gerlach
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
| | - Radu S Câmpian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health & Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine & Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Victor Babe? Street, no 15, 400012, Romania
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56
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Eriksen CS, Svensson RB, Gylling AT, Couppé C, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Load magnitude affects patellar tendon mechanical properties but not collagen or collagen cross-linking after long-term strength training in older adults. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:30. [PMID: 30704412 PMCID: PMC6357404 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular loading of tendons may counteract the negative effects of aging. However, the influence of strength training loading magnitude on tendon mechanical properties and its relation to matrix collagen content and collagen cross-linking is sparsely described in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of moderate or high load resistance training on tendon matrix and its mechanical properties. METHODS Seventeen women and 19 men, age 62-70 years, were recruited and randomly allocated to 12 months of heavy load resistance training (HRT), moderate load resistance training (MRT) or control (CON). Pre- and post-intervention testing comprised isometric quadriceps strength test (IsoMVC), ultrasound based testing of in vivo patellar tendon (PT) mechanical properties, MRI-based measurement of PT cross-sectional area (CSA), PT biopsies for assessment of fibril morphology, collagen content, enzymatic cross-links, and tendon fluorescence as a measure of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). RESULTS Thirty three participants completed the intervention and were included in the data analysis. IsoMVC increased more after HRT (+ 21%) than MRT (+ 8%) and CON (+ 7%) (p < 0.05). Tendon stiffness (p < 0.05) and Young's modulus (p = 0.05) were also differently affected by training load with a reduction in CON and MRT but not in HRT. PT-CSA increased equally after both MRT and HRT. Collagen content, fibril morphology, enzymatic cross-links, and tendon fluorescence were unaffected by training. CONCLUSION Despite equal improvements in tendon size after moderate and heavy load resistance training, only heavy. load training seemed to maintain tendon mechanical properties in old age. The effect of load magnitude on tendon biomechanics was unrelated to changes of major load bearing matrix components in the tendon core. The study is a sub-study of the LISA study, which was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02123641) April 25th 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, building 8, 1st floor, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, N, Denmark.
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, building 8, 1st floor, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne T Gylling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, building 8, 1st floor, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, building 8, 1st floor, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, building 8, 1st floor, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, building 8, 1st floor, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, N, Denmark
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Guzzoni V, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Marqueti RDC. Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging. Cells 2018; 7:E251. [PMID: 30544536 PMCID: PMC6316563 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ET), anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), and aging are potential factors that affect tendon homeostasis, particularly extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The goal of this review is to aggregate findings regarding the effects of resistance training (RT), AAS, and aging on tendon homeostasis. Data were gathered from our studies regarding the impact of RT, AAS, and aging on the calcaneal tendon (CT) of rats. We demonstrated a series of detrimental effects of AAS and aging on functional and biomechanical parameters, including the volume density of blood vessel cells, adipose tissue cells, tendon calcification, collagen content, the regulation of the major proteins related to the metabolic/development processes of tendons, and ECM remodeling. Conversely, RT seems to mitigate age-related tendon dysfunction. Our results suggest that AAS combined with high-intensity RT exert harmful effects on ECM remodeling, and also instigate molecular and biomechanical adaptations in the CT. Moreover, we provide further information regarding the harmful effects of AAS on tendons at a transcriptional level, and demonstrate the beneficial effects of RT against the age-induced tendon adaptations of rats. Our studies might contribute in terms of clinical approaches in favor of the benefits of ET against tendinopathy conditions, and provide a warning on the harmful effects of the misuse of AAS on tendon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Guzzoni
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Science, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasília 70840-901, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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58
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Walsh J, Heazlewood IT, Climstein M. Body Mass Index in Master Athletes: Review of the Literature. J Lifestyle Med 2018; 8:79-98. [PMID: 30474004 PMCID: PMC6239137 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2018.8.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Masters athletes (MAs) have led a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or initiated exercise/sport in later life. Given the benefits of physical activity and exercise we investigated if body mass index (BMI), an indirect health indicator of obesity, was clinically superior in MAs as compared to controls or the general population. Methods Seven databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane) were electronically searched for studies on BMI (kg/m2) or as a percentage of BMI categories (underweight, normal, overweight, obesity) in MAs. Results Of the initial yield of 7,431 papers, 60 studies met our inclusion criteria and were used in this literature review. Studies identified were classified as: endurance sports (n = 14), runners (n = 14), mixed sports (n = 8), cyclists (n = 4), soccer (n = 4) swimmers (n = 3), non-specific (n = 3), orienteering (n = 2), World Masters Games (n = 2) and individual sports (n = 5). Where BMI was presented for the group of MAs the mean was 23.8 kg/m2 (± 1.1) with a range from 20.8 kg/m2 (endurance runners) to 27.3 kg/m2 (soccer players), this was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than controls ( −9.5%, 26.13 ± 1.7 kg/m2). Where gender specific BMI was reported the mean for male MAs was 23.6 kg/m2 (± 1.5) (range 22.4 kg/m2 endurance to 26.4 kg/m2 swimmers) and 22.4 kg/m2 (± 1.2) for female MAs (range 20.8 kg/m2 mixed to 24.7 kg/m2 WMG). Conclusion In most, but not all studies the BMI of MAs was significantly lower than controls. A clinically superior BMI affords MAs reduced risk with regard to a number of cardiometabolic diseases, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Walsh
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - Mike Climstein
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Australia
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59
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Delabastita T, Bogaerts S, Vanwanseele B. Age-Related Changes in Achilles Tendon Stiffness and Impact on Functional Activities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 27:1-12. [PMID: 29722592 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Achilles tendon stiffness determines calf muscle functioning during functional activities. However, contrasting evidence was found in studies comparing Achilles tendon stiffness in older and younger adults. Therefore, this systematic review compares Achilles tendon stiffness and elastic modulus in older and younger adults and reviews functional implications. Studies revealed by systematic bibliographic searches were included if healthy older adults were investigated, and if Achilles tendon stiffness was measured using ultrasound and dynamometry. Meta-analyses were performed to compare Achilles tendon stiffness and elastic modulus in older and younger adults. Achilles tendon stiffness (weighted standardized mean difference = 1.40, 95% confidence intervals [0.42-2.38]) and elastic modulus (weighted standardized mean difference = 1.74, 95% confidence intervals [0.99-2.49]) were decreased in older compared with younger adults. Decreased Achilles tendon stiffness was related to walking performance and balance. Possibly, decreased Achilles tendon stiffness is caused by altered elastic modulus in older adults. Training interventions increasing Achilles tendon stiffness could improve functional capacity.
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60
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Addor FAS. Beyond photoaging: additional factors involved in the process of skin aging. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:437-443. [PMID: 30288075 PMCID: PMC6159789 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s177448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies assessing the impact of extrinsic factors on skin aging have increased during the last with the increase in life expectancy. Although most of the studies are about the sun radiation impact, many factors should be considered in elderly people, beyond environmental conditions. Lifestyle factors, like diet, sleeping, smoking, should be analyzed carefully, as common age-related conditions (menopause, diabetes, pulmonary diseases, etc.). All these factors could accelerate the natural decline of skin structure and functions, possibly affecting the responses to treatments and drugs. This review demonstrates that growing evidence regarding environmental factors that are associated with lifestyle and comorbidities deserve greater attention from researchers and dermatologists and may require new approaches in the management of skin aging.
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Abstract
The hierarchical structure of tendon allows for attenuation of mechanical strain down decreasing length scales. While reorganization of collagen fibers accounts for microscale strain attenuation, cross-linking between collagen molecules contributes to deformation mechanisms at the fibrillar and molecular scales. Divalent and trivalent enzymatic cross-links form during the development of collagen fibrils through the enzymatic activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX). By establishing connections between telopeptidyl and triple-helical domains of adjacent molecules within collagen fibrils, these cross-links stiffen the fibrils by resisting intermolecular sliding. Ultimately, greater enzymatic cross-linking leads to less compliant and stronger tendon as a result of stiffer fibrils. In contrast, nonenzymatic cross-links such as glucosepane and pentosidine are not produced during development but slowly accumulate through glycation of collagen. Therefore, these cross-links are only expected to be present in significant quantities in advanced age, where there has been sufficient time for glycation to occur, and in diabetes, where the presence of more free sugar in the extracellular matrix increases the rate of glycation. Unlike enzymatic cross-links, current evidence suggests that nonenzymatic cross-links are at least partially isolated to the surface of collagen fibers. As a result, glycation has been proposed to primarily impact tendon mechanics by altering molecular interactions at the fiber interface, thereby diminishing sliding between fibers. Thus, increased nonenzymatic cross-linking decreases microscale strain attenuation and the viscous response of tendon. In conclusion, enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross-links have demonstrable and distinct effects on the mechanical properties of tendon across different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Eekhoff
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA
| | - Fei Fang
- b Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Columbia University , New York , USA
| | - Spencer P Lake
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA.,c Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA.,d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA
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Slane LC, Dandois F, Bogaerts S, Vandenneucker H, Scheys L. Non-uniformity in the healthy patellar tendon is greater in males and similar in different age groups. J Biomech 2018; 80:16-22. [PMID: 30224164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that tendons are heterogeneous and take advantage of structural mechanisms to enhance performance and reduce injury. Fascicle-sliding, for example, is used by energy-storing tendons to enable them to undergo large extensions while protecting the fascicles from damage. Reductions in fascicle-sliding capacity may thus predispose certain populations to tendinopathy. Evidence from the Achilles tendon of significant superficial-to-deep non-uniformity that is reduced with age supports this theory. Similar patellar tendon non-uniformity has been observed, but the effects of age and sex have yet to be assessed. Healthy adults (n = 50, 25M/25F) from a broad range of ages (23-80) were recruited and non-uniformity was quantified using ultrasound speckle-tracking during passive knee extension. Significant superficial-to-deep non-uniformity and proximal/distal variations were observed. No effect of age was found, but males exhibited significantly greater non-uniformity than females (p < 0.05). The results contrast with previous findings in the Achilles tendon; in this study, tendons and tendon regions at high risk for tendinopathy (i.e. males and proximal regions, respectively) exhibited greater non-uniformity, whereas high-risk Achilles tendons (i.e. older adults) previously showed reduced non-uniformity. This suggests that non-uniformity may be dominated by factors other than fascicle-sliding. Anatomically, the varied proximal attachment of the patellar tendon may influence non-uniformity, with quadriceps passive resistance limiting superficial tendon movement, thus linking flexibility, non-uniformity and injury risk. This study also provides evidence of a differential effect of aging on the patellar tendon compared with evidence from prior studies on other tendons necessitating further study to elucidate links between non-uniformity and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chernak Slane
- KU Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Félix Dandois
- KU Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Bogaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Pellenberg, Pellenberg, Belgium
| | - Hilde Vandenneucker
- KU Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Pellenberg, Pellenberg, Belgium
| | - Lennart Scheys
- KU Leuven, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Pellenberg, Pellenberg, Belgium
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63
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Muscle morphology and performance in master athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:62-82. [PMID: 29715523 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which chronic exercise training preserves age-related decrements in physical function, muscle strength, mass and morphology is unclear. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine to what extent chronically trained master athletes (strength/power and endurance) preserve levels of physical function, muscle strength, muscle mass and morphology in older age, compared with older and younger controls and young trained individuals. METHODS The systematic data search included Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. INCLUSION CRITERIA i) master athletes mean exercise training duration ≥20 years ii) master athletes mean age of cohort >59 years) iii) at least one measurement of muscle mass/volume/fibre-type morphology and/or strength/physical function. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible studies were identified. Meta-analyses were carried out on maximal aerobic capacity, maximal voluntary contraction and body composition. Master endurance athletes (42.0 ± 6.6 ml kg-1 min-1) exhibited VO2max values comparable with young healthy controls (43.1 ± 6.8 ml kg-1 min-1, P = .84), greater than older controls (27.1 ± 4.3 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01) and master strength/power athletes (26.5 ± 2.3 mlkg-1 min-1, P < 0.01), and lower than young endurance trained individuals (60.0 ± 5.4 ml kg-1 min-1, P < 0.01). Master strength/power athletes (0.60 (0.28-0.93) P < 0.01) and young controls (0.71 (0.06-1.36) P < 0.05) were significantly stronger compared with the other groups. Body fat% was greater in master endurance athletes than young endurance trained (-4.44% (-8.44 to -0.43) P < 0.05) but lower compared with older controls (7.11% (5.70-8.52) P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Despite advancing age, this review suggests that chronic exercise training preserves physical function, muscular strength and body fat levels similar to that of young, healthy individuals in an exercise mode-specific manner.
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Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon. J Physiol 2018; 597:1283-1298. [PMID: 29920664 DOI: 10.1113/jp275450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A tendon transfers force from the contracting muscle to the skeletal system to produce movement and is therefore a crucial component of the entire muscle-tendon complex and its function. However, tendon research has for some time focused on mechanical properties without any major appreciation of potential cellular and molecular changes. At the same time, methodological developments have permitted determination of the mechanical properties of human tendons in vivo, which was previously not possible. Here we review the current understanding of how tendons respond to loading, unloading, ageing and injury from cellular, molecular and mechanical points of view. A mechanistic understanding of tendon tissue adaptation will be vital for development of adequate guidelines in physical training and rehabilitation, as well as for optimal injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, NV.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, NV.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, NV.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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65
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Ueno H, Suga T, Miyake Y, Takao K, Tanaka T, Misaki J, Otsuka M, Nagano A, Isaka T. Specific adaptations of patellar and Achilles tendons in male sprinters and endurance runners. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ueno
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - T. Suga
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - Y. Miyake
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - K. Takao
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - J. Misaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - M. Otsuka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - A. Nagano
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
| | - T. Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
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66
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Eriksen CS, Henkel C, Svensson RB, Agergaard AS, Couppé C, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Lower tendon stiffness in very old compared with old individuals is unaffected by short-term resistance training of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:205-214. [PMID: 29596014 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging negatively affects collagen-rich tissue, like tendons, but in vivo tendon mechanical properties and the influence of physical activity after the 8th decade of life remain to be determined. This study aimed to compare in vivo patellar tendon mechanical properties in moderately old (old) and very old adults and the effect of short-term resistance training. Twenty old (9 women, 11 men, >65 yr) and 30 very old (11 women, 19 men, >83 yr) adults were randomly allocated to heavy resistance training (HRT) or no training (CON) and underwent testing of in vivo patellar tendon (PT) mechanical properties and PT dimensions before and after a 3-mo intervention. Previous measurements of muscle properties, blood parameters, and physical activity level were included in the analysis. Data from 9 old HRT, 10 old CON, 14 very old CON, and 12 old HRT adults were analyzed. In addition to lower quadriceps muscle strength and cross-sectional area (CSA), we found lower PT stiffness and Young's modulus ( P < 0.001) and a trend toward the lower mid-portion PT-CSA ( P = 0.09) in very old compared with old subjects. Daily step count was also lower in very old subjects ( P < 0.001). Resistance training improved muscle strength and cross-sectional area equally in old and very old subjects ( P < 0.05) but did not affect PT mechanical properties or dimension. We conclude that PT material properties are reduced in very old age, and this may likely be explained by reduced physical activity. Three months of resistance training however, could not alter PT mechanical properties in very old individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research is the first to quantify in vivo tendon mechanical properties in a group of very old adults in their eighties. Patellar tendon stiffness was lower in very old (87 yr on average) compared with moderately old (68 yr on average) individuals. Reduced physical activity with aging may explain some of the loss in tendon stiffness, but regular heavy resistance training for 3 mo was not sufficient to change tendon mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Skou Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Cecilie Henkel
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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67
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Quinlan JI, Maganaris CN, Franchi MV, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Szewczyk NJ, Greenhaff PL, Phillips BE, Blackwell JI, Boereboom C, Williams JP, Lund J, Narici MV. Muscle and Tendon Contributions to Reduced Rate of Torque Development in Healthy Older Males. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:539-545. [PMID: 28977366 PMCID: PMC5861887 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to rapidly generate and transfer muscle force is essential for effective corrective movements in order to prevent a fall. The aim of this study was to establish the muscle and tendon contributions to differences in rate of torque development (RTD) between younger (YM) and older males (OM). Method Twenty-eight young males (23.9 years ± 1.1) and 22 old males (68.5 years ± 0.5) were recruited for assessment of Quadriceps Anatomical CSA (ACSA), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of torque development (RTD), and tendon biomechanical properties. Activation capacity (AC), maximal muscle twitch df/dt) and time to peak EMG amplitude (TTPE) were also assessed. Results Absolute RTD (aRTD) was lower in OM (577.5 ± 34.6 Nm/s vs 881.7 ± 45.6 Nm/s, p < .0001). RTD remained lower in OM following normalization (nRTD) for muscle ACSA (9.93 ± 0.7 Nm/s/cm2 vs 11.9 ± 0.6 Nm/s/cm2, p < .05). Maximal muscle twitch df/dt (1,086 Nm∙s-1 vs 2,209 Nm∙s-1, p < .0001), TTPE (109.2 ± 8.6ms vs 154.6 ± 16.6 ms, p < .05), and AC (75.8 ± 1.5% vs 80.1 ± 0.9%, p < .01) were all affected in OM. Tendon stiffness was found to be lower in OM (1,222 ± 78.4 N/mm vs 1,771 ± 154.1 N/mm, p < .004). nRTD was significantly correlated with tendon stiffness (R2 = .15). Conclusion These observations provide evidence that in absolute terms, a lower RTD in the elderly adults is caused by slower muscle contraction speeds, slower TTPE, reduced ACSA, reduced MVC, and a decrease in tendon stiffness. Once the RTD is normalized to quadriceps ACSA, only MVC and tendon stiffness remain influential. This strongly reinforces the importance of both muscle and tendon characteristics when considering RTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Quinlan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Constantinos N Maganaris
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Sports and Exercise science, Liverpool John Moore’s Univeristy, UK
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - James I Blackwell
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Catherine Boereboom
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - John P Williams
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - John Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Marco V Narici
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
- Address correspondence to: Marco V. Narici, MSc, PhD, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, Room 4023, The Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK. E-mail:
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68
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McCrum C, Leow P, Epro G, König M, Meijer K, Karamanidis K. Alterations in Leg Extensor Muscle-Tendon Unit Biomechanical Properties With Ageing and Mechanical Loading. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29541035 PMCID: PMC5835978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons transfer forces produced by muscle to the skeletal system and can therefore have a large influence on movement effectiveness and safety. Tendons are mechanosensitive, meaning that they adapt their material, morphological and hence their mechanical properties in response to mechanical loading. Therefore, unloading due to immobilization or inactivity could lead to changes in tendon mechanical properties. Additionally, ageing may influence tendon biomechanical properties directly, as a result of biological changes in the tendon, and indirectly, due to reduced muscle strength and physical activity. This review aimed to examine age-related differences in human leg extensor (triceps surae and quadriceps femoris) muscle-tendon unit biomechanical properties. Additionally, this review aimed to assess if, and to what extent mechanical loading interventions could counteract these changes in older adults. There appear to be consistent reductions in human triceps surae and quadriceps femoris muscle strength, accompanied by similar reductions in tendon stiffness and elastic modulus with ageing, whereas the effect on tendon cross sectional area is unclear. Therefore, the observed age-related changes in tendon stiffness are predominantly due to changes in tendon material rather than size with age. However, human tendons appear to retain their mechanosensitivity with age, as intervention studies report alterations in tendon biomechanical properties in older adults of similar magnitudes to younger adults over 12–14 weeks of training. Interventions should implement tendon strains corresponding to high mechanical loads (i.e., 80–90% MVC) with repetitive loading for up to 3–4 months to successfully counteract age-related changes in leg extensor muscle-tendon unit biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McCrum
- Department of Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pamela Leow
- Department of Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gaspar Epro
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias König
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kiros Karamanidis
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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69
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Lampi MC, Reinhart-King CA. Targeting extracellular matrix stiffness to attenuate disease: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/422/eaao0475. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissues stiffen during aging and during the pathological progression of cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. Extracellular matrix stiffness is emerging as a prominent mechanical cue that precedes disease and drives its progression by altering cellular behaviors. Targeting extracellular matrix mechanics, by preventing or reversing tissue stiffening or interrupting the cellular response, is a therapeutic approach with clinical potential. Major drivers of changes to the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix include phenotypically converted myofibroblasts, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and matrix cross-linking. Potential pharmacological interventions to overcome extracellular matrix stiffening are emerging clinically. Aside from targeting stiffening directly, alternative approaches to mitigate the effects of increased matrix stiffness aim to identify and inhibit the downstream cellular response to matrix stiffness. Therapeutic interventions that target tissue stiffening are discussed in the context of their limitations, preclinical drug development efforts, and clinical trials.
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70
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Skovgaard D, Svensson RB, Scheijen J, Eliasson P, Mogensen P, Hag AMF, Kjær M, Schalkwijk CG, Schjerling P, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. An advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-rich diet promotes accumulation of AGEs in Achilles tendon. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/6/e13215. [PMID: 28336820 PMCID: PMC5371572 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in long‐lived tissue proteins like collagen in bone and tendon causing modification of the biomechanical properties. This has been hypothesized to raise the risk of orthopedic injury such as bone fractures and tendon ruptures. We evaluated the relationship between AGE content in the diet and accumulation of AGEs in weight‐bearing animal Achilles tendon. Two groups of mice (C57BL/6Ntac) were fed with either high‐fat diet low in AGEs high‐fat diet (HFD) (n = 14) or normal diet high in AGEs (ND) (n = 11). AGE content in ND was six to 50‐fold higher than HFD. The mice were sacrificed at week 40 and Achilles and tail tendons were carefully excised to compare weight and nonweight‐bearing tendons. The amount of the AGEs carboxymethyllysine (CML), methylglyoxal‐derived hydroimidazolone (MG‐H1) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in Achilles and tail tendon was measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) and pentosidine with high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent detection. AGEs in Achilles tendon were higher than in tail tendon for CML (P < 0.0001), CEL (P < 0.0001), MG‐H1 and pentosidine (for both ND and HFD) (P < 0.0001). The AGE‐rich diet (ND) resulted in an increase in CML (P < 0.0001), MG‐H1 (P < 0.001) and pentosidine (P < 0.0001) but not CEL, in Achilles and tail tendon. This is the first study to provide evidence for AGE accumulation in injury‐prone, weight‐bearing Achilles tendon associated with intake of an AGE‐rich diet. This indicates that food‐derived AGEs may alter tendon properties and the development of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Skovgaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean Scheijen
- Experimental Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht University Medical Center, Copenhagen, The Netherlands
| | - Pernilla Eliasson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Mogensen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette F Hag
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Experimental Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht University Medical Center, Copenhagen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig P Magnusson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit Bispebjerg Hospital University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine and IOC Research Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit Bispebjerg Hospital University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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71
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Kim CS, Park S, Kim J. The role of glycation in the pathogenesis of aging and its prevention through herbal products and physical exercise. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:55-61. [PMID: 29036767 PMCID: PMC5643203 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic modifications of proteins or lipids after exposure to sugars. In this review, the glycation process and AGEs are introduced, and the harmful effects of AGEs in the aging process are discussed. [Methods] Results from human and animal studies examining the mechanisms and effects of AGEs are considered. In addition, publications addressing means to attenuate glycation stress through AGE inhibitors or physical exercise are reviewed. [Results] AGEs form in hyperglycemic conditions and/or the natural process of aging. Numerous publications have demonstrated acceleration of the aging process by AGEs. Exogenous AGEs in dietary foods also trigger organ dysfunction and tissue aging. Various herbal supplements or regular physical exercise have beneficial effects on glycemic control and oxidative stress with a consequent reduction of AGE accumulation during aging. [Conclusion] The inhibition of AGE formation and accumulation in tissues can lead to an increase in lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Sik Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Park
- Department of Sports Leadership, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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72
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Luévano-Contreras C, Gómez-Ojeda A, Macías-Cervantes MH, Garay-Sevilla ME. Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Cardiometabolic Risk. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28695383 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This report analyzes emerging evidence about the role of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as a cardiometabolic risk factor. Two important aspects are discussed: First, the modulation of AGE load by dietary AGEs; second, if the evidence of clinical and observational studies is enough to make dietary recommendations towards lowering AGE intake. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical studies in subjects with diabetes mellitus have shown that high intake of dietary AGEs increases inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and could impair endothelial function. In subjects at risk for cardiometabolic diseases (with overweight, obesity, or prediabetes), dietary AGE restriction decreases some inflammatory molecules and improves insulin sensitivity. However, studies in healthy subjects are limited, and not all of the studies have shown a decrease in circulating AGEs. Therefore, it is still unclear if dietary AGEs represent a health concern for people potentially at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. The evidence shows that dietary AGEs are bioavailable and absorbed, and the rate of excretion depends on dietary intake. The metabolic fate of most dietary AGEs remains unknown. Regardless, most studies have shown that by diminishing AGE intake, circulating levels will also decrease. Thus, dietary AGEs can modulate the AGE load at least in patients with DM, overweight, or obesity. Studies with specific clinical outcomes and large-scale observational studies are needed for a better risk assessment of dietary AGEs and to establish dietary recommendations accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Luévano-Contreras
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, 20 de Enero 929, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Armando Gómez-Ojeda
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, 20 de Enero 929, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, 20 de Enero 929, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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73
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Drenth H, Zuidema SU, Krijnen WP, Bautmans I, van der Schans C, Hobbelen H. Advanced Glycation End-Products Are Associated With the Presence and Severity of Paratonia in Early Stage Alzheimer Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:636.e7-636.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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74
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Couppé C, Dall CH, Svensson RB, Olsen RH, Karlsen A, Praet S, Prescott E, Magnusson SP. Skin autofluorescence is associated with arterial stiffness and insulin level in endurance runners and healthy controls - Effects of aging and endurance exercise. Exp Gerontol 2017; 91:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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75
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Maessen MFH, Schalkwijk CG, Verheggen RJHM, Aengevaeren VL, Hopman MTE, Eijsvogels TMH. A comparison of dicarbonyl stress and advanced glycation endproducts in lifelong endurance athletes vs. sedentary controls. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:921-926. [PMID: 28416154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dicarbonyl stress and high concentrations of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) relate to an elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training lowers the risk for future CVD. We tested the hypothesis that lifelong endurance athletes have lower dicarbonyl stress and AGEs compared to sedentary controls and that these differences relate to a better cardiovascular health profile. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We included 18 lifelong endurance athletes (ATH, 61±7years) and 18 sedentary controls (SED, 58±7years) and measured circulating glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG) as markers of dicarbonyl stress. Furthermore, we measured serum levels of protein-bound AGEs NƐ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), NƐ-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), and pentosidine. Additionally, we measured cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and cardiovascular health markers. RESULTS ATH had lower concentrations of MGO (196 [180-246] vs. 242 [207-292] nmol/mmol lysine, p=0.043) and 3DG (927 [868-972] vs. 1061 [982-1114] nmol/mmol lysine, p<0.01), but no GO compared to SED. ATH demonstrated higher concentrations CML and CEL compared to SED. Pentosidine did not differ across groups and MG-H1 was significantly lower in ATH compared to SED. Concentrations of MGO en 3DG were inversely correlated with cardiovascular health markers, whereas CML and CEL were positively correlated with VO2peak and cardiovascular health markers. CONCLUSION Lifelong exercise training relates to lower dicarbonyl stress (MGO and 3DG) and the AGE MG-H1. The underlying mechanism and (clinical) relevance of higher CML and CEL concentrations among lifelong athletes warrants future research, since it conflicts with the idea that higher AGE concentrations relate to poor cardiovascular health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn F H Maessen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, The Netherlands; Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.
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76
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Maganaris CN, Chatzistergos P, Reeves ND, Narici MV. Quantification of Internal Stress-Strain Fields in Human Tendon: Unraveling the Mechanisms that Underlie Regional Tendon Adaptations and Mal-Adaptations to Mechanical Loading and the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Eccentric Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28293194 PMCID: PMC5328946 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By virtue of their anatomical location between muscles and bones, tendons make it possible to transform contractile force to joint rotation and locomotion. However, tendons do not behave as rigid links, but exhibit viscoelastic tensile properties, thereby affecting the length and contractile force in the in-series muscle, but also storing and releasing elastic stain energy as some tendons are stretched and recoiled in a cyclic manner during locomotion. In the late 90s, advancements were made in the application of ultrasound scanning that allowed quantifying the tensile deformability and mechanical properties of human tendons in vivo. Since then, the main principles of the ultrasound-based method have been applied by numerous research groups throughout the world and showed that tendons increase their tensile stiffness in response to exercise training and chronic mechanical loading, in general, by increasing their size and improving their intrinsic material. It is often assumed that these changes occur homogenously, in the entire body of the tendon, but recent findings indicate that the adaptations may in fact take place in some but not all tendon regions. The present review focuses on these regional adaptability features and highlights two paradigms where they are particularly evident: (a) Chronic mechanical loading in healthy tendons, and (b) tendinopathy. In the former loading paradigm, local tendon adaptations indicate that certain regions may “see,” and therefore adapt to, increased levels of stress. In the latter paradigm, local pathological features indicate that certain tendon regions may be “stress-shielded” and degenerate over time. Eccentric exercise protocols have successfully been used in the management of tendinopathy, without much sound understanding of the mechanisms underpinning their effectiveness. For insertional tendinopathy, in particular, it is possible that the effectiveness of a loading/rehabilitation protocol depends on the topography of the stress created by the exercise and is not only reliant upon the type of muscle contraction performed. To better understand the micromechanical behavior and regional adaptability/mal-adaptability of tendon tissue it is important to estimate its internal stress-strain fields. Recent relevant advancements in numerical techniques related to tendon loading are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neil D Reeves
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester, UK
| | - Marco V Narici
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
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77
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Svensson RB, Heinemeier KM, Couppé C, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Effect of aging and exercise on the tendon. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1237-1246. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00328.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the literature on how tendons respond and adapt to ageing and exercise. With respect to aging, there are considerable changes early in life, but this seems to be maturation rather than aging per se. In vitro data indicate that aging is associated with a decreased potential for cell proliferation and a reduction in the number of stem/progenitor-like cells. Further, there is persuasive evidence that turnover in the core of the tendon after maturity is very slow or absent. Tendon fibril diameter, collagen content, and whole tendon size appear to be largely unchanged with aging, while glycation-derived cross-links increase substantially. Mechanically, aging appears to be associated with a reduction in modulus and strength. With respect to exercise, tendon cells respond by producing growth factors, and there is some support for a loading-induced increase in tendon collagen synthesis in humans, which likely reflects synthesis at the very periphery of the tendon rather than the core. Average collagen fibril diameter is largely unaffected by exercise, while there can be some hypertrophy of the whole tendon. In addition, it seems that resistance training can yield increased stiffness and modulus of the tendon and may reduce the amount of glycation. Exercise thereby tends to counteract the effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene B. Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Maria Heinemeier
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
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78
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Effect of glycation inhibitors on aging and age-related diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:1-18. [PMID: 27671971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vast evidence supports the view that glycation of proteins is one of the main factors contributing to aging and is an important element of etiopathology of age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, cataract and neurodegenerative diseases. Counteracting glycation can therefore be a means of increasing both the lifespan and healthspan. In this review, accumulation of glycation products during aging is presented, pathophysiological effects of glycation are discussed and ways of attenuation of the effects of glycation are described, concentrating on prevention of glycation. The effects of glycation and glycation inhibitors on the course of selected age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cataract are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-604 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-604 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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79
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Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic rheumatic disease after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation regimen. Qual Life Res 2016; 26:381-391. [PMID: 27600521 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidisciplinary rehabilitation has beneficial effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic rheumatic diseases. However, whether this intervention benefits different age groups in women or men is largely unknown. PURPOSE To investigate HRQoL in patients with chronic rheumatic disease after completion of a 3-week multidisciplinary treatment, with special focus on differences in effect between age and gender groups. METHOD HRQoL was measured with SF-36. Mean scores for all SF-36 domains were compared before and after the 3-week regimen and again at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Multivariable linear regression models using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measurement were employed. A weighting procedure to account for differential dropouts was applied. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-six women and 74 men with chronic rheumatic disease were included. There were short-term improvements in all SF-36 domains irrespective of age or gender. These effects persisted for up to 1 year in the psychological, social, and energy domains for women under 50. We found no lasting effects for men; however, young men showed similar trends. CONCLUSION Inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation improves short-term HRQoL in all patients. Younger women maintain these beneficial effects for up to 1 year. Additional intervention should be considered for elderly women and for men in order to sustain rehabilitation effects.
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80
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Wiesinger HP, Rieder F, Kösters A, Müller E, Seynnes OR. Are Sport-Specific Profiles of Tendon Stiffness and Cross-Sectional Area Determined by Structural or Functional Integrity? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158441. [PMID: 27362657 PMCID: PMC4928785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether distinct sets of tendon properties are seen in athletes engaged in sports with contrasting requirements for tendon function and structural integrity. Patellar and Achilles tendon morphology and force-deformation relation were measured by combining ultrasonography, electromyography and dynamometry in elite ski jumpers, distance runners, water polo players and sedentary individuals. Tendon cross-sectional area normalized to body mass2/3 was smaller in water polo players than in other athletes (patellar and Achilles tendon; -28 to -24%) or controls (patellar tendon only; -9%). In contrast, the normalized cross-sectional area was larger in runners (patellar tendon only; +26%) and ski jumpers (patellar and Achilles tendon; +21% and +13%, respectively) than in controls. Tendon stiffness normalized to body mass2/3 only differed in ski jumpers, compared to controls (patellar and Achilles tendon; +11% and +27%, respectively) and to water polo players (Achilles tendon only; +23%). Tendon size appears as an adjusting variable to changes in loading volume and/or intensity, possibly to preserve ultimate strength or fatigue resistance. However, uncoupled morphological and mechanical properties indicate that functional requirements may also influence tendon adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Wiesinger
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Kösters
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Olivier R. Seynnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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81
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Drenth H, Zuidema S, Bunt S, Bautmans I, van der Schans C, Hobbelen H. The Contribution of Advanced Glycation End product (AGE) accumulation to the decline in motor function. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2016; 13:3. [PMID: 26949420 PMCID: PMC4779236 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-016-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminishing motor function is commonly observed in the elderly population and is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences. Advanced Glycation End products (AGE's) may contribute to age-related decline in the function of cells and tissues in normal ageing. Although the negative effect of AGE's on the biomechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissues and the central nervous system have been previously described, the evidence regarding the effect on motor function is fragmented, and a systematic review on this topic is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted from a total of eight studies describing AGE's related to physical functioning, physical performance, and musculoskeletal outcome which reveals a positive association between high AGE's levels and declined walking abilities, inferior ADL, decreased muscle properties (strength, power and mass) and increased physical frailty. Elevated AGE's levels might be an indication to initiate (early) treatment such as dietary advice, muscle strengthening exercises, and functional training to maintain physical functions. Further longitudinal observational and controlled trial studies are necessary to investigate a causal relationship, and to what extent, high AGE's levels are a contributing risk factor and potential biomarker for a decline in motor function as a component of the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Drenth
- />Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands
- />Zuid Oost Zorg, Organisation for Elderly Care. Burg, Wuiteweg 140, 9203 KP Drachten, The Netherlands
| | - Sytse Zuidema
- />Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 196 9700 AD, Groningen, HPC FA21 The Netherlands
| | - Steven Bunt
- />Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- />Frailty in Ageing Research Group and Gerontology Department, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cees van der Schans
- />Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Hobbelen
- />Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Healthcare and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3109, 9701 DC Groningen, The Netherlands
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82
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Collagen Homeostasis and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:11-25. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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83
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Stenroth L, Cronin NJ, Peltonen J, Korhonen MT, Sipilä S, Finni T. Triceps surae muscle-tendon properties in older endurance- and sprint-trained athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:63-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00511.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aging is associated with alterations in muscle architecture and tendon properties (Morse CI, Thom JM, Birch KM, Narici MV. Acta Physiol Scand 183: 291–298, 2005; Narici MV, Maganaris CN, Reeves ND, Capodaglio P. J Appl Physiol 95: 2229–2234, 2003; Stenroth L, Peltonen J, Cronin NJ, Sipila S, Finni T. J Appl Physiol 113: 1537–1544, 2012). However, the possible influence of different types of regular exercise loading on muscle architecture and tendon properties in older adults is poorly understood. To address this, triceps surae muscle-tendon properties were examined in older male endurance (OE, n = 10, age = 74.0 ± 2.8 yr) and sprint runners (OS, n = 10, age = 74.4 ± 2.8 yr), with an average of 42 yr of regular training experience, and compared with age-matched [older control (OC), n = 33, age = 74.8 ± 3.6 yr] and young untrained controls (YC, n = 18, age = 23.7 ± 2.0 yr). Compared with YC, Achilles tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) was 22% ( P = 0.022), 45% ( P = 0.001), and 71% ( P < 0.001) larger in OC, OE, and OS, respectively. Among older groups, OS had significantly larger tendon CSA compared with OC ( P = 0.033). No significant between-group differences were observed in Achilles tendon stiffness. In older groups, Young's modulus was 31-44%, and maximal tendon stress 44–55% lower, than in YC ( P ≤ 0.001). OE showed shorter soleus fascicle length than both OC ( P < 0.05) and YC ( P < 0.05). These data suggest that long-term running does not counteract the previously reported age-related increase in tendon CSA, but, instead, may have an additive effect. The greatest Achilles tendon CSA was observed in OS followed by OE and OC, suggesting that adaptation to running exercise is loading intensity dependent. Achilles tendon stiffness was maintained in older groups, even though all older groups displayed larger tendon CSA and lower tendon Young's modulus. Shorter soleus muscle fascicles in OE runners may be an adaptation to life-long endurance running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Stenroth
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Neil J. Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
| | - Jussi Peltonen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
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Couppé C, Svensson RB, Kongsgaard M, Kovanen V, Grosset JF, Snorgaard O, Bencke J, Larsen JO, Bandholm T, Christensen TM, Boesen A, Helmark IC, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Human Achilles tendon glycation and function in diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:130-7. [PMID: 26542519 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00547.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have an increased risk of foot ulcers, and glycation of collagen may increase tissue stiffness. We hypothesized that the level of glycemic control (glycation) may affect Achilles tendon stiffness, which can influence gait pattern. We therefore investigated the relationship between collagen glycation, Achilles tendon stiffness parameters, and plantar pressure in poorly (n = 22) and well (n = 22) controlled diabetic patients, including healthy age-matched (45-70 yr) controls (n = 11). There were no differences in any of the outcome parameters (collagen cross-linking or tendon stiffness) between patients with well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes. The overall effect of diabetes was explored by collapsing the diabetes groups (DB) compared with the controls. Skin collagen cross-linking lysylpyridinoline, hydroxylysylpyridinoline (136%, 80%, P < 0.01) and pentosidine concentrations (55%, P < 0.05) were markedly greater in DB. Furthermore, Achilles tendon material stiffness was higher in DB (54%, P < 0.01). Notably, DB also demonstrated higher forefoot/rearfoot peak-plantar-pressure ratio (33%, P < 0.01). Overall, Achilles tendon material stiffness and skin connective tissue cross-linking were greater in diabetic patients compared with controls. The higher foot pressure indicates that material stiffness of tendon and other tissue (e.g., skin and joint capsule) may influence foot gait. The difference in foot pressure distribution may contribute to the development of foot ulcers in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Couppé
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Rene Brüggebusch Svensson
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kongsgaard
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jean-Francois Grosset
- CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Paris, France
| | - Ole Snorgaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bencke
- Gait Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jytte Overgaard Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen, Department of Physical Therapy, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Boesen
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Carøe Helmark
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Peter Magnusson
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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85
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Karlsen A, Couppé C, Andersen JL, Mikkelsen UR, Nielsen RH, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Matters of fiber size and myonuclear domain: Does size matter more than age? Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:1040-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ulla R. Mikkelsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rie H. Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M; Bispebjerg Hospital; Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Ohno RI, Moroishi N, Sugawa H, Maejima K, Saigusa M, Yamanaka M, Nagai M, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Nagai R. Mangosteen pericarp extract inhibits the formation of pentosidine and ameliorates skin elasticity. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:27-32. [PMID: 26236097 PMCID: PMC4512896 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) by daily meals is believed to become an effective prevention for lifestyle-related diseases. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of hot water extracts of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp (WEM) on the formation of pentosidine, one of AGEs, in vitro and in vivo and the remedial effect on skin conditions were measured. WEM significantly inhibited pentosidine formation during gelatin incubation with ribose. Several compounds purified from WEM, such as garcimangosone D and rhodanthenone B, were identified as inhibitors of pentosidine formation. Oral administration of WEM at 100 mg/day to volunteer subjects for 3 months reduced the serum pentosidine contents. Because obtaining skin biopsies from healthy volunteers is ethically difficult, AGE accumulation in the skin was estimated by a fluorescence detector. The oral administration of WEM significantly reduced the skin autofluorescence intensity, demonstrating that WEM also reduced AGE accumulation in the skin. Furthermore, the elasticity and moisture content of the skin was also improved by WEM. These results demonstrate that intakes of WEM reduces the glycation stress and results in the improvement of skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei-Ichi Ohno
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Narumi Moroishi
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Food Development Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho-monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Musashi Saigusa
- Food Development Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho-monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan ; Engineering Department 2, Product Development Center, New Business Development Division, SHARP Corporation, 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-8567, Japan
| | - Mime Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
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Exercise and Regulation of Bone and Collagen Tissue Biology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:259-91. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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88
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Svensson RB, Couppé C, Magnusson SP. Mechanical Properties of the Aging Tendon. ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03970-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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