51
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Dräger NM, Nachman E, Winterhoff M, Brühmann S, Shah P, Katsinelos T, Boulant S, Teleman AA, Faix J, Jahn TR. Bin1 directly remodels actin dynamics through its BAR domain. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2051-2066. [PMID: 28893863 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic processes are facilitated by both curvature-generating BAR-domain proteins and the coordinated polymerization of actin filaments. Under physiological conditions, the N-BAR protein Bin1 has been shown to sense and curve membranes in a variety of cellular processes. Recent studies have identified Bin1 as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, although its possible pathological function in neurodegeneration is currently unknown. Here, we report that Bin1 not only shapes membranes, but is also directly involved in actin binding through its BAR domain. We observed a moderate actin bundling activity by human Bin1 and describe its ability to stabilize actin filaments against depolymerization. Moreover, Bin1 is also involved in stabilizing tau-induced actin bundles, which are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. We also provide evidence for this effect in vivo, where we observed that downregulation of Bin1 in a Drosophila model of tauopathy significantly reduces the appearance of tau-induced actin inclusions. Together, these findings reveal the ability of Bin1 to modify actin dynamics and provide a possible mechanistic connection between Bin1 and tau-induced pathobiological changes of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Dräger
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliana Nachman
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Winterhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Brühmann
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pranav Shah
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cellular polarity and viral infection (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cellular polarity and viral infection (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism (B140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas R Jahn
- Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Disease (B180), Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
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52
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Abstract
Moving the nucleus to a specific position within the cell is an important event during many cell and developmental processes. Several different molecular mechanisms exist to position nuclei in various cell types. In this Commentary, we review the recent progress made in elucidating mechanisms of nuclear migration in a variety of important developmental models. Genetic approaches to identify mutations that disrupt nuclear migration in yeast, filamentous fungi, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and plants led to the identification of microtubule motors, as well as Sad1p, UNC-84 (SUN) domain and Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne homology (KASH) domain proteins (LINC complex) that function to connect nuclei to the cytoskeleton. We focus on how these proteins and various mechanisms move nuclei during vertebrate development, including processes related to wound healing of fibroblasts, fertilization, developing myotubes and the developing central nervous system. We also describe how nuclear migration is involved in cells that migrate through constricted spaces. On the basis of these findings, it is becoming increasingly clear that defects in nuclear positioning are associated with human diseases, syndromes and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Bone
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel A Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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53
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Collins MA, Mandigo TR, Camuglia JM, Vazquez GA, Anderson AJ, Hudson CH, Hanron JL, Folker ES. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy-linked genes and centronuclear myopathy-linked genes regulate myonuclear movement by distinct mechanisms. Mol Biol Cell 2017. [PMID: 28637766 PMCID: PMC5555658 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila is used as a model system to show that the common phenotype of mispositioned nuclei occurs via distinct mechanisms in Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and centronuclear myopathy. Muscle cells are a syncytium in which the many nuclei are positioned to maximize the distance between adjacent nuclei. Although mispositioned nuclei are correlated with many muscle disorders, it is not known whether this common phenotype is the result of a common mechanism. To answer this question, we disrupted the expression of genes linked to Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and centronuclear myopathy (CNM) in Drosophila and evaluated the position of the nuclei. We found that the genes linked to EDMD and CNM were each necessary to properly position nuclei. However, the specific phenotypes were different. EDMD-linked genes were necessary for the initial separation of nuclei into distinct clusters, suggesting that these factors relieve interactions between nuclei. CNM-linked genes were necessary to maintain the nuclei within clusters as they moved toward the muscle ends, suggesting that these factors were necessary to maintain interactions between nuclei. Together these data suggest that nuclear position is disrupted by distinct mechanisms in EDMD and CNM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John L Hanron
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Eric S Folker
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
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54
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Maninova M, Caslavsky J, Vomastek T. The assembly and function of perinuclear actin cap in migrating cells. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1207-1218. [PMID: 28101692 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stress fibers are actin bundles encompassing actin filaments, actin-crosslinking, and actin-associated proteins that represent the major contractile system in the cell. Different types of stress fibers assemble in adherent cells, and they are central to diverse cellular processes including establishment of the cell shape, morphogenesis, cell polarization, and migration. Stress fibers display specific cellular organization and localization, with ventral fibers present at the basal side, and dorsal fibers and transverse actin arcs rising at the cell front from the ventral to the dorsal side and toward the nucleus. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are a specific subtype of stress fibers that rise from the leading edge above the nucleus and terminate at the cell rear forming a dome-like structure. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are fixed at three points: both ends are anchored in focal adhesions, while the central part is physically attached to the nucleus and nuclear lamina through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Here, we discuss recent work that provides new insights into the mechanism of assembly and the function of these actin stress fibers that directly link extracellular matrix and focal adhesions with the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslava Maninova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Caslavsky
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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55
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Abstract
The regulation of nuclear shape and deformability is a key factor in controlling diverse events from embryonic development to cancer cell metastasis, but the mechanisms governing this process are still unclear. Our recent study demonstrated an unexpected role for the F-actin bundling protein fascin in controlling nuclear plasticity through a direct interaction with Nesprin-2. Nesprin-2 is a component of the LINC complex that is known to couple the F-actin cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. We demonstrated that fascin, which is predominantly associated with peripheral F-actin rich filopodia, binds directly to Nesprin-2 at the nuclear envelope in a range of cell types. Depleting fascin or specifically blocking the fascin-Nesprin-2 complex leads to defects in nuclear polarization, movement and cell invasion. These studies reveal a novel role for an F-actin bundling protein in control of nuclear plasticity and underline the importance of defining nuclear-associated roles for F-actin binding proteins in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pfisterer
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London, New Hunts House , Guys Campus, London , UK
| | - Asier Jayo
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London, New Hunts House , Guys Campus, London , UK.,b Department of Basic Sciences , Physiology Unit, San Pablo CEU University , Monteprincipe Campus, Madrid , Spain
| | - Maddy Parsons
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London, New Hunts House , Guys Campus, London , UK
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56
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Cohen-Fix O, Askjaer P. Cell Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nucleus. Genetics 2017; 205:25-59. [PMID: 28049702 PMCID: PMC5216270 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.197160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the Caenorhabditis elegans nucleus have provided fascinating insight to the organization and activities of eukaryotic cells. Being the organelle that holds the genetic blueprint of the cell, the nucleus is critical for basically every aspect of cell biology. The stereotypical development of C. elegans from a one cell-stage embryo to a fertile hermaphrodite with 959 somatic nuclei has allowed the identification of mutants with specific alterations in gene expression programs, nuclear morphology, or nuclear positioning. Moreover, the early C. elegans embryo is an excellent model to dissect the mitotic processes of nuclear disassembly and reformation with high spatiotemporal resolution. We review here several features of the C. elegans nucleus, including its composition, structure, and dynamics. We also discuss the spatial organization of chromatin and regulation of gene expression and how this depends on tight control of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Finally, the extensive connections of the nucleus with the cytoskeleton and their implications during development are described. Most processes of the C. elegans nucleus are evolutionarily conserved, highlighting the relevance of this powerful and versatile model organism to human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Cohen-Fix
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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57
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Walmsley GL, Blot S, Venner K, Sewry C, Laporte J, Blondelle J, Barthélémy I, Maurer M, Blanchard-Gutton N, Pilot-Storck F, Tiret L, Piercy RJ. Progressive Structural Defects in Canine Centronuclear Myopathy Indicate a Role for HACD1 in Maintaining Skeletal Muscle Membrane Systems. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:441-456. [PMID: 27939133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in HACD1/PTPLA cause recessive congenital myopathies in humans and dogs. Hydroxyacyl-coA dehydratases are required for elongation of very long chain fatty acids, and HACD1 has a role in early myogenesis, but the functions of this striated muscle-specific enzyme in more differentiated skeletal muscle remain unknown. Canine HACD1 deficiency is histopathologically classified as a centronuclear myopathy (CNM). We investigated the hypothesis that muscle from HACD1-deficient dogs has membrane abnormalities in common with CNMs with different genetic causes. We found progressive changes in tubuloreticular and sarcolemmal membranes and mislocalized triads and mitochondria in skeletal muscle from animals deficient in HACD1. Furthermore, comparable membranous abnormalities in cultured HACD1-deficient myotubes provide additional evidence that these defects are a primary consequence of altered HACD1 expression. Our novel findings, including T-tubule dilatation and disorganization, associated with defects in this additional CNM-associated gene provide a definitive pathophysiologic link with these disorders, confirm that dogs deficient in HACD1 are relevant models, and strengthen the evidence for a unifying pathogenesis in CNMs via defective membrane trafficking and excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. These results build on previous work by determining further functional roles of HACD1 in muscle and provide new insight into the pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms of HACD1 CNM. Consequently, alterations in membrane properties associated with HACD1 mutations should be investigated in humans with related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Walmsley
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stéphane Blot
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kerrie Venner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology (IGBMC), Inserm U964, CNRS UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Jordan Blondelle
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Maurer
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB) U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, Créteil, France; University of Paris East, Alfort School of Veterinary Medicine (EnvA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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58
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Yu J, Ma Z, Shetty S, Ma M, Fu J. Selective HDAC6 inhibition prevents TNF-α-induced lung endothelial cell barrier disruption and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L39-47. [PMID: 27190059 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00051.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelial damage contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. New strategies against lung endothelial barrier dysfunction may provide therapeutic benefits against lung vascular injury. Cell-cell junctions and microtubule cytoskeleton are basic components in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity. HDAC6, a deacetylase primarily localized in the cytoplasm, has been reported to modulate nonnuclear protein function through deacetylation. Both α-tubulin and β-catenin are substrates for HDAC6. Here, we examined the effects of tubastatin A, a highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor, on TNF-α induced lung endothelial cell barrier disruption and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema. Selective HDAC6 inhibition by tubastatin A blocked TNF-α-induced lung endothelial cell hyperpermeability, which was associated with increased α-tubulin acetylation and microtubule stability. Tubastatin A pretreatment inhibited TNF-α-induced endothelial cell contraction and actin stress fiber formation with reduced myosin light chain phosphorylation. Selective HDAC6 inhibition by tubastatin A also induced β-catenin acetylation in human lung endothelial cells, which was associated with increased membrane localization of β-catenin and stabilization of adherens junctions. HDAC6 knockdown by small interfering RNA also prevented TNF-α-induced barrier dysfunction and increased α-tubulin and β-catenin acetylation in endothelial cells. Furthermore, in a mouse model of endotoxemia, tubastatin A was able to prevent endotoxin-induced deacetylation of α-tubulin and β-catenin in lung tissues, which was associated with reduced pulmonary edema. Collectively, our data indicate that selective HDAC6 inhibition by tubastatin A is a potent approach against lung endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Yu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
| | - Zhongsen Ma
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas
| | - Mengshi Ma
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
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59
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Quintin S, Gally C, Labouesse M. Noncentrosomal microtubules in C. elegans epithelia. Genesis 2016; 54:229-42. [PMID: 26789944 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton has a dual contribution to cell organization. First, microtubules help displace chromosomes and provide tracks for organelle transport. Second, microtubule rigidity confers specific mechanical properties to cells, which are crucial in cilia or mechanosensory structures. Here we review the recently uncovered organization and functions of noncentrosomal microtubules in C. elegans epithelia, focusing on how they contribute to nuclear positioning and protein transport. In addition, we describe recent data illustrating how the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons interact to achieve those functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quintin
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67400, France
| | - Christelle Gally
- Development and Stem Cells Department, IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67400, France
| | - Michel Labouesse
- Université Pierre Et Marie Curie, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, 7 Quai St-Bernard, Paris, 75005, France
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