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McWalter E, Gold G. UTE T2∗ mapping detects sub-clinical meniscus degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:471-2. [PMID: 22406647 PMCID: PMC3672418 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.02.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G.E. Gold
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: GE. Gold, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, P-271, The Lucas Center, Mail Code 5488, Route 8, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA. Tel: 1-650-725-0130; Fax: 1-650-725-7296. (G.E. Gold)
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UTE-T2∗ mapping detects sub-clinical meniscus injury after anterior cruciate ligament tear. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:486-94. [PMID: 22306000 PMCID: PMC5823016 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus tear is a known risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Quantitative assessment of meniscus degeneration, prior to surface break-down, is important to identification of early disease potentially amenable to therapeutic interventions. This work examines the diagnostic potential of ultrashort echo time-enhanced T2∗ (UTE-T2∗) mapping to detect human meniscus degeneration in vitro and in vivo in subjects at risk of developing OA. DESIGN UTE-T2∗ maps of 16 human cadaver menisci were compared to histological evaluations of meniscal structural integrity and clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment by a musculoskeletal radiologist. In vivo UTE-T2∗ maps were compared in 10 asymptomatic subjects and 25 ACL-injured patients with and without concomitant meniscal tear. RESULTS In vitro, UTE-T2∗ values tended to be lower in histologically and clinically normal meniscus tissue and higher in torn or degenerate tissue. UTE-T2∗ map heterogeneity reflected collagen disorganization. In vivo, asymptomatic meniscus UTE-T2∗ values were repeatable within 9% (root-mean-square average coefficient of variation). Posteromedial meniscus UTE-T2∗ values in ACL-injured subjects with clinically diagnosed medial meniscus tear (n=10) were 87% higher than asymptomatics (n=10, P<0.001). Posteromedial menisci UTE-T2∗ values of ACL-injured subjects without concomitant medial meniscal tear (n=15) were 33% higher than asymptomatics (P=0.001). Posterolateral menisci UTE-T2∗ values also varied significantly with degree of joint pathology (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Significant elevations of UTE-T2∗ values in the menisci of ACL-injured subjects without clinical evidence of subsurface meniscal abnormality suggest that UTE-T2∗ mapping is sensitive to sub-clinical meniscus degeneration. Further study is needed to determine whether elevated subsurface meniscus UTE-T2∗ values predict progression of meniscal degeneration and development of OA.
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Du J, Statum S, Znamirowski R, Bydder GM, Chung CB. Ultrashort TE T
1
ρ magic angle imaging. Magn Reson Med 2012; 69:682-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that results in cartilage degeneration in the joints and is a disabling condition for millions of individuals. Poor sensitivity and specificity of standard diagnostic methods have relegated treatment options to mitigating pain or surgical replacement. The advent of disease-modifying drugs holds the potential for reversing the normal course of OA and rebuilding cartilage. To aid these therapies, novel magnetic resonance imaging-based tools are required for detecting subtle early changes in cartilage physiology due to OA that may provide improved diagnoses and clinical management of patients. Some of the techniques reviewed here such as T1ρ and T2 relaxometry, magnetization transfer, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and Na magnetic resonance imaging are all biomarkers of cartilage pathological diseases that are sensitive to early biochemical changes in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. These techniques have the potential to noninvasively detect early pathological changes with the goal of aiding clinical decision making as well as contributing to the development and evaluation of potential disease-modifying therapies.
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Conventional and ultrashort time-to-echo magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage, meniscus, and intervertebral disk. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 21:275-89. [PMID: 22129641 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e31823ccebc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of musculoskeletal tissues is being performed routinely for diagnoses of injury and diseases. Although conventional MRI using spin echo sequences has been effective, a number of important musculoskeletal soft tissues remain "magnetic resonance-invisible" because of their intrinsically short T2 values resulting in a rapid signal decay. This makes visualization and quantitative characterization difficult. With the advent and refinement of ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) MRI techniques, it is now possible to directly visualize and quantitatively characterize these tissues. This review explores the anatomy, conventional MRI, and UTE MRI of articular cartilage, meniscus of the knee, and intervertebral disks and provides a survey of magnetic resonance studies used to better understand tissue structure, composition, and function, as well as subtle changes in diseases.
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Wang N, Xia Y. Depth and orientational dependencies of MRI T(2) and T(1ρ) sensitivities towards trypsin degradation and Gd-DTPA(2-) presence in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:361-70. [PMID: 22244543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depth and orientational dependencies of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T(2) and T(1ρ) sensitivities were studied in native and trypsin-degraded articular cartilage before and after being soaked in 1 mM Gd-DTPA(2-) solution. When the cartilage surface was perpendicular to B(0), a typical laminar appearance was visible in T(2)-weighted images but not in T(1ρ)-weighted images, especially when the spin-lock field was high (2 kHz). At the magic angle (55°) orientation, neither T(2)- nor T(1ρ)-weighted image had a laminar appearance. Trypsin degradation caused a depth- and orientational-dependent T(2) increase (4%-64%) and a more uniform T(1ρ) increase at a sufficiently high spin-lock field (55%-81%). The presence of the Gd ions caused both T(2) and T(1ρ) to decrease significantly in the degraded tissue (6%-38% and 44%-49%, respectively) but less notably in the native tissue (5%-10% and 16%-28%, respectively). A quantity Sensitivity was introduced that combined both the percentage change and the absolute change in the relaxation analysis. An MRI experimental protocol based on two T(1ρ) measurements (without and with the presence of the Gd ions) was proposed to be a new imaging marker for cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Orientational dependent sensitivities of T2 and T1ρ towards trypsin degradation and Gd-DTPA2- presence in bovine nasal cartilage. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 25:297-304. [PMID: 22071581 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-011-0288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the orientational dependencies of T(2) and T(1ρ) in native and trypsin-degraded bovine nasal cartilage, with and without the presence of 1 mM Gd-DTPA(2-). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen specimens were prepared in two orthogonal fibril directions (parallel and perpendicular), treated using different protocols (native, Gd treated, trypsin-treated, and combination), and imaged using μMRI at 0° and 55° (the magic angle) fibril orientations with respect to the magnetic field B(0). Two-dimensional (2D) T(2) and T(1ρ) images were then calculated quantitatively. RESULTS Without Gd, native perpendicular tissues demonstrated significant T(1ρ) dispersion (including T(2) at the zero spin-lock field) at 0° and less dispersion at 55°, while native parallel specimens exhibited smaller T(1ρ) dispersion at both 0° and 55°. Trypsin degradation caused a minimum 50% increase in T(1ρ). With Gd, trypsin degradation caused significant reduction in T(1ρ) values up to 60%. CONCLUSION The collagen orientation in nasal cartilage can influence T(2) and T(1ρ) MRI of cartilage. Without Gd, T(1ρ) was sensitive to the proteoglycan content and its sensitivity was nearly constant regardless of fibril orientation. In comparison, the T(2) sensitivity to proteoglycan was dependant upon fibril orientation, i.e., more sensitive at 55° than 0°. When Gd ions were present, both T(2) and T(1ρ) became insensitive to the proteoglycan content.
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Wang N, Xia Y. Dependencies of multi-component T2 and T1ρ relaxation on the anisotropy of collagen fibrils in bovine nasal cartilage. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 212:124-32. [PMID: 21788148 PMCID: PMC3163824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Both NMR spectroscopy and MRI were used to investigate the dependencies of multi-component T2 and T1ρ relaxation on the anisotropy of bovine nasal cartilage (BNC). The non-negative least square (NNLS) method and the multi-exponential fitting method were used to analyze all experimental data. When the collagen fibrils in nasal cartilage were oriented at the magic angle (55°) to the magnetic field B0, both T2 and T1ρ were single component, regardless of the spin-lock field strength or the echo spacing time in the pulse sequences. When the collagen fibrils in nasal cartilage were oriented at 0° to B0, both T2 and T1ρ at a spin-lock field of 500 Hz had two components. When the spin-lock field was increased to 1000 Hz or higher, T1ρ relaxation in nasal cartilage became a single component, even when the specimen orientation was 0°. These results demonstrate that the specimen orientation must be considered for any multi-component analysis, even for nasal cartilage that is commonly considered homogenously structured. Since the rapidly and slowly relaxing components can be attributed to different portions of the water population in tissue, the ability to resolve different relaxation components could be used to quantitatively examine individual molecular components in connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Xia
- Corresponding Author and Address Yang Xia, PhD Department of Physics, Oakland University Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA Phone: (248) 370-3420 Fax: (248) 370-3408
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Winalski CS, Rajiah P. The evolution of articular cartilage imaging and its impact on clinical practice. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40:1197-222. [PMID: 21847750 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-011-1226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, articular cartilage imaging has developed rapidly. Imaging now plays a critical role not only in clinical practice and therapeutic decisions but also in the basic research probing our understanding of cartilage physiology and biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl S Winalski
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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60
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Strickland CD, Kijowski R. Morphologic Imaging of Articular Cartilage. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2011; 19:229-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stehling C, Luke A, Stahl R, Baum T, Joseph G, Pan J, Link TM. Meniscal T1rho and T2 measured with 3.0T MRI increases directly after running a marathon. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40:725-35. [PMID: 21052658 PMCID: PMC3078310 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-010-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate changes in T1rho and T2 relaxation time in the meniscus using 3.0 T MRI in asymptomatic knees of marathon runners and to compare these findings with those of age-matched healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen marathon runners underwent 3.0 T MRI including T1rho and T2 mapping sequences before, 48-72 h after, and 3 months after competition. Ten controls were examined at baseline and after 3 months. All images were analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists identifying and grading cartilage, meniscal, ligamentous. and other knee abnormalities with WORMS scores. Meniscal segmentation was performed to generate T1rho and T2 maps in six compartments. RESULTS No differences in morphological knee abnormalities were found before and after the marathon. However, all marathon runners showed a significant increase in T1rho and T2 values after competition in all meniscus compartments (p < 0.0001), which may indicate changes in the biochemical composition of meniscal tissue. While T2 values decreased after 3 months T1rho values remained at a high level, indicating persisting changes in the meniscal matrix composition after a marathon. CONCLUSION T2 values in menisci have the potential to be used as biomarkers for identifying reversible meniscus matrix changes indicating potential tissue damage. T1rho values need further study, but may be a valuable marker for diagnosing early, degenerative changes in the menisci following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stehling
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Group (MQIR), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA ,Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anthony Luke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Robert Stahl
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Group (MQIR), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA ,Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Group (MQIR), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Gabby Joseph
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Group (MQIR), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Judong Pan
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Group (MQIR), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
| | - Thomas M. Link
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Group (MQIR), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
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Imaging of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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63
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Li X, Kuo D, Theologis A, Carballido-Gamio J, Stehling C, Link TM, Ma CB, Majumdar S. Cartilage in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees: MR imaging T1{rho} and T2--initial experience with 1-year follow-up. Radiology 2010; 258:505-14. [PMID: 21177392 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To longitudinally evaluate cartilage matrix changes by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging T1(ρ) (T1 relaxation time in rotating frame) and T2 quantification and to study the relationship between meniscal damage and cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstructed knees. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study. Informed consent was obtained. Twelve patients with acute ACL injuries were imaged with 3.0-T MR imaging at baseline (after injury and prior to ACL reconstruction) and 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Ten age-matched healthy subjects were studied as controls. Cartilage T1(ρ) and T2 were quantified in full thickness, superficial, and deep layers of defined subcompartments at baseline and follow-up in ACL-injured knees and were compared with measures acquired in matched regions of control knees. Meniscal lesions were graded by using modified subscores of the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score system. RESULTS T1(ρ) values of the posterolateral tibial cartilage in ACL-injured knees were significantly elevated at baseline compared with T1(ρ)values of control knees and were not fully recovered at 1-year follow-up. T1(ρ) values of weight-bearing medial femorotibial cartilage in ACL-injured knees were significantly elevated at 1-year follow-up compared with those of control knees. No significant differences in T2 values between ACL-injured and control knees were found. Patients with lesions in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus showed a greater increase of T1(ρ) and T2 from baseline to follow-up in adjacent cartilage than patients without lesions in the medial meniscus. CONCLUSION Quantitative MR imaging T1(ρ) and T2 enable detection of changes in the cartilage matrix of ACL-reconstructed knees as early as 1 year after ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, China Basin Landing, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. xiaojuan.li
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Luke AC, Stehling C, Stahl R, Li X, Kay T, Takamoto S, Ma B, Majumdar S, Link T. High-field magnetic resonance imaging assessment of articular cartilage before and after marathon running: does long-distance running lead to cartilage damage? Am J Sports Med 2010; 38:2273-80. [PMID: 20631252 DOI: 10.1177/0363546510372799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continuing controversy whether long-distance running results in irreversible articular cartilage damage. New quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques used at 3.0 T have been developed including T1rho (T1ρ) and T2 relaxation time measurements that detect early cartilage proteoglycan and collagen breakdown. HYPOTHESIS Marathon runners will demonstrate T1ρ and T2 changes in articular cartilage on MRI after a marathon, which are not seen in nonrunners. These changes are reversible. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Ten asymptomatic marathon runners had 3-T knee MRI scans 2 weeks before, within 48 hours after, and 10 to 12 weeks after running a marathon. The T1ρ and T2 MRI sequences in runners were compared with those of 10 age- and gender-matched controls who had MRI performed at baseline and 10 to 12 weeks. RESULTS Runners did not demonstrate any gross morphologic MRI changes after running a marathon. Postmarathon studies, however, revealed significantly higher T2 and T1ρ values in all articular cartilage areas of the knee (P < .01) except the lateral compartment. The T2 values recovered to baseline except in the medial femoral condyle after 3 months. Average T1ρ values increased after the marathon from 37.0 to 38.9 (P < .001) and remained increased at 3 months. CONCLUSION Runners showed elevated T1ρ and T2 values after a marathon, suggesting biochemical changes in articular cartilage, T1ρ values remain elevated after 3 months of reduced activity. The patellofemoral joint and medial compartment of the knee show the highest signal changes, suggesting they are at higher risk for degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Luke
- Anthony C. Luke, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Orthopaedics, 500 Parnassus Ave, MU-320W, San Francisco, CA 94143-0728, USA.
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Zarins Z, Bolbos R, Pialat JB, Link T, Li X, Souza R, Majumdar S. Cartilage and meniscus assessment using T1rho and T2 measurements in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1408-16. [PMID: 20696262 PMCID: PMC2975868 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate meniscal degeneration in healthy subjects and subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) using T(1ρ) and T(2) measurements and to examine the interrelationship between cartilage and meniscus abnormalities. METHODS Quantitative assessment of cartilage and meniscus was performed using 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with a T(1ρ) and T(2) mapping technique in 19 controls and 44 OA patients. A sagittal T(2)-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) fat-saturated image was acquired for cartilage and meniscal Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) assessment. Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were obtained to assess clinical symptoms. RESULTS The posterior horn of the medial meniscus (PHMED) had the highest incidence of degeneration. Stratifying subjects on the basis of PHMED grade revealed that the T(1ρ) and the T(2) measurements of the PHMED and the medial tibial (MT) cartilage were higher in subjects having a meniscal tear (meniscal grade 2-4) compared to subjects with a meniscal grade of 0 or 1 (P<0.05). While not statistically significant, there was a trend for T(1ρ) and T(2) being higher in PHMED grade 1 compared to grade 0 (P=0.094, P=0.073 respectively). WOMAC scores had a stronger correlation with meniscus relaxation measures than cartilage measures. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic Resonance (MR) T(1ρ) and T(2) measurements provide a non-invasive means of detecting and quantifying the severity of meniscal degeneration. Meniscal damage has been implicated in OA progression and is correlated with cartilage degeneration. Early detection of meniscal damage represented by elevations in meniscal relaxation measures may identify subjects at increased risk for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.A. Zarins
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R.I. Bolbos
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. B. Pialat
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA,INSERM Research Unit 831, University of Lyon and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - T.M. Link
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - R.B. Souza
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA,INSERM Research Unit 831, University of Lyon and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - S. Majumdar
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that results in cartilage degeneration in the joints and is a disabling condition for millions of individuals. Poor sensitivity and specificity of standard diagnostic methods have relegated treatment options to mitigating pain or surgical replacement. The advent of disease-modifying drugs holds the potential for reversing the normal course of OA and rebuilding cartilage. To aid these therapies, novel magnetic resonance imaging-based tools are required for detecting subtle early changes in cartilage physiology due to OA that may provide improved diagnoses and clinical management of patients. Some of the techniques reviewed here such as T1ρ and T2 relaxometry, magnetization transfer, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and Na magnetic resonance imaging are all biomarkers of cartilage pathological diseases that are sensitive to early biochemical changes in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. These techniques have the potential to noninvasively detect early pathological changes with the goal of aiding clinical decision making as well as contributing to the development and evaluation of potential disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijitt Borthakur
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA.
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67
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Du J, Carl M, Diaz E, Takahashi A, Han E, Szeverenyi NM, Chung CB, Bydder GM. Ultrashort TE T
1
rho (UTE T
1
rho) imaging of the Achilles tendon and meniscus. Magn Reson Med 2010; 64:834-42. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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68
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Van de Velde SK, Bingham JT, Hosseini A, Kozanek M, DeFrate LE, Gill TJ, Li G. Increased tibiofemoral cartilage contact deformation in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3693-702. [PMID: 19950260 DOI: 10.1002/art.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vivo cartilage contact biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHODS Eight patients with an isolated ACL injury in 1 knee, with the contralateral side intact, participated in the study. Both knees were imaged using a specific magnetic resonance sequence to create 3-dimensional models of knee bone and cartilage. Next, each patient performed a lunge motion from 0 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion as images were recorded with a dual fluoroscopic system. The three-dimensional knee models and fluoroscopic images were used to reproduce the in vivo knee position at each flexion angle. With this series of knee models, the location of the tibiofemoral cartilage contact, size of the contact area, cartilage thickness at the contact area, and magnitude of the cartilage contact deformation were compared between intact and ACL-deficient knees. RESULTS Rupture of the ACL changed the cartilage contact biomechanics between 0 degrees and 60 degrees of flexion in the medial compartment of the knee. Compared with the contralateral knee, the location of peak cartilage contact deformation on the tibial plateaus was more posterior and lateral, the contact area was smaller, the average cartilage thickness at the tibial cartilage contact area was thinner, and the resultant magnitude of cartilage contact deformation was increased. Similar changes were observed in the lateral compartment, with increased cartilage contact deformation from 0 degrees to 30 degrees of knee flexion in the presence of ACL deficiency. CONCLUSION ACL deficiency alters the in vivo cartilage contact biomechanics by shifting the contact location to smaller regions of thinner cartilage and by increasing the magnitude of the cartilage contact deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Van de Velde
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Link TM. The Founder's Lecture 2009: advances in imaging of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiol 2010; 39:943-55. [PMID: 20563801 PMCID: PMC2920421 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-010-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review article is to provide an update on new developments in imaging of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis over the past three decades. A literature review is presented that summarizes the highlights in the development of bone mineral density measurements, bone structure imaging, and vertebral fracture assessment in osteoporosis as well as MR-based semiquantitative assessment of osteoarthritis and quantitative cartilage matrix imaging. This review focuses on techniques that have impacted patient management and therapeutic decision making or that potentially will affect patient care in the near future. Results of pertinent studies are presented and used for illustration. In summary, novel developments have significantly impacted imaging of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis over the past three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marc Link
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave, A-367, San Francisco, CA 94131 USA
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