Bisphenol S impairs blood functions and induces cardiovascular risks in rats

Protective effects of Asparagus officinalis extract against Bisphenol A- induced toxicity in Wistar rats

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1 Bisphenol A treatment lead to histopathologic changes in liver and kidney tissues.

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2- Bisphenol A decreased the antioxidant capacities in rats.

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3- Asparagus officinalis alleviate the extent of oxidative status induced by BPA.

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3- Asparagus officinalis decreases the pathological change of liver and kidney caused by BPA.

Asparagus officinalis is an herbal medicine with remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihepatotoxic properties. The present study aimed to investigate whether Bisphenol A (BPA) could induce histopathological changes and oxidative stress in the liver and kidney tissues of male rats. In addition, we evaluated whether the co-administration of the Asparagus officinalis extract (AOE) could prevent the possible damages. In total, 40 adult male Wistar rats with the mean weight of 200 ± 20 grams were divided into five groups. Control subjects were placed in the first group, while group two was the vehicle (5 ml/kg bwt/day). Subjects in group three were administered with 400 mg/kg of AOE (bwt/day), group four received 10 mg/kg of BPA (bwt/day) dissolved in 5 ml/kg of olive oil, and group five received oral BPA and AOE daily for eight weeks. After the experiments, the blood, liver, and kidneys of the animals were collected and examined. Biochemical results showed a significant elevation in the levels of liver and kidney biomarkers in the BPA group (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, malondialdehyde was observed to increase, while thiol protein and total antioxidant capacity decreased. Histopathological results of the BPA group indicated dilated and congested central and portal veins and inflammatory areas in the liver. In addition, renal test results showed casts in the urinary tubules and acute tubular necrosis. According to the results, the co-administration of AOE and BPA could increase the total antioxidative capability, thereby improving the function and structure of the liver and kidney tissues. Therefore, AOE is a potential protective agent against oxidative stress, liver, and kidney damage.

MALDI-MS Imaging Reveals Asymmetric Spatial Distribution of Lipid Metabolites from Bisphenol S-Induced Nephrotoxicity

With the continuous exposure of environmental pollutants in organisms, determination of abundance variation and spatial distribution of lipids might expand our understanding of toxicological mechanisms occurring in the kidney. Herein, an integrated method involving mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS imaging (MALDI-MSI) was developed for the study of nephrotoxicity in mice exposed to 10 and 100 μg bisphenol S (BPS)/kg body weight/day. The BPS exposure remarkable perturbed abundances of 91 potential markers that mainly involved in five metabolic pathways. We elucidated the lipids spatial heterogeneity by using morphological analysis, probabilistic latent semantic analysis, and coregistered multimodal three-dimensional (3D)-MSI. In morphological analysis, both 10 and 100 μg BPS induced significant nephrotoxicity to mice, including glomerular necrosis in renal cortex, cloudy swelling in renal medulla, and interstitial collapsing in renal pelvis. Significant differential signaling lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM) (d22:0/20:4), ceramide (Cer) (d18:2/24:1), and sphingosine (d18:0) related to inflammation were found to be up-regulated and colocalized in the renal cortex, medulla, and pelvis, respectively. Also, seven significant differential lipids, which are considered to be involved in membrane homeostasis and cellular function, were found to be colocalized in the renal cortex. The observed significant variations of morphology, lipid accumulation, and metabolism in the renal cortex implicated that lipids in the renal cortex were more sensitive to BPS exposure than those in the renal medulla and pelvis. Moreover, we reconstructed a 3D-MSI model of kidney and identified two heterogeneous-related substructures in the renal cortex and pelvis upon 100 μg BPS exposure. It might be used in novel specificity evaluation and early diagnosis for environmental pollutant-induced kidney diseases.