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Jiang Q, Yin J, Chen J, Ma X, Wu M, Li X, Yao K, Tan B, Yin Y. 4-Phenylbutyric acid accelerates rehabilitation of barrier function in IPEC-J2 cell monolayer model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1061-1069. [PMID: 34738036 PMCID: PMC8546315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As the first line of defence against pathogens and endotoxins crossing the intestine-blood barrier, the intestinal epithelial barrier plays a determinant role in pigs' health and growth. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an aromatic fatty acid, was reported to benefit homeostasis of endoplasmic reticulum and protein synthesis. However, whether 4-PBA affects intestinal epithelial barrier function in pigs is unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of 4-PBA on the intestinal barrier function, using in vitro models of well-differentiated intestinal porcine epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) monolayers in the transwell plates. Cell monolayers with or without 4-PBA (1.0 mmol/L) treatment were challenged with physical scratch, deoxynivalenol (DON, 2.0 μg/mL, 48 h), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5.0 μg/mL, 48 h), respectively. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-4) permeability were measured to indicate barrier integrity and permeability. Real-time PCR and Western blot were conducted to determine relative gene and protein expressions of tight junction proteins. As expected, physical scratch, DON, and LPS challenges decreased TEER and increased FD-4 permeability. 4-PBA treatment accelerated cell mitigation and rehabilitation of the physical scratch-damaged intestinal epithelial barrier but did not alleviate DON or LPS induced barrier damage. However, once 48-h DON and LPS challenges were removed, rehabilitation of the epithelial barrier function of IPEC-J2 monolayer was accelerated by the 4-PBA treatment. Also, the relative gene and protein expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 were further upregulated by the 4-PBA treatment during the barrier rehabilitation. Taken together, 4-PBA accelerated the IPEC-J2 cell monolayer barrier recovering from physical scratch, DON-, and LPS-induced damage, via enhancing cell mitigation and expressions of tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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52
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Huang FB, Liang N, Hussain N, Zhou XD, Ismail M, Xie QL, Yu HH, Jian YQ, Peng CY, Li B, Liu B, Chen SH, Peng QH, Wang W. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of chemical constituents from the flower buds of Buddleja officinalis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3031-3042. [PMID: 34498975 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1952577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Five new glycosides including mimenghuasu A and B (1-2), isolinarin (3), cyclocitralosides A and B (4-5), along with forty-seven known compounds were isolated from the flower buds of Buddleja officinalis. These structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, 1 D, 2 D NMR, and MS spectra). The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the expression of TNF-α (LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells) and MTT experiment on LPS-induced HUVECs proliferation effects. Good suppressive effects on the expression of TNF-α were shown by 4 and 5 with IC50 values of 19.35 and 22.10 μM, respectively, compared to positive control indomethacin (IC50 16.40 μM). In addition to this, some isolated compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant activities including compounds 16, 18, 29, 39, and 47 (IC50 μM: 82.59, 72.94, 33.65, 46.67, and 20.81, respectively) with almost the same or stronger potency with reference to vitamin C as positive control (IC50 81.83 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Bing Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Na Liang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nusrat Hussain
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan Skardu, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Xu-Dong Zhou
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Qing-Ling Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huang-He Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Huang Chen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Hua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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53
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Jin MY, Wu XY, Li MY, Li XT, Huang RM, Sun YM, Xu ZL. Noni ( Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Polysaccharides Regulated IBD Mice Via Targeting Gut Microbiota: Association of JNK/ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10151-10162. [PMID: 34432454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease characterized by intestinal inflammation with immune dysregulation and intestinal microecological imbalance. In a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model, noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit polysaccharides (NFP) with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I domain decreased the concentration of serum LPS, TNF-α, and IL-17 by 84, 42, and 65%, respectively. It was abolished when intestinal microbiota were depleted by antibiotics. Sequencing analysis of gut microbiota showed an attenuated disruption of the microbial composition in the DSS+NFP group. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that NFP upregulated the content of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid by onefold but reduced isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid contents. NFP also inhibited JNK, ERK, and NF-κB phosphorylation of IBD mice. Taken together, the mechanism of NFP alleviating IBD is related to the intestinal microecological balance to inhibit inflammatory signaling pathways. This study provides a basis for NFP as a cheap intervention for the prevention and treatment of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528453, China
| | - Mei-Ying Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ri-Ming Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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54
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Bian Y, Lei J, Zhong J, Wang B, Wan Y, Li J, Liao C, He Y, Liu Z, Ito K, Zhang B. Kaempferol reduces obesity, prevents intestinal inflammation, and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108840. [PMID: 34419569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid identified in a wide variety of dietary sources, has been reported to possess anti-obesity properties; however, its underlying mechanism was poorly understood. Chronic, low-grade gut inflammation and dysbacteria are proposed as underlying factors as well as novel treatment approaches for obesity-associated pathologies. This present study aims to investigate the benefits of experimental treatment with kaempferol on intestinal inflammation and gut microbial balance in animal model of obesity. High fat diet (HFD) was applied to C57BL/6J mice for 16 weeks, during which the supplement of kaempferol served as a variable. Clearly, HFD induced obesity, fat accumulation, glucose intolerance and adipose inflammation, the metabolic syndrome of which was the main finding. All these metabolic disorders can be alleviated through kaempferol supplementation. In addition, increased intestinal permeability, infiltration of immunocytes (macrophage, dendritic cells and neutrophils) and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were also found in the HFD-induced mice. Kaempferol supplementation improved intestinal barrier integrity and inhibited gut inflammation, by reducing the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the characterization of the cecal microbiota by sequencing showed that kaempferol supplementation was able to counteract the dysbiosis associated to obesity. Our study delineated the multiple mechanism of action underlying the anti-obesity effect of kaempferol, and provide scientific evidence to support the development of kaempferol as a dietary supplement for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China; Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changqing District, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Division of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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55
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Qu Y, Li X, Xu F, Zhao S, Wu X, Wang Y, Xie J. Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB Axis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679897. [PMID: 34367139 PMCID: PMC8339999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is an established characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC). Regulating the gut microbiota is an attractive alternative UC treatment strategy, considering the potential adverse effects of synthetic drugs used to treat UC. Kaempferol (Kae) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid derived from a variety of medicinal plants. In this study, we determined the efficacy and mechanism of action of Kae as an anti-UC agent in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. DSS challenge in a mouse model of UC led to weight loss, diarrhea accompanied by mucous and blood, histological abnormalities, and shortening of the colon, all of which were significantly alleviated by pretreatment with Kae. In addition, intestinal permeability was shown to improve using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran administration. DSS-induced destruction of the intestinal barrier was also significantly prevented by Kae administration via increases in the levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Furthermore, Kae pretreatment decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and downregulated transcription of an array of inflammatory signaling molecules, while it increased IL-10 mRNA expression. Notably, Kae reshaped the intestinal microbiome by elevating the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio; increasing the linear discriminant analysis scores of beneficial bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae; and reducing the richness of Proteobacteria in DSS-challenged mice. There was also an evident shift in the profile of fecal metabolites in the Kae treatment group. Serum LPS levels and downstream TLR4-NF-κB signaling were downregulated by Kae supplementation. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation from Kae-treated mice to the DSS-induced mice confirmed the effects of Kae on modulating the gut microbiota to alleviate UC. Therefore, Kae may exert protective effects against colitis mice through regulating the gut microbiota and TLR4-related signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the anti-UC effects of Kae and its potential therapeutic mechanisms, and offers novel insights into the prevention of inflammatory diseases using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Qu
- Inner Mongolia Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fengying Xu
- Inner Mongolia Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiming Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
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56
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Kannanoor M, Lakshmi BA, Kim S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles conjugated with kaempferol and hydrocortisone and an evaluation of their antibacterial effects. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:317. [PMID: 34123696 PMCID: PMC8187683 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown a wide range of antibacterial activities over the last 2 decades. Conjugated AgNPs have attracted much interest among researchers for their properties which allow alterations of their physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, two potential stabilizing agents, flavonoids (kaempferol) and corticosteroids (hydrocortisone), were employed in the preparation of silver conjugated kaempferol and hydrocortisone nanoparticles (i.e., KH-AgNPs). The as-synthesized KH-AgNPs demonstrated a uniform spherical morphology by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results along with excellent stability and also shown strong bactericidal properties against different bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The KH-AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy studies and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The KH-AgNPs activity was further analyzed by reactive oxygen species, live/dead bacterial assays, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation assays. The results have demonstrated the better antibacterial efficacy of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kannanoor
- Department of Bio Nanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Bio Nanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bio Nanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 461-701 Republic of Korea
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57
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Wang S, Tang C, Zhao H, Shen P, Lin C, Zhu Y, Han D. Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Mechanisms of Action of Si-Ni-San Against Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656115. [PMID: 34276360 PMCID: PMC8281251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Si-Ni-San (SNS), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has potency against liver diseases, such as hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of action of SNS against liver fibrosis remain largely unclear. Methods: A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model was adopted for the first time to investigate the beneficial effects of SNS on liver fibrosis. The potential mechanisms of action of SNS were explored using the network pharmacology-based strategy and validated with the aid of diverse assays. Results: SNS treatment reduced collagen and ECM deposition, downregulated fibrosis-related factor (hyaluronic acid and laminin) contents in serum, maintained the morphological structure of liver tissue, and improved liver function in the liver fibrosis model. Based on network pharmacology results, apoptosis, inflammation and angiogenesis, together with the associated pathways (including VEGF, TNF, caspase, PPAR-γ and NF-κB), were identified as the mechanisms underlying the effects of SNS on liver fibrosis. Further in vivo experiments validated the significant mitigatory effects of SNS on inflammatory infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents (IFNγ, IL-1β and TGF-β1) in liver tissues of mice with liver fibrosis. SNS suppressed pathologic neovascularization as well as levels of VEGFR1, VEGF and VEGFR2 in liver tissues. SNS treatment additionally inhibited hepatic parenchyma cell apoptosis in liver tissues of mice with liver fibrosis and regulated apoptin expression while protecting L02 cells against apoptosis induced by TNF-α and Act D in vitro. Activation of hepatic stellate cells was suppressed and the balance between MMP13 and TIMP1 maintained in vitro by SNS. These activities may be associated with SNS-induced NF-κB suppression and PPAR-γ activation. Conclusion: SNS effectively impedes liver fibrosis progression through alleviating inflammation, ECM accumulation, aberrant angiogenesis and apoptosis of hepatic parenchymal cells along with inhibiting activation of hepatic stellate cells through effects on multiple targets and may thus serve as a novel therapeutic regimen for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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58
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Fan J, Zhao XH, Zhao JR, Li BR. Galangin and Kaempferol Alleviate the Indomethacin-Caused Cytotoxicity and Barrier Loss in Rat Intestinal Epithelial (IEC-6) Cells Via Mediating JNK/Src Activation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15046-15056. [PMID: 34151085 PMCID: PMC8210432 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like indomethacin and others are widely used in clinics, but they have the potential to cause severe gastrointestinal damage including intestinal barrier dysfunction. Thus, two flavonols galangin and kaempferol with or without heat treatment (100 °C, 30 min) were assessed for their effect on indomethacin-damaged rat intestine epithelial (IEC-6) cells. In total, the cell exposure of 300 μmol/L indomethacin for 24 h caused cell toxicity efficiently, resulting in decreased cell viability, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and obvious barrier loss. Meanwhile, pretreatment of the cells with these flavonols for 24 and 48 h before the indomethacin exposure could alleviate cytotoxicity and especially barrier loss, resulting in increased cell viability and transepithelial resistance, decreased LDH release, ROS production, and paracellular permeability, together with the promoted expression of three tight junction proteins zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and expression levels of p-JNK and p-Src arisen from the indomethacin damage were also reduced by the flavonols, suggesting an inhibited calcium-mediated JNK/Src activation. Consistently, galangin showed higher activity than kaempferol to the cells, while the heated flavonols were less efficient than the unheated counterparts. It is thus highlighted that the two flavonols could alleviate indomethacin cytotoxicity and combat against the indomethacin-induced barrier loss in IEC-6 cells, but heat treatment of the flavonols would weaken the two beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Maoming
Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ren Zhao
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Ru Li
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
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59
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Candelli M, Franza L, Pignataro G, Ojetti V, Covino M, Piccioni A, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F. Interaction between Lipopolysaccharide and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126242. [PMID: 34200555 PMCID: PMC8226948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are bacterial surface glycolipids, produced by Gram-negative bacteria. LPS is known to determine acute inflammatory reactions, particularly in the context of sepsis. However, LPS can also trigger chronic inflammation. In this case, the source of LPS is not an external infection, but rather an increase in endogenous production, which is usually sustained by gut microbiota (GM), and LPS contained in food. The first site in which LPS can exert its inflammatory action is the gut: both GM and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are influenced by LPS and shift towards an inflammatory pattern. The changes in GM and GALT induced by LPS are quite similar to the ones seen in IBD: GM loses diversity, while GALT T regulatory (Tregs) lymphocytes are reduced in number, with an increase in Th17 and Th1 lymphocytes. Additionally, the innate immune system is triggered, through the activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, while the epithelium is directly damaged, further triggering inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the importance of the crosstalk between LPS, GM, and GALT, and discuss the possible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Candelli
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630153161
| | - Laura Franza
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Marcello Covino
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medical and Surgical Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (G.P.); (V.O.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
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Wang K, Ding Y, Xu C, Hao M, Li H, Ding L. Cldn-7 deficiency promotes experimental colitis and associated carcinogenesis by regulating intestinal epithelial integrity. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1923910. [PMID: 34026335 PMCID: PMC8118418 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1923910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier protects intestine from infection and injury, while chronic inflammation is a trigger for tumorigenesis. As a member of tight junctions (TJs) family, Claudin-7 (Cldn-7) is dedicated to maintaining cell polarity and TJs barrier integrity, and closely related to the development of inflammation and tumors. However, potential roles of Cldn-7 in intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been well characterized in vivo. Here, we analyzed the expression profile of Cldn-7 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CAC. Colitis and colitis-cancer transformation models were established based on inducible intestinal conditional Cldn-7 gene knockout mice (Cldn7fl/fl;villin-CreERT2), by intraperitoneal injection of azomethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) feeding. Cldn-7 knockout promoted susceptibility to colitis and CAC, aggravated clinical symptoms, severely damaged intestinal epithelium, increased mucosal inflammation accompanied dysregulated cell proliferation-apoptosis. Epithelial barrier integrity was destroyed, and intercellular permeability was increased. After AOM/DSS induction, tumor burden and volume were increased, characterized by enhanced proliferation and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Cldn-7 deficiency promoted colitis and subsequently malignant transformation by destroying TJs integrity and increasing inflammatory cascade. Overall, based on Cldn-7 knockout mouse model, we have first demonstrated the key roles of Cldn-7 in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing IBD and consequent CAC. Abbreviations: AJs: adherens junctions; AOM: azomethane; Cldn-7: Claudin-7; CRC: colorectal cancer; CAC: colitis-associated colorectal cancer; CD: Crohn's disease; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; DAI: disease activity index; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FITC: fluorescence isothiocyanate; HB: hemoglobin; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IECs: intestinal epithelial cells; ISCs: intestinal stem cells; PLT: platelet; RBC: red blood cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TAM: tamoxifen; TJs: tight junctions; TCF/LEF: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor; UC: ulcerative colitis; WBC: white blood cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology Surgery, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Cao W, Li RW, Chin Y, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Transcriptome analysis reveals the protective role of fructo-oligosaccharide in colonic mucosal barriers in exercise-induced stressed mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4484-4495. [PMID: 33885098 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most athletes continually endure mental and physical stress from intense exercise. Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) can reduce physical exhaustion, but the concrete mechanism behind it still needs further research. In this study, the effect of FOS on colonic mucosal barriers was investigated using an exercise-induced stress mouse model. Except for control individuals, mice were subject to cycles of 2-day exercise (at 20 rpm) interleaved by 5-day rest. The mice experienced a total of 6 days of exercise during the feeding period. FOS improved common indicators of exhaustion, such as glycogen storage in muscle. 16S rRNA data supported that changes in the gut microbiome were also closely related to stress status. Notably, Anaerotruncus was increased in mice under stress, while FOS facilitated the growth of Dorea, which is negatively associated with exhaustion. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that FOS could maintain the integrity of colonic epithelial barriers. For example, FOS significantly restored the expression of tight junctions (Occludin and Zonula occludens-1) in the colon, which was impaired under a stress state. Besides, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome might contribute to the protection of the colonic mucosa by promoting the secretion of IL-18, Mucin2 (Muc2) and intestine lectin 1 (Itln1) in FOS-treated individuals. In short, FOS administration attenuated the damage of colonic mucosal barriers in exercise-induced stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Guo D, He L, Gao Y, Jin C, Lin H, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhou Y, Yao J, Duan Y, Yang R, Qiu W, Jiang W. Obeticholic Acid Derivative, T-2054 Suppresses Osteoarthritis via Inhibiting NF-κB-Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083807. [PMID: 33916928 PMCID: PMC8067620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disorder, has been reported as the most common cause of disability worldwide. The production of inflammatory cytokines is the main factor in OA. Previous studies have been reported that obeticholic acid (OCA) and OCA derivatives inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines in acute liver failure, but they have not been studied in the progression of OA. In our study, we screened our small synthetic library of OCA derivatives and found T-2054 had anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells and ATDC5 cells were not affected by T-2054. T-2054 treatment significantly relieved the release of NO, as well as mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, T-2054 promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in TNF-α-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes. Moreover, T-2054 could relieve the infiltration of inflammatory cells and degeneration of the cartilage matrix and decrease the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in DMM-induced C57BL/6 mice models. At the same time, T-2054 showed no obvious toxicity to mice. Mechanistically, T-2054 decreased the extent of p-p65 expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and TNF-α-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes. In summary, we showed for the first time that T-2054 effectively reduced the release of inflammatory mediators, as well as promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis via the NF-κB-signaling pathway. Our findings support the potential use of T-2054 as an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Liming He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (L.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Yaoxin Gao
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Chenxu Jin
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Haizhen Lin
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Liting Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (L.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yixin Duan
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Renzheng Yang
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Wenwei Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (L.H.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.J.)
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Li S, Hao M, Wu T, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang L. Kaempferol alleviates human endothelial cell injury through circNOL12/miR-6873-3p/FRS2 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111419. [PMID: 33761622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, inflammatory disease, is a major reason for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Kaempferol (Kae) has been well-documented to have pharmacological activities in the previous studies. However, the detailed mechanisms by which Kae regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure expression levels of circNOL12, nucleolar protein 12 (NOL12), miR-6873-3p, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) in HUVECs treated with either oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) alone or in combination with Kae. The cells viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) assay. The inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed by checking inflammatory factors, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. The apoptotic cells were quantified by flow cytometry assay. The western blot assay was used for measuring protein expression. The interaction relationship between miR-6873-3p and circNOL12 or FRS2 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Treatment with Kae could inhibit ox-LDL-induced the upregulation of circNOL12 in HUVECs. Importantly, Kae weakened ox-LDL-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HUVECs, which was abolished by overexpression of circNOL12. What's more, miR-6873-3p was a target of circNOL12 in HUVECs, and the upregulation of miR-6873-3p overturned circNOL12 overexpression-induced effects on HUVECs treated with ox-LDL and Kae. FRS2 was negatively regulated by miR-6873-3p in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Kae alleviated ox-LDL-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HUVECs by regulating circNOL12/miR-6873-3p/FRS2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Meihua Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Taisheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
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Jin Y, Zhai Z, Jia H, Lai J, Si X, Wu Z. Kaempferol attenuates diquat-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:6889-6899. [PMID: 34338265 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonol component of plants, is well-known to exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects remain elusive. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that kaempferol attenuated diquat-induced oxidative damage and intestinal barrier dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative damage and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Compared with the control group, diquat treatment led to enhanced intracellular ROS production, increased mitochondrial depolarization, and apoptosis, which were accompanied by cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, reduced cell migration, and disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier function. These effects triggered by diquat were reversed by kaempferol. Further study showed that the protective effect of kaempferol was associated with an enhanced mRNA level of genes related to cell cycle progression (cyclin D1, CDK4, and E2F1) and genes implicated in the anti-oxidant system (GSR, GSTA4, and HO-1), up-regulated abundance of tight junctions (ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, and claudin-4), as well as enhanced Nrf2, an anti-oxidant transcription factor. In conclusion, we revealed a functional role of kaempferol in the intestinal barrier. Ingestion of kaempferol-rich foods might be a potential strategy to improve the integrity and function of enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Liu H, Liang J, Xiao G, Ma L, Wang Q. Dendrobine Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-induced Gut Inflammation in a Co-culture of Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells and RAW264.7 Macrophages. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210409.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Pro-Inflammatory Effect of Gliadins and Glutenins Extracted from Different Wheat Cultivars on an In Vitro 3D Intestinal Epithelium Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010172. [PMID: 33375311 PMCID: PMC7795490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to assess the relationship between improved rheological properties and the immunogenic potential of wheat proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of total protein extracts from three modern and two landrace Triticum aestivum commercial flour mixes, with significant differences in gluten strength (GS), on cell lines. Cytotoxicity and innate immune responses induced by wheat proteins were investigated using Caco-2 monocultures, two dimensional (2D) Caco-2/U937 co-cultures, and three dimensional (3D) co-cultures simulating the intestinal mucosa with Caco-2 epithelial cells situated above an extra-cellular matrix containing U937 monocytes and L929 fibroblasts. Modern wheat proteins, with increased GS, significantly reduced Caco-2 cell proliferation and vitality in monoculture and 2D co-cultures than landrace proteins. Modern wheat proteins also augmented Caco-2 monolayer disruption and tight junction protein, occludin, redistribution in 3D co-cultures. Release of interleukin-8 into the cell medium and increased U937 monocyte migration in both 2D and 3D co-cultures were similarly apparent. Immuno-activation of migrating U937 cells was evidenced from cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) staining and CD11b-related differentiation into macrophages. The modern wheat proteins, with gluten polymorphism relatedness and increased GS, were shown to be more cytotoxic and immunogenic than the landrace wheat proteins.
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Anti‑inflammatory mechanism of berberine on lipopolysaccharide‑induced IEC‑18 models based on comparative transcriptomics. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5163-5180. [PMID: 33174609 PMCID: PMC7646980 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal surface epithelial cells (IECs) have long been considered as an effective barrier for maintaining water and electrolyte balance, and are involved in the mechanism of nutrient absorption. When intestinal inflammation occurs, it is often accompanied by IEC malfunction. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in numerous types of medicinal plants, which has been clinically used in China to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal pathogenic bacterial infection, especially bacteria‑induced diarrhea and inflammation. In the present study, IEC‑18 rat intestinal epithelial cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro model of epithelial cell inflammation, and the cells were subsequently treated with BBR in order to elucidate the anti‑inflammatory mechanism. Transcriptome data were then searched to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared between two of the treatment groups (namely, the LPS and LPS+BBR groups), and DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis and Interactive Pathways Explorer to identify the functions and pathways enriched with DEGs. Finally, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to verify the transcriptome data. These experiments revealed that, comparing between the LPS and LPS+BBR groups, the functions and pathways enriched in DEGs were 'DNA replication', 'cell cycle', 'apoptosis', 'leukocyte migration' and the 'NF‑κB and AP‑1 pathways'. The results revealed that BBR is able to restrict DNA replication, inhibit the cell cycle and promote apoptosis. It can also inhibit the classic inflammatory pathways, such as those mediated by NF‑κB and AP‑1, and the expression of various chemokines to prevent the migration of leukocytes. According to transcriptomic data, BBR can exert its anti‑inflammatory effects by regulating a variety of cellular physiological activities, including cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammatory pathways and leukocyte migration.
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Fan J, Zhao XH, Li TJ. Heat treatment of galangin and kaempferol inhibits their benefits to improve barrier function in rat intestinal epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 87:108517. [PMID: 33011286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Flavonols are bioactive substances in plant foods. In this study, two flavonols galangin and kaempferol were heated at 100°C for 30 min prior to assessing their effects on barrier function of rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells. Both heated and unheated flavonols (2.5-20 µmol/L dosages) were nontoxic to the cells up to 48 h post-treatment, and could promote cell viability values to 102.2-141.2% of control. By treatment with 5 µmol/L flavonols for 24 and 48 h, the treated cells time-dependently showed better improved physical and biological barrier functions than the control cells without any flavonol treatment, including higher transepithelial electrical resistance and antibacterial effect but reduced paracellular permeability and bacterial translocation. The results from real-time PCR and western-blot assays indicated that the cells treated with heated and unheated flavonols of 5 µmol/L dosage had up-regulated mRNA (1.13-1.81 folds) and protein (1.15-5.11 folds) expression for zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-1 that are vital to the tight junctions of the cells. Moreover, protein expression of RhoA and ROCK were down-regulated into 0.41-0.98 and 0.40-0.92 folds, respectively, demonstrating a Rho inactivation that led to enhanced cell barrier integrity via the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Overall, galangin was more active than kaempferol to perform three biofunctions like improving cell barrier function, up-regulating tight junctions protein expression, and down-regulating RhoA/ROCK expression. Moreover, the heated flavonols were less effective than the unheated counterparts to perform these biofunctions. It is concluded that this heat treatment of galangin and kaempferol could inhibit their benefits to improve barrier function of IEC-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, PR China.
| | - Tie-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, PR China.
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