Contribution of the Phosphodiester Backbone and Glycosyl Linkage Intrinsic Torsional Energetics to DNA Structure and Dynamics

Nucleic acids: theory and computer simulation, Y2K

Molecular dynamics simulations on DNA and RNA that include solvent are now being performed under realistic environmental conditions of water activity and salt. Improvements to force-fields and treatments of long-range interactions have significantly increased the reliability of simulations. New studies of sequence effects, axis bending, solvation and conformational transitions have appeared.