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Williamson AJ, Whetton AD. Development of approaches for systematic analysis of protein networks in stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 50:273-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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52
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Le Bourhis X, Romon R, Hondermarck H. Role of endothelial progenitor cells in breast cancer angiogenesis: from fundamental research to clinical ramifications. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 120:17-24. [PMID: 20033768 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel formation (neovascularization) in tumors can occur through two mechanisms: angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis results from proliferation and sprouting of existing blood vessels close to the tumor, while vasculogenesis is believed to arise from recruitment of circulating cells, largely derived from the bone marrow, and de novo clonal formation of blood vessels from these cells. Increasing evidence in animal models indicate that bone marrow-derived endothelial precursor cells (EPC) can contribute to tumor angiogenesis. This review aims to collate existing literature and provide an overview on the current knowledge of EPC involvement in breast cancer angiogenesis. We also discuss recent attempts to use EPC as biomarker and therapeutic target in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Le Bourhis
- INSERM U908 "Growth factor signaling in breast cancer. Functional proteomics", University of Lille, IFR147, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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53
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Li Y, Atkin GM, Morales MM, Liu LQ, Tong M, Duncan RK. Developmental expression of BK channels in chick cochlear hair cells. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2009; 9:67. [PMID: 20003519 PMCID: PMC2803478 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-9-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Cochlear hair cells are high-frequency sensory receptors. At the onset of hearing, hair cells acquire fast, calcium-activated potassium (BK) currents, turning immature spiking cells into functional receptors. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the number and kinetics of BK channels are varied systematically along the frequency-axis of the cochlea giving rise to an intrinsic electrical tuning mechanism. The processes that control the appearance and heterogeneity of hair cell BK currents remain unclear. Results Quantitative PCR results showed a non-monotonic increase in BK α subunit expression throughout embryonic development of the chick auditory organ (i.e. basilar papilla). Expression peaked near embryonic day (E) 19 with six times the transcript level of E11 sensory epithelia. The steady increase in gene expression from E11 to E19 could not explain the sudden acquisition of currents at E18-19, implicating post-transcriptional mechanisms. Protein expression also preceded function but progressed in a sequence from diffuse cytoplasmic staining at early ages to punctate membrane-bound clusters at E18. Electrophysiology data confirmed a continued refinement of BK trafficking from E18 to E20, indicating a translocation of BK clusters from supranuclear to subnuclear domains over this critical developmental age. Conclusions Gene products encoding BK α subunits are detected up to 8 days before the acquisition of anti-BK clusters and functional BK currents. Therefore, post-transcriptional mechanisms seem to play a key role in the delayed emergence of calcium-sensitive currents. We suggest that regulation of translation and trafficking of functional α subunits, near voltage-gated calcium channels, leads to functional BK currents at the onset of hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Foley A. Cardiac lineage selection: integrating biological complexity into computational models. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 1:334-347. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Foley
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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55
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Sun A, Zhang J, Wang C, Yang D, Wei H, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, He F. Modified Spectral Count Index (mSCI) for Estimation of Protein Abundance by Protein Relative Identification Possibility (RIPpro): A New Proteomic Technological Parameter. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4934-42. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900252n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Handong Wei
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, P. R. China, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Maaty WS, Wiedenheft B, Tarlykov P, Schaff N, Heinemann J, Robison-Cox J, Valenzuela J, Dougherty A, Blum P, Lawrence CM, Douglas T, Young MJ, Bothner B. Something old, something new, something borrowed; how the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus responds to oxidative stress. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6964. [PMID: 19759909 PMCID: PMC2739297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid molecular damage of biomolecules due to oxidation, all cells have evolved constitutive and responsive systems to mitigate and repair chemical modifications. Archaea have adapted to some of the most extreme environments known to support life, including highly oxidizing conditions. However, in comparison to bacteria and eukaryotes, relatively little is known about the biology and biochemistry of archaea in response to changing conditions and repair of oxidative damage. In this study transcriptome, proteome, and chemical reactivity analyses of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced oxidative stress in Sulfolobus solfataricus (P2) were conducted. Microarray analysis of mRNA expression showed that 102 transcripts were regulated by at least 1.5 fold, 30 minutes after exposure to 30 microM H(2)O(2). Parallel proteomic analyses using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), monitored more than 800 proteins 30 and 105 minutes after exposure and found that 18 had significant changes in abundance. A recently characterized ferritin-like antioxidant protein, DPSL, was the most highly regulated species of mRNA and protein, in addition to being post-translationally modified. As expected, a number of antioxidant related mRNAs and proteins were differentially regulated. Three of these, DPSL, superoxide dismutase, and peroxiredoxin were shown to interact and likely form a novel supramolecular complex for mitigating oxidative damage. A scheme for the ability of this complex to perform multi-step reactions is presented. Despite the central role played by DPSL, cells maintained a lower level of protection after disruption of the dpsl gene, indicating a level of redundancy in the oxidative stress pathways of S. solfataricus. This work provides the first "omics" scale assessment of the oxidative stress response for an archeal organism and together with a network analysis using data from previous studies on bacteria and eukaryotes reveals evolutionarily conserved pathways where complex and overlapping defense mechanisms protect against oxygen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid S. Maaty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Pavel Tarlykov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Nathan Schaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Joshua Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jim Robison-Cox
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jacob Valenzuela
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Amanda Dougherty
- George Beadle Center for Genetics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Paul Blum
- George Beadle Center for Genetics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - C. Martin Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Young
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Poschmann G, Sitek B, Sipos B, Hamacher M, Vonend O, Meyer HE, Stühler K. Cell-based proteome analysis: the first stage in the pipeline for biomarker discovery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:1309-16. [PMID: 19595794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of a distinct disease is crucial for a successful treatment and depends on a sensitive as well as specific diagnosis. In last years tremendous attempts were undertaken to identify new biomarker applying proteomics, but no relevant candidate has been identified for clinical application. Although proteomics is enabling quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteins within complex mixtures it could not significantly contribute to this field. Therefore, different proteomics approaches have been established focusing on the direct analysis of cell populations involved in pathogenic processes to identify candidate biomarkers even for in vitro diagnosis. Here, we will outline approaches applying cell- and tissue based proteome analysis as the first decisive step in the pipeline for the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers. We will show examples for analysing precursor lesions of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), nephron glomeruli and fibrotic and non-fibrotic liver tissue. This article provides also an overview about currently available techniques in the field of cell enrichment and quantitative proteome analysis of lowest amounts of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Poschmann
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ZKF E.043, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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A comparison of MS/MS-based, stable-isotope-labeled, quantitation performance on ESI-quadrupole TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometers. Proteomics 2009; 9:3328-40. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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59
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Perez-Campo FM, Borrow J, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. The histone acetyl transferase activity of monocytic leukemia zinc finger is critical for the proliferation of hematopoietic precursors. Blood 2009; 113:4866-4874. [PMID: 19264921 PMCID: PMC2686138 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-152017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocytic leukemia zinc finger (MOZ) gene encodes a large multidomain protein that contains, besides other domains, 2 coactivation domains for the transcription factor Runx1/acute myeloid leukemia 1 and a histone acetyl transferase (HAT) catalytic domain. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical requirement for the complete MOZ protein in hematopoietic stem cell development and maintenance. However, the specific function of the HAT activity of MOZ remains unknown, as it has been shown that MOZ HAT activity is not required either for its role as Runx1 coactivator or for the leukemic transformation induced by MOZ transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2). To assess the specific requirement for this HAT activity during hematopoietic development, we have generated embryonic stem cells and mouse lines carrying a point mutation that renders the protein catalytically inactive. We report in this study that mice exclusively lacking the HAT activity of MOZ exhibit significant defects in the number of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic committed precursors as well as a defect in B-cell development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the failure to maintain a normal number of hematopoietic precursors is caused by the inability of HAT(-/-) cells to expand. These results indicate a specific role of MOZ-driven acetylation in controlling a desirable balance between proliferation and differentiation during hematopoiesis.
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60
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Upstream open reading frames cause widespread reduction of protein expression and are polymorphic among humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:7507-12. [PMID: 19372376 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810916106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream ORFs (uORFs) are mRNA elements defined by a start codon in the 5' UTR that is out-of-frame with the main coding sequence. Although uORFs are present in approximately half of human and mouse transcripts, no study has investigated their global impact on protein expression. Here, we report that uORFs correlate with significantly reduced protein expression of the downstream ORF, based on analysis of 11,649 matched mRNA and protein measurements from 4 published mammalian studies. Using reporter constructs to test 25 selected uORFs, we estimate that uORFs typically reduce protein expression by 30-80%, with a modest impact on mRNA levels. We additionally identify polymorphisms that alter uORF presence in 509 human genes. Finally, we report that 5 uORF-altering mutations, detected within genes previously linked to human diseases, dramatically silence expression of the downstream protein. Together, our results suggest that uORFs influence the protein expression of thousands of mammalian genes and that variation in these elements can influence human phenotype and disease.
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61
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Katz-Jaffe MG, McReynolds S, Gardner DK, Schoolcraft WB. The role of proteomics in defining the human embryonic secretome. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:271-7. [PMID: 19223337 PMCID: PMC2666223 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive gamete and embryo assessment is considered an important focus in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Currently, the selection of embryos for transfer is based on morphological indices. Though successful, the field of ART would benefit from a non-invasive quantitative method of viability determination. Omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have already begun providing evidence that viable gametes and embryos possess unique molecular profiles with potential biomarkers that can be utilized for developmental and/or viability selection. Unlike the human genome that is relatively fixed and steady throughout the human body, the human proteome, estimated at over a million proteins, is more complex, diverse and dynamic. It is the proteins themselves that contribute to the physiological homeostasis in any cell or tissue. Of particular interest in ART is the secretome, those proteins that are produced within the embryo and secreted into the surrounding environment. Defining the human embryonic secretome has the potential to expand our knowledge of embryonic cellular processes, including the complex dialogue between the developing embryo and its maternal environment, and may also assist in identifying those embryos with the highest implantation potential. Advances in proteomic technologies have allowed the non-invasive profiling of the human embryonic secretome with ongoing research focused on correlation with outcome. From a clinical perspective, embryo selection based on morphological assessment and non-invasive analysis of the human embryonic secretome may improve IVF success and lead to routine single embryo transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Katz-Jaffe
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO 80124, USA.
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Nikolova-Krstevski V, Bhasin M, Otu HH, Libermann T, Oettgen P. Gene expression analysis of embryonic stem cells expressing VE-cadherin (CD144) during endothelial differentiation. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:240. [PMID: 18498633 PMCID: PMC2440556 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial differentiation occurs during normal vascular development in the developing embryo. This process is recapitulated in the adult when endothelial progenitor cells are generated in the bone marrow and can contribute to vascular repair or angiogenesis at sites of vascular injury or ischemia. The molecular mechanisms of endothelial differentiation remain incompletely understood. Novel approaches are needed to identify the factors that regulate endothelial differentiation. Methods Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were used to further define the molecular mechanisms of endothelial differentiation. By flow cytometry a population of VEGF-R2 positive cells was identified as early as 2.5 days after differentiation of ES cells, and a subset of VEGF-R2+ cells, that were CD41 positive at 3.5 days. A separate population of VEGF-R2+ stem cells expressing the endothelial-specific marker CD144 (VE-cadherin) was also identified at this same time point. Channels lined by VE-cadherin positive cells developed within the embryoid bodies (EBs) formed by differentiating ES cells. VE-cadherin and CD41 expressing cells differentiate in close proximity to each other within the EBs, supporting the concept of a common origin for cells of hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. Results Microarray analysis of >45,000 transcripts was performed on RNA obtained from cells expressing VEGF-R2+, CD41+, and CD144+ and VEGF-R2-, CD41-, and CD144-. All microarray experiments were performed in duplicate using RNA obtained from independent experiments, for each subset of cells. Expression profiling confirmed the role of several genes involved in hematopoiesis, and identified several putative genes involved in endothelial differentiation. Conclusion The isolation of CD144+ cells during ES cell differentiation from embryoid bodies provides an excellent model system and method for identifying genes that are expressed during endothelial differentiation and that are distinct from hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, USA.
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