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Tapias V. Editorial: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1372. [PMID: 31920522 PMCID: PMC6930234 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Aleshin VA, Mkrtchyan GV, Bunik VI. Mechanisms of Non-coenzyme Action of Thiamine: Protein Targets and Medical Significance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:829-850. [PMID: 31522667 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919080017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a precursor of the well-known coenzyme of central metabolic pathways thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Highly intense glucose oxidation in the brain requires ThDP-dependent enzymes, which determines the critical significance of thiamine for neuronal functions. However, thiamine can also act through the non-coenzyme mechanisms. The well-known facilitation of acetylcholinergic neurotransmission upon the thiamine and acetylcholine co-release into the synaptic cleft has been supported by the discovery of thiamine triphosphate (ThTP)-dependent phosphorylation of the acetylcholine receptor-associated protein rapsyn, and thiamine interaction with the TAS2R1 receptor, resulting in the activation of synaptic ion currents. The non-coenzyme regulatory binding of thiamine compounds has been demonstrated for the transcriptional regulator p53, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, prion protein PRNP, and a number of key metabolic enzymes that do not use ThDP as a coenzyme. The accumulated data indicate that the molecular mechanisms of the neurotropic action of thiamine are far broader than it has been originally believed, and closely linked to the metabolism of thiamine and its derivatives in animals. The significance of this topic has been illustrated by the recently established competition between thiamine and the antidiabetic drug metformin for common transporters, which can be the reason for the thiamine deficiency underlying metformin side effects. Here, we also discuss the medical implications of the research on thiamine, including the role of thiaminases in thiamine reutilization and biosynthesis of thiamine antagonists; molecular mechanisms of action of natural and synthetic thiamine antagonists, and biotransformation of pharmacological forms of thiamine. Given the wide medical application of thiamine and its synthetic forms, these aspects are of high importance for medicine and pharmacology, including the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aleshin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Mkrtchyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V I Bunik
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
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Jonus HC, Byrnes CC, Kim J, Valle ML, Bartlett MG, Said HM, Zastre JA. Thiamine mimetics sulbutiamine and benfotiamine as a nutraceutical approach to anticancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109648. [PMID: 31810115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells frequently demonstrate an oncogenic-driven reliance on glycolytic metabolism to support their highly proliferative nature. Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) may promote this unique metabolic signature of tumor cells by inhibiting mitochondrial function. PDKs function to phosphorylate and inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Silencing of PDK expression has previously been shown to restore mitochondrial function and reduce tumor cell proliferation. High dose Vitamin B1, or thiamine, possesses antitumor properties related to its capacity to reduce PDH phosphorylation and promote its enzymatic activity, presumably through PDK inhibition. Though a promising nutraceutical approach for cancer therapy, thiamine's low bioavailability may limit clinical effectiveness. Here, we have demonstrated exploiting the commercially available lipophilic thiamine analogs sulbutiamine and benfotiamine increases thiamine's anti-cancer effect in vitro. Determined by crystal violet proliferation assays, both sulbutiamine and benfotiamine reduced thiamine's millimolar IC50 value to micromolar equivalents. HPLC analysis revealed that sulbutiamine and benfotiamine significantly increased intracellular thiamine and TPP concentrations in vitro, corresponding with reduced levels of PDH phosphorylation. Through an ex vitro kinase screen, thiamine's activated cofactor form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) was found to inhibit the function of multiple PDK isoforms. Attempts to maximize intracellular TPP by exploiting thiamine homeostasis gene expression resulted in enhanced apoptosis in tumor cells. Based on our in vitro evaluations, we conclude that TPP serves as the active species mediating thiamine's inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation. Pharmacologic administration of benfotiamine, but not sulbutiamine, reduced tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. It remains unclear if benfotiamine's effects in vivo are associated with PDK inhibition or through an alternative mechanism of action. Future work will aim to define the action of lipophilic thiamine mimetics in vivo in order to translate their clinical usefulness as anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Charnel C Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jaeah Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maria L Valle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Jason A Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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Abstract
A huge number of proteins that occur in the body have to be folded into a specific shape in order to become functional. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and the folding process is exquisitely complex. When this folding process is inhibited, the respective protein is referred to as being misfolded and nonfunctional. So the hypothesis that follows is in regard to the diseases that are caused by the misfolding of vital proteins and their reported relationship with thiamin metabolism. These diseases are termed proteopathies and there are at least 50 different conditions in which the mechanism is importantly related to a misfolded protein. In the brain, thiamin deficiency causes a cascade of events involving mild impairment of oxidative metabolism, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, all of which are examples of proteopathies. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders related to the conformational alteration of the prion protein (PrP C) into a pathogenic and protease-resistant isoform (PrPSc). The physiological form (PrP C) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Despite numerous efforts to elucidate its role, the exact biological function remains unknown. Prion-induced diseases, due to the conformational change in the protein, are a global health problem, with lack of effective therapy and 100% mortality. Thiamin and its derivatives bind the prion protein and intermolecular actions have been noted between thiamin and other thiamin-binding proteins, although the exact importance of this is conjectural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Lonsdale
- Cleveland Clinic, 28575 Westlake Village Dr., Westlake, OH 44145, United States.
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55
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Yu L, Chen Y, Xu Y, He T, Wei Y, He R. D-ribose is elevated in T1DM patients and can be involved in the onset of encephalopathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4943-4969. [PMID: 31307014 PMCID: PMC6682534 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many mechanisms have been proposed for diabetic encephalopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk factors for cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are less clear. Here, we show that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM rats showed cognitive impairment in both Y maze and Morris water maze assays, accompanied with D-ribose was significantly increased in blood and urine, in addition to D-glucose. Furthermore, advanced glycation end products (AGE), Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death in the hippocampal CA4/DG region were detected in T1DM rats. The expression and activity of transketolase (TKT), an important enzyme in the pentose shunt, were decreased in the brain, indicating that TKT may be involved in D-ribose metabolism in T1DM. Support for these change was demonstrated by the activation of TKT with benfotiamine (BTMP) treatment. Decreased D-ribose levels but not D-glucose levels; markedly reduced AGE accumulation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal death; and improved cognitive ability in T1DM rats were shown after BTMP administration. In clinical investigation, T1DM patients had high D-ribose levels in both urine and serum. Our work suggests that D-ribose is involved in the cognitive impairment in T1DM and may provide a potentially novel target for treating diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Gureev AP, Shaforostova EA, Popov VN. Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Way for Active Longevity: Interaction Between the Nrf2 and PGC-1α Signaling Pathways. Front Genet 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31139208 PMCID: PMC6527603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a general degenerative process related to deterioration of cell functions in the entire organism. Mitochondria, which play a key role in energy homeostasis and metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), require lifetime control and constant renewal. This explains recently peaked interest in the processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. The principal event of mitochondrial metabolism is regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and translation, which is a complex coordinated process that involves at least two systems of transcription factors. It is commonly believed that its major regulatory proteins are PGC-1α and PGC-1β, which act as key factors connecting several regulator cascades involved in the control of mitochondrial metabolism. In recent years, the number of publications on the essential role of Nrf2/ARE signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis has grown exponentially. Nrf2 is induced by various xenobiotics and oxidants that oxidize some Nrf2 negative regulators. Thus, ROS, in particular H2O2, were found to be strong Nrf2 activators. At present, there are two major concepts of mitochondrial biogenesis. Some authors suggest direct involvement of Nrf2 in the regulation of this process. Others believe that Nrf2 regulates expression of the antioxidant genes, while the major and only regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis is PGC-1α. Several studies have demonstrated the existence of the regulatory loop involving both PGC-1α and Nrf2. In this review, we summarized recent data on the Nrf2 role in mitochondrial biogenesis and its interaction with PGC-1α in the context of extending longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Shaforostova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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Sambon M, Napp A, Demelenne A, Vignisse J, Wins P, Fillet M, Bettendorff L. Thiamine and benfotiamine protect neuroblastoma cells against paraquat and β-amyloid toxicity by a coenzyme-independent mechanism. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01710. [PMID: 31193162 PMCID: PMC6520661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benfotiamine (BFT) is a synthetic thiamine precursor with high bioavailability. It is efficient in treating complications of type 2 diabetes and has beneficial effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanism of action of BFT remains unknown, though it is sometimes suggested that it may be linked to increased thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) coenzyme function. Methods We used a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro2a) grown in thiamine-restricted medium. The cells were stressed by exposure to paraquat (PQ) or amyloid β1-42 peptide in the presence or absence of BFT and the cell survival was measured using the MTT method. In each case, BFT was compared with sulbutiamine (SuBT), an unrelated thiamine precursor, and thiamine. Metabolites of BFT were determined by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Results At 50 μM, BFT protects the cells against PQ and amyloid β1-42 peptide-induced toxicity with the same efficacy. Protective effects were also observed with SuBT and with higher concentrations of thiamine. The main metabolites of BFT were thiamine and S-benzoylthiamine (S-BT). Treatment with both precursors induces a strong increase in intracellular content of thiamine. Protective effects of BFT and SuBT are directly related to thiamine (but not ThDP) levels in Neuro2a cells. Conclusions BFT, SuBT and thiamine all protect the cells against oxidative stress, suggesting an antioxidant effect of thiamine. Our results are not in favor of a direct ROS scavenging effect of thiamine but rather an indirect effect possibly mediated by some antioxidant signaling pathway. It is however not clear whether this effect is due to thiamine itself, its thiol form or an unknown metabolite. General significance Our results suggest a role of thiamine in protection against oxidative stress, independent of the coenzyme function of thiamine diphosphate.
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Key Words
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- BFT, benfotiamine
- Cell biology
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Neuroscience
- O-BT, O-benzoylthiamine
- PQ, paraquat
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S-BT, S-benzoylthiamine
- SuBT, sulbutiamine
- TPK, thiamine pyrophosphokinase
- ThDP, thiamine diphosphate
- ThMP, thiamine monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Sambon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Napp
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Demelenne
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Vignisse
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Wins
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Gorlova A, Pavlov D, Anthony DC, Ponomarev ED, Sambon M, Proshin A, Shafarevich I, Babaevskaya D, Lesсh KP, Bettendorff L, Strekalova T. Thiamine and benfotiamine counteract ultrasound-induced aggression, normalize AMPA receptor expression and plasticity markers, and reduce oxidative stress in mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 156:107543. [PMID: 30817932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The negative societal impacts associated with the increasing prevalence of violence and aggression is increasing, and, with this rise, is the need to understand the molecular and cellular changes that underpin ultrasound-induced aggressive behavior. In mice, stress-induced aggression is known to alter AMPA receptor subunit expression, plasticity markers, and oxidative stress within the brain. Here, we induced aggression in BALB/c mice using chronic ultrasound exposure and examined the impact of the psychoactive anti-oxidant compounds thiamine (vitamin B1), and its derivative benfotiamine, on AMPA receptor subunit expression, established plasticity markers, and oxidative stress. The administration of thiamine or benfotiamine (200 mg/kg/day) in drinking water decreased aggressive behavior following 3-weeks of ultrasound exposure and benfotiamine, reduced floating behavior in the swim test. The vehicle-treated ultrasound-exposed mice exhibited increases in protein carbonyl and total glutathione, altered AMPA receptor subunits expression, and decreased expression of plasticity markers. These ultrasound-induced effects were ameliorated by thiamine and benfotiamine treatment; in particular both antioxidants were able to reverse ultrasound-induced changes in GluA1 and GluA2 subunit expression, and, within the prefrontal cortex, significantly reversed the changes in protein carbonyl and polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) expression levels. Benfotiamine was usually more efficacious than thiamine. Thus, the thiamine compounds were able to counteract ultrasound-induced aggression, which was accompanied by the normalization of markers that have been showed to be associated with ultrasound-induced aggression. These commonly used, orally-active compounds may have considerable potential for use in the control of aggression within the community. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Current status of the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL, 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Av. Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pavlov
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL, 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Av. Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiiskaya Str, 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, OX1 3QT, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Margaux Sambon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Av. Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrey Proshin
- Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Baltiiskaya Str, 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Shafarevich
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL, 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Babaevskaya
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesсh
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL, 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Av. Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL, 6229ER, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya Street 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiiskaya Str, 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia.
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Janssen JJE, Grefte S, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins. Front Physiol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30809153 PMCID: PMC6379835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that control metabolic homeostasis and ATP generation, but also play an important role in other processes, like cell death decisions and immune signaling. Mitochondria produce a diverse array of metabolites that act in the mitochondria itself, but also function as signaling molecules to other parts of the cell. Communication of mitochondria with the nucleus by metabolites that are produced by the mitochondria provides the cells with a dynamic regulatory system that is able to respond to changing metabolic conditions. Dysregulation of the interplay between mitochondrial metabolites and the nucleus has been shown to play a role in disease etiology, such as cancer and type II diabetes. Multiple recent studies emphasize the crucial role of nutritional cofactors in regulating these metabolic networks. Since B-vitamins directly regulate mitochondrial metabolism, understanding the role of B-vitamins in mito-nuclear communication is relevant for therapeutic applications and optimal dietary lifestyle. In this review, we will highlight emerging concepts in mito-nuclear communication and will describe the role of B-vitamins in mitochondrial metabolite-mediated nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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60
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Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer’s Disease Through Modulation of NRF2. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-08523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hillemacher T, Frieling H. Pharmacotherapeutic options for co-morbid depression and alcohol dependence. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:547-569. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1561870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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