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Li W, Sun L, Yue L, Xiao S. Associations between afternoon napping, left amygdala volume and cognitive performance in elderly with normal cognitive function. Sleep Med 2024; 113:232-237. [PMID: 38064794 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the elderly is very complex and the mechanism is unknown. METHODS In the current study, 194 community elders with normal cognitive functions were included. All subjects completed baseline clinical assessment, baseline neuropsychological test as well as baseline structural MRI. Based on their napping status, these 194 participants were divided into the napping group (n = 88) and the non-napping group (n = 106). We then compared the differences in cognitive performance and structural magnetic resonance between the two groups. RESULTS In the intergroup analysis, we found that the nappers showed poorer cognitive performance on both overall cognitive function and domain specific cognitive function; while on the whole sample, we found a significant negative association (F = 20.27, p<0.001) between afternoon napping and left amygdala volume. However, we did not find any effect of night sleep length or napping frequency on cognitive performance or left amygdala volume. CONCLUSIONS In community elders with normal cognitive functions, afternoon napping is associated with cognitive performance, and left amygdala may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Olsen A, Locascio J, Tuncali I, Laroussi N, Abatzis E, Kamenskaya P, Kuras Y, Yi T, Videnovic A, Hayes M, Ho G, Paulson J, Khurana V, Herrington T, Hyman B, Selkoe D, Growdon J, Gomperts S, Riise T, Schwarzschild M, Hung A, Wills A, Scherzer C. Health phenome of Parkinson's patients reveals prominent mood-sleep cluster. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3683455. [PMID: 38196602 PMCID: PMC10775372 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3683455/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Associations between phenotypic traits, environmental exposures, and Parkinson's disease have largely been evaluated one-by-one, piecemeal, and pre-selections. A comprehensive picture of comorbidities, phenotypes, exposures, and polypharmacy characterizing the complexity and heterogeneity of real-world patients presenting to academic movement disorders clinics in the US is missing. Objectives To portrait the complexity of features associated with patients with Parkinson's disease in a study of 933 cases and 291 controls enrolled in the Harvard Biomarkers Study. Methods The primary analysis evaluated 64 health features for associations with Parkinson's using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. We adjusted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate (FDR) with £ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Exploratory analyses examined feature correlation clusters and feature combinations. Results Depression (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.71), anxiety (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 2.01-5.75), sleep apnea (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.47-4.92), and restless leg syndrome (RLS; OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.81-12.1) were significantly more common in patients with Parkinson's than in controls adjusting for age and sex with FDR £ 0.05. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep apnea, and RLS were correlated, and these diseases formed part of a larger cluster of mood traits and sleep traits linked to PD. Exposures to pesticides (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.37-2.6), head trauma (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.51-3.73), and smoking (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.75) were significantly associated with the disease consistent with previous studies. Vitamin supplementation with cholecalciferol (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.4-3.45) and coenzyme Q10 (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.89-4.92) was more commonly used by patients than controls. Cumulatively, 43% (398 of 933) of Parkinson's patients had at least one psychiatric or sleep disorder, compared to 21% (60 of 291) of healthy controls. Conclusions 43% of Parkinson's patients seen at Harvard-affiliated teaching hospitals have depression, anxiety, and disordered sleep. This syndromic cluster of mood and sleep traits may be pathophysiologically linked and clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Locascio
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Yi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | | | | | - Gary Ho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Ma H, Gu L, Wang Y, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Shao W, Yu Q, Lian X, Liu L, Gu J, Ji N, Liu X, Nagayasu K, Zhang H. The States of Different 5-HT Receptors Located in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Are Crucial for Regulating the Awakening During General Anesthesia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6931-6948. [PMID: 37516665 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
General anesthesia is widely used in various clinical practices due to its ability to cause loss of consciousness. However, the exact mechanism of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness remains unclear. It is generally thought that arousal-related brain nuclei are involved. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is closely associated with sleep arousal. Here, we explore the role of the 5-HT system in anesthetic awakening through pharmacological interventions and optogenetic techniques. Our data showed that exogenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) could significantly shorten the emergence time of sevoflurane anesthesia in mice, suggesting that regulation of the 5-HT system using both endogenous and exogenous approaches could mediate delayed emergence. In addition, we first discovered that the different 5-HT receptors located in the DR, known as 5-HT autoreceptors, are essential for the regulation of general anesthetic awakening, with 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C receptors playing a regulatory role. These results can provide a reliable theoretical basis as well as potential targets for clinical intervention to prevent delayed emergence and some postoperative risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiXiang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Medical College of Jining Medical University, Ningji, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - LeYuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - YuLing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - WeiHui Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - XiTing Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - JiaXuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - XiaoLing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - HongHai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Medical College of Jining Medical University, Ningji, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Woo KA, Kim H, Yoon EJ, Shin JH, Nam H, Jeon B, Kim YK, Lee J. Brain olfactory-related atrophy in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2192-2207. [PMID: 37743764 PMCID: PMC10723229 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate structural and functional connectivity changes in brain olfactory-related structures in a longitudinal prospective cohort of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and their clinical correlations, longitudinal evolution, and predictive values for phenoconversion to overt synucleinopathies, especially Lewy body diseases. METHODS The cohort included polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and controls. Participants underwent baseline assessments including olfactory tests, neuropsychological evaluations, the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, 3T brain MRI, and 18 F-FP-CIT PET scans. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to identify regions of atrophy in iRBD, and volumes of relevant olfactory-related regions of interest (ROI) were estimated. Subgroups of patients underwent repeated volumetric MRI and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scans after four years. RESULTS A total of 51 iRBD patients were included, with 20 of them converting to synucleinopathy (mean time to conversion 3.08 years). Baseline VBM analysis revealed atrophy in the right olfactory cortex and gyrus rectus in iRBD. Subsequent ROI comparisons with controls showed atrophy in the amygdala. These olfactory-related atrophies tended to be associated with worse depression, anxiety, and urinary problems in iRBD. Amygdala 18 F-FP-CIT uptake tended to be reduced in iRBD patients with hyposmia (nonsignificant after multiple comparison correction) and correlated with urinary problems. Resting-state fMRI of 23 patients and 32 controls revealed multiple clusters with aberrant olfactory-related functional connectivity. Hypoconnectivity between the putamen and olfactory cortex was associated with mild parkinsonian signs in iRBD. Longitudinal analysis of volumetric volumetric MRI in 22 iRBD patients demonstrated four-year progression of olfactory-related atrophy. Cox regression analysis revealed that this atrophy significantly predicted phenoconversion. INTERPRETATION Progressive atrophy of central olfactory structures may be a potential indicator of Lewy body disease progression in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Woo
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoon
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Memory Network Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Shin
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Nam
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Yan G, Kong L, Yang L, Sun H, Han Y, Zhang J, Wang X. Mass spectrum oriented metabolomics for evaluating the efficacy and discovering the metabolic mechanism of Naoling Pian for insomnia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115756. [PMID: 37776625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is an accompanying symptom of many diseases and is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Naoling Pian (NLP) is a patented Chinese medicine mainly used to treat insomnia. To evaluate the sedative and hypnotic effects of NLP and its modulatory effects on biological metabolites and metabolic pathways, rats with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia were given different doses of NLP by oral gavage for seven days. Diazepam (DZP) served as a positive control. Behavior was measured using the open field test, and neurotransmitter levels in the brain tissue related to sleep were measured using ELISA. The metabolic profiles and biomarkers of PCPA-induced insomnia in rats before and after NLP administration were analyzed using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with multivariate data analysis. The results showed that the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain tissue were significantly recovered in the NLP treatment groups, demonstrating similar or even superior therapeutic effects compared to the DZP group. The behavior of the PCPA-model rats partially recovered to normal levels after seven days of treatment. Metabolomics identified 30 metabolites in the urine as potential biomarkers of insomnia, and NLP significantly altered 25 of these, involving 21 metabolic pathways. NLP has a remarkable effect on insomnia, the therapeutic effects of which may be largely due to the rectification of metabolic disturbances. This is the first study of the sedative and hypnotic effects of NLP from a metabolomic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ling Kong
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Wusuli River Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China.
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Koyama Y. The role of orexinergic system in the regulation of cataplexy. Peptides 2023; 169:171080. [PMID: 37598758 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Loss of orexin/hypocretin causes serious sleep disorder; narcolepsy. Cataplexy is the most striking symptom of narcolepsy, characterized by abrupt muscle paralysis induced by emotional stimuli, and has been considered pathological activation of REM sleep atonia system. Clinical treatments for cataplexy/narcolepsy and early pharmacological studies in narcoleptic dogs tell us about the involvement of monoaminergic and cholinergic systems in the control of cataplexy/narcolepsy. Muscle atonia may be induced by activation of REM sleep-atonia generating system in the brainstem. Emotional stimuli may be processed in the limbic systems including the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex. It is now considered that orexin/hypocretin prevents cataplexy by modulating the activity of different points of cataplexy-inducing circuit, including monoaminergic/cholinergic systems, muscle atonia-generating systems, and emotion-related systems. This review will describe the recent advances in understanding the neural mechanisms controlling cataplexy, with a focus on the involvement of orexin/hypocretin system, and will discuss future experimental strategies that will lead to further understanding and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Koyama
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanaya-gawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan..
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ROBBERECHTS RUBEN, ALBOUY GENEVIÈVE, HESPEL PETER, POFFÉ CHIEL. Exogenous Ketosis Improves Sleep Efficiency and Counteracts the Decline in REM Sleep after Strenuous Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:2064-2074. [PMID: 37259248 PMCID: PMC10581428 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Available evidence indicates that ketone bodies may improve sleep quality. Therefore, we determined whether ketone ester (KE) intake could counteract sleep disruptions induced by strenuous exercise. METHODS Ten well-trained cyclists with good sleep quality participated in a randomized crossover design consisting of two experimental sessions each involving a morning endurance training and an evening high-intensity interval training ending 1 h before sleep, after which polysomnography was performed overnight. Postexercise and 30 min before sleeping time, subjects received either 25 g of KE (EX KE ) or a placebo drink (EX CON ). A third session without exercise but with placebo supplements (R CON ) was added to evaluate the effect of exercise per se on sleep. RESULTS Blood d -β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations transiently increased to ~3 mM postexercise and during the first part of the night in EX KE but not in EX CON or R CON . Exercise significantly reduced rapid eye movement sleep by 26% ( P = 0.001 vs R CON ) and increased wakefulness after sleep onset by 95% ( P = 0.004 vs R CON ). Interestingly, KE improved sleep efficiency by 3% ( P = 0.040 vs EX CON ) and counteracted the exercise-induced decrease in rapid eye movement sleep ( P = 0.011 vs EX CON ) and the increase in wakefulness after sleep onset ( P = 0.009 vs EX CON ). This was accompanied by a KE-induced increase in dopamine excretion ( P = 0.033 vs EX CON ), which plays a pivotal role in sleep regulation. In addition, exercise increased sleep spindle density by 36% ( P = 0.005 vs R CON ), suggesting an effect on neural plasticity processes during sleep. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that KE ingestion improves sleep efficiency and quality after high-intensity exercise. We provide preliminary evidence that this might result from KE-induced increases in dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- RUBEN ROBBERECHTS
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - GENEVIÈVE ALBOUY
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - PETER HESPEL
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - CHIEL POFFÉ
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, BELGIUM
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Urushihata T, Goto M, Kabetani K, Kiyozuka M, Maruyama S, Tsuji S, Tada H, Satoh A. Evaluation of cellular activity in response to sleep deprivation by a comprehensive analysis of the whole mouse brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1252689. [PMID: 37928729 PMCID: PMC10620513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1252689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) causes several adverse functional outcomes, and understanding the associated processes can improve quality of life. Although the effects of SD on neuronal activity in several brain regions have been identified, a comprehensive evaluation of the whole brain is still lacking. Hence, we performed SD using two different methods, gentle handling and a dedicated chamber, in targeted recombination in active populations 2 (TRAP2) mice crossed with Rosa-ZsGreen reporter mice and visualized cellular activity in the whole brain. Using the semi-automated post-imaging analysis tool Slice Histology Alignment, Registration, and Cell Quantification (SHARCQ), the number of activated cells was quantified. From the analysis of 14 brain regions, cellular activity was significantly increased in the olfactory areas and decreased in the medulla by the two SD methods. From the analysis of the further subdivided 348 regions, cellular activity was significantly increased in the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, lateral hypothalamic area, parabigeminal nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and magnocellular reticular nucleus, and decreased in the anterior part of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus, nucleus accumbens, septohippocampal nucleus, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, preoptic part of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial preoptic nucleus, rostral linear nucleus raphe, facial motor nucleus, vestibular nuclei, and some fiber tracts (oculomotor nerve, genu of corpus callosum, and rubrospinal tract) by the two SD methods. Two subdivided regions of the striatum (caudoputamen and other striatum), epithalamus, vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, anteroventral preoptic nucleus, superior colliculus optic layer, medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, pontine gray, and fiber tracts (medial lemniscus, columns of the fornix, brachium of the inferior colliculus, and mammillary peduncle) were differentially affected by the two SD methods. Most brain regions detected from these analyses have been reported to be involved in regulating sleep/wake regulatory circuits. Moreover, the results from the connectivity analysis indicated that the connectivity of cellular activity among brain regions was altered by SD. Together, such a comprehensive analysis of the whole brain is useful for understanding the mechanisms by which SD and/or sleep disruption affects brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Urushihata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Mio Goto
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Keiko Kabetani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Mai Kiyozuka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
| | - Shiho Maruyama
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsuji
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiko Satoh
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Ito H, Fukatsu N, Rahaman SM, Mukai Y, Izawa S, Ono D, Kilduff TS, Yamanaka A. Deficiency of orexin signaling during sleep is involved in abnormal REM sleep architecture in narcolepsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301951120. [PMID: 37796986 PMCID: PMC10576136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301951120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by deficiency of orexin signaling. However, the neural mechanisms by which deficient orexin signaling causes the abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characteristics of narcolepsy, such as cataplexy and frequent transitions to REM states, are not fully understood. Here, we determined the activity dynamics of orexin neurons during sleep that suppress the abnormal REM sleep architecture of narcolepsy. Orexin neurons were highly active during wakefulness, showed intermittent synchronous activity during non-REM (NREM) sleep, were quiescent prior to the transition from NREM to REM sleep, and a small subpopulation of these cells was active during REM sleep. Orexin neurons that lacked orexin peptides were less active during REM sleep and were mostly silent during cataplexy. Optogenetic inhibition of orexin neurons established that the activity dynamics of these cells during NREM sleep regulate NREM-REM sleep transitions. Inhibition of orexin neurons during REM sleep increased subsequent REM sleep in "orexin intact" mice and subsequent cataplexy in mice lacking orexin peptides, indicating that the activity of a subpopulation of orexin neurons during the preceding REM sleep suppresses subsequent REM sleep and cataplexy. Thus, these results identify how deficient orexin signaling during sleep results in the abnormal REM sleep architecture characteristic of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ito
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo102-0083, Japan
| | - Noriaki Fukatsu
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
| | - Sheikh Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mukai
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Izawa
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
| | - Thomas S. Kilduff
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya466-8550, Japan
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing102206, China
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi444-8585, Japan
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi444-8585, Japan
- Division of Brain Sciences Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo160-8582, Japan
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60
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Hong J, Lozano DE, Beier KT, Chung S, Weber F. Prefrontal cortical regulation of REM sleep. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1820-1832. [PMID: 37735498 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is accompanied by intense cortical activity, underlying its wake-like electroencephalogram. The neural activity inducing REM sleep is thought to originate from subcortical circuits in brainstem and hypothalamus. However, whether cortical neurons can also trigger REM sleep has remained unknown. Here we show in mice that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) strongly promotes REM sleep. Bidirectional optogenetic manipulations demonstrate that excitatory mPFC neurons promote REM sleep through their projections to the lateral hypothalamus and regulate phasic events, reflected in accelerated electroencephalogram theta oscillations and increased eye movement density during REM sleep. Calcium imaging reveals that the majority of lateral hypothalamus-projecting mPFC neurons are maximally activated during REM sleep and a subpopulation is recruited during phasic theta accelerations. Our results delineate a cortico-hypothalamic circuit for the top-down control of REM sleep and identify a critical role of the mPFC in regulating phasic events during REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiso Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David E Lozano
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Han J, Zheng S, Jin J, Wu T, Shi Y, Yang K, Zhang H, Li Y, Sun Y, Lv Y, Yao C, Lin T, Zhu C, Liu H. Polydopamine-loaded prunetin nanomaterials activate DRD2 to reduce UV-induced inflammation by stabilizing and promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:556-565. [PMID: 37532131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light has been well documented clinically and histologically. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) possesses various biological functions. However, no study has reported the possible association of DRD2 with UV-induced skin damage. We established DRD2 conditional knockout and UV damage models in this work. The results showed that DRD2 played an important role in the treatment of UV-induced skin damage. The findings of the molecular mechanism study revealed that the internalization of DRD2 after activation can stabilize nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus did not increase. We prepared and characterized hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles (H@P@M). HA facilitated skin epidermal penetration of the nanoparticles to reach the site of inflammation smoothly. Meanwhile, MPDA activated DRD2 internalization to stabilize Nrf2. The release of prunetin inhibited the interaction of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 with Nrf2 and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. In summary, this study unveiled that in skin inflammation, H@P@M activated and internalized DRD2, which subsequently formed a protein complex with arrestin beta 1-ubiquitin specific protease 8 (USP8)-Nrf2. Deubiquitination was performed to stabilize Nrf2 while promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Skin is the body's largest physical barrier, always protecting the body from the interference of the external environment. However, excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays in the sun can cause skin inflammation, leading to skin erythema, itching, edema and pain, which can be troublesome in our daily lives. The complex mechanism of skin inflammation caused by ultraviolet radiation has not been fully clarified. In this study, the role of DRD2 in UV-induced skin inflammation was explored, and nano-composite particles HA@Prunetin@MPDA, which act on multiple targets in the anti-inflammatory pathway of DRD2, were developed to maximize the effect of the drug. It provides a new way to treat skin inflammation caused by UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Han
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoting Zheng
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting Lin
- Medical Plastic and Cosmetic Center, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Caibin Zhu
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Cheermore Cosmetic Dermatology Laboratory, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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62
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Ramasubbu K, Ramanathan G, Venkatraman G, Rajeswari VD. Sleep-associated insulin resistance promotes neurodegeneration. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8665-8681. [PMID: 37580496 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modification can lead to numerous health issues closely associated with sleep. Sleep deprivation and disturbances significantly affect inflammation, immunity, neurodegeneration, cognitive depletion, memory impairment, neuroplasticity, and insulin resistance. Sleep significantly impacts brain and memory formation, toxin excretion, hormonal function, metabolism, and motor and cognitive functions. Sleep restriction associated with insulin resistance affects these functions by interfering with the insulin signalling pathway, neurotransmission, inflammatory pathways, and plasticity of neurons. So, in this review, We discuss the evidence that suggests that neurodegeneration occurs via sleep and is associated with insulin resistance, along with the insulin signalling pathways involved in neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, while exploring the role of hormones in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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63
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Gao JX, Yan G, Li XX, Xie JF, Spruyt K, Shao YF, Hou YP. The Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) Waves in Dreaming: An Overview. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37759951 PMCID: PMC10526299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the main sleep correlate of dreaming. Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are a signature of REM sleep. They represent the physiological mechanism of REM sleep that specifically limits the processing of external information. PGO waves look just like a message sent from the pons to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the visual thalamus, the occipital cortex, and other areas of the brain. The dedicated visual pathway of PGO waves can be interpreted by the brain as visual information, leading to the visual hallucinosis of dreams. PGO waves are considered to be both a reflection of REM sleep brain activity and causal to dreams due to their stimulation of the cortex. In this review, we summarize the role of PGO waves in potential neural circuits of two major theories, i.e., (1) dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem; (2) PGO waves signaling to the cortex. In addition, the potential physiological functions during REM sleep dreams, such as memory consolidation, unlearning, and brain development and plasticity and mood regulation, are discussed. It is hoped that our review will support and encourage research into the phenomenon of human PGO waves and their possible functions in dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Guizhong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Xin-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Karen Spruyt
- NeuroDiderot-INSERM, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.-X.G.); (G.Y.); (X.-X.L.); (J.-F.X.)
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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64
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Toth BA, Chang KS, Fechtali S, Burgess CR. Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens promotes REM sleep and cataplexy. iScience 2023; 26:107613. [PMID: 37664637 PMCID: PMC10470413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with the sleep disorder narcolepsy suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, disrupted nighttime sleep, and cataplexy-the abrupt loss of postural muscle tone during wakefulness, often triggered by strong emotion. The dopamine (DA) system is implicated in both sleep-wake states and cataplexy, but little is known about the function of DA release in the striatum and sleep disorders. Recording DA release in the ventral striatum revealed orexin-independent changes across sleep-wake states as well as striking increases in DA release in the ventral, but not dorsal, striatum prior to cataplexy onset. Tonic low-frequency stimulation of ventral tegmental efferents in the ventral striatum suppressed both cataplexy and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while phasic high-frequency stimulation increased cataplexy propensity and decreased the latency to REM sleep. Together, our findings demonstrate a functional role of DA release in the striatum in regulating cataplexy and REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Toth
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katie S. Chang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Fechtali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian R. Burgess
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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65
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Wu MF, Thannickal TC, Li S, McGregor R, Lai YY, Siegel JM. Effects of sodium oxybate on hypocretin/orexin and locus coeruleus neurons. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad135. [PMID: 37155728 PMCID: PMC10848214 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of sodium oxybate (SXB), (also called gamma-hydroxybutyrate [GHB]) attenuates the cataplexy and sleepiness of human narcolepsy. We had previously found that chronic opiate usage in humans and long-term opiate administration to mice significantly increased the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons, decreased their size, and increased Hcrt level in the hypothalamus. We also found that opiates significantly decreased cataplexy in human narcoleptics as well as in narcoleptic mice and that cessation of locus coeruleus neuronal activity preceded and was tightly linked to cataplectic attacks in narcoleptic dogs. We tested the hypothesis that SXB produces changes similar to opiates and now report that chronic SXB administration significantly increased the size of Hcrt neurons, the reverse of what we had seen with opiates in humans and mice. Levels of Hcrt in the hypothalamus were nonsignificantly lower, in contrast to the significant increase in hypothalamic Hcrt level after opiates. SXB decreased tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the locus coeruleus, the major descending projection of the hypocretin system, also the reverse of what we saw with opioids. Therefore despite some similar effects on narcoleptic symptomatology, SXB does not produce anatomical changes similar to those elicited by opiates. Analysis of changes in other links in the cataplexy pathway might further illuminate SXB's mechanism of action on narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fung Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Thannickal
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan-Yang Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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66
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McDonald AJ. Functional neuroanatomy of monoaminergic systems in the basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala: Neuronal targets, receptors, and circuits. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1409-1432. [PMID: 37166098 PMCID: PMC10524224 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses neuroanatomical aspects of the three main monoaminergic systems innervating the basolateral nuclear complex (BNC) of the amygdala (serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems). It mainly focuses on immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) studies that have analyzed the relationship of specific monoaminergic inputs and their receptors to specific neuronal subtypes in the BNC in order to better understand the anatomical substrates of the monoaminergic modulation of BNC circuitry. First, light and electron microscopic IHC investigations identifying the main BNC neuronal subpopulations and characterizing their local circuitry, including connections with discrete PN compartments and other INs, are reviewed. Then, the relationships of each of the three monoaminergic systems to distinct PN and IN cell types, are examined in detail. For each system, the neuronal targets and their receptor expression are discussed. In addition, pertinent electrophysiological investigations are discussed. The last section of the review compares and contrasts various aspects of each of the three monoaminergic systems. It is concluded that the large number of different receptors, each with a distinct mode of action, expressed by distinct cell types with different connections and functions, should offer innumerable ways to subtlety regulate the activity of the BNC by therapeutic drugs in psychiatric diseases in which there are alterations of BNC monoaminergic modulatory systems, such as in anxiety disorders, depression, and drug addiction. It is suggested that an important area for future studies is to investigate how the three systems interact in concert at the neuronal and neuronal network levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Joseph McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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67
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Fraigne JJ, Luppi PH, Mahoney CE, De Luca R, Shiromani PJ, Weber F, Adamantidis A, Peever J. Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area modulate rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad024. [PMID: 36775897 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pierre H Luppi
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM, and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carrie E Mahoney
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Research, Centre for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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68
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Sakurai T, Hasegawa E. Connecting the amygdala and dopamine: exploring the mysteries of rapid-eye movement sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad157. [PMID: 37319325 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Medicine , University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emi Hasegawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Medicine , University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Present affiliation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
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69
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Castillo PR. Clinical Neurobiology of Sleep and Wakefulness. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1016-1030. [PMID: 37590820 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article focuses on novel neuronal mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness and relates basic science developments with potential translational implications in circadian neurobiology, pharmacology, behavioral factors, and the recently integrated potential pathways of sleep-related motor inhibition. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS During the past decade, remarkable advances in the molecular biology of sleep and wakefulness have taken place, opening a promising path for the understanding of clinical sleep disorders. Newly gained insights include the role of astrocytes in sleep brain homeostasis through the glymphatic system, the promotion of memory consolidation during states of reduced cholinergic activity during slow wave sleep, and the differential functions of melatonin receptors involving regulation of both circadian rhythm and sleep initiation. Ongoing investigations exploring sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are beginning to unlock pathophysiologic aspects of neurologic, psychiatric, and medical disorders. ESSENTIAL POINTS An understanding of sleep and circadian neurobiology provides coherent and biologically credible approaches to treatments, including the identification of potential targets for neuromodulation.
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70
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Zhu M, Huang H. The Underlying Mechanisms of Sleep Deprivation Exacerbating Neuropathic Pain. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:579-591. [PMID: 37533626 PMCID: PMC10392808 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s414174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain disrupts sleep, and sleep deprivation or interference can alter pain perception in animals and humans, for example by increasing sensitivity to pain. However, the mechanism by which sleep affects neuropathic pain remains unclear. In this review, we discuss the available evidence from the epidemiologic, clinical, and human, as well as laboratory studies. In previous studies, we have found that sleep deprivation affects various injurious systems, including opioids, dopaminergic, immune, orexins, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and adenosine. At the same time, these systems play a crucial role in neuropathic pain regulation. In the complex interactions between these neurobiological systems, there may be potential regulatory pathways through which sleep deprivation amplifies neuropathic pain. Because of the impact sleep problems and neuropathic pain can have on the patients' quality of life, studying the link between sleep and neuropathic pain is important for neuropathic pain prevention and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
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71
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Xu Y, Qu B, Liu F, Gong Z, Zhang Y, Xu D. Sleep Deprivation and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers: Effects of REM and SWS Sleep Deprivation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2023; 2023:7121295. [PMID: 37469834 PMCID: PMC10353901 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Using PSG-guided acute selective REM/SWS sleep deprivation in volunteers, this study examined the effects of sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the relationship between cardiac neuromodulation homeostasis and cardiovascular disease. Methods An experiment was conducted using 30 healthy volunteers (male : female = 1 : 1, aged 26.33 ± 4.5 years) divided into groups for sleep deprivation of SWS and REM sleep, and then, each group was crossed over for normal sleep (2 days) and repeated sleep deprivation (1 day, 3 times). During the study period, PSG and ELECTRO ECG monitoring were conducted, and five-minute frequency domain parameters and blood pressure values were measured before and after sleep deprivation. Results Changes in VLF, LFnu, LF/HF, HF, and HFnu after SWS sleep deprivation were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but not LF (P = 0.063). Changes in VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF, LFnu, and HFnu after REM sleep deprivation were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions An increase in sympathetic nerve activity results from sleep deprivation and sudden awakening from SWS sleep is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaHui Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - BinBin Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - FengJuan Liu
- Clinical Trial Research Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - ZhiHua Gong
- Electrocardiogram Department, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - DeXiang Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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72
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Nir Y, de Lecea L. Sleep and vigilance states: Embracing spatiotemporal dynamics. Neuron 2023; 111:1998-2011. [PMID: 37148873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The classic view of sleep and vigilance states is a global stationary perspective driven by the interaction between neuromodulators and thalamocortical systems. However, recent data are challenging this view by demonstrating that vigilance states are highly dynamic and regionally complex. Spatially, sleep- and wake-like states often co-occur across distinct brain regions, as in unihemispheric sleep, local sleep in wakefulness, and during development. Temporally, dynamic switching prevails around state transitions, during extended wakefulness, and in fragmented sleep. This knowledge, together with methods monitoring brain activity across multiple regions simultaneously at millisecond resolution with cell-type specificity, is rapidly shifting how we consider vigilance states. A new perspective incorporating multiple spatial and temporal scales may have important implications for considering the governing neuromodulatory mechanisms, the functional roles of vigilance states, and their behavioral manifestations. A modular and dynamic view highlights novel avenues for finer spatiotemporal interventions to improve sleep function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Sieratzki-Sagol Center for Sleep Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel.
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Zheng Y, Li Y. Past, present, and future of tools for dopamine detection. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00295-6. [PMID: 37419404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a critical neuromodulator involved in various brain functions. To understand how DA regulates neural circuits and behaviors in the physiological and pathological conditions, it is essential to have tools that enable the direct detection of DA dynamics in vivo. Recently, genetically encoded DA sensors based on G protein-coupled receptors revolutionized this field, as it allows us to track in vivo DA dynamic with unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution, high molecular specificity, and sub-second kinetics. In this review, we first summarize traditional DA detection methods. Then we focus on the development of genetically encoded DA sensors and feature its significance to understanding dopaminergic neuromodulation across diverse behaviors and species. Finally, we present our perspectives about the future direction of the next-generation DA sensors and extend their potential applications. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the past, present, and future of DA detection tools, with important implications for the study of DA functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
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74
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Ratna D, Mondal AC, Mallick BN. Modulation of dopamine from ventral tegmental area neurons by the LC-REM-OFF and PPT-REM-ON neurons in REMS regulation in freely moving rats. Neuropharmacology 2023:109621. [PMID: 37276957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of dopamine (DA)-ergic neurons in ventral tegmental area (VTA) in schizophrenia, depression, hallucinations have been extensively studied. Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), the closest objective correlate of dream and hallucination, is disrupted during these psychological dysfunctions; however, it was unknown if there is any common neuronal substrate for their regulation. Interactions among locus coeruleus (LC) REM-OFF and pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) REM-ON neurons have been reported to regulate REMS in health and diseases. Recently we have reported that PPT neurons modulate VTA and REMS. However, although VTA-DA neurons receive projections from LC and PPT, their role in REMS regulation was unclear. We proposed that the LC and PPT might intermittently modulate VTA-DA neurons and modulate REMS. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared and electrophysiological wakefulness-sleep-REMS recorded in chronic freely moving condition. We employed RNAi induced downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to evaluate the role of VTA-DA in regulating REMS. We observed that TH-knockdown in VTA decreased REMS in experimental rats, which returned to baseline upon PPT stimulation. Thus, VTA-DA neurons are activated by the REM-ON neurons to modulate REMS, the closest objectively recordable correlate of dreams. In these animals, LC stimulation altered Non-REMS and waking. Based on the findings we have discussed the role of VTA neurochemical circuitry in REMS regulation and their possible implications with REMS-associated dreaming and hallucination in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshdeepak Ratna
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Birendra Nath Mallick
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University Campus, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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75
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Prokofeva K, Saito YC, Niwa Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Hirano A, Sakurai T. Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4075-4092. [PMID: 37117013 PMCID: PMC10255079 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1913-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how sleep-wakefulness cycles are regulated, it is essential to disentangle structural and functional relationships between the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), since these regions play important yet opposing roles in the sleep-wakefulness regulation. GABA- and galanin (GAL)-producing neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the POA (VLPOGABA and VLPOGAL neurons) are responsible for the maintenance of sleep, while the LHA contains orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) that are crucial for maintenance of wakefulness. Through the use of rabies virus-mediated neural tracing combined with in situ hybridization (ISH) in male and female orexin-iCre mice, we revealed that the vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat, Slc32a1)- and galanin (Gal)-expressing neurons in the VLPO directly synapse with orexin neurons in the LHA. A majority (56.3 ± 8.1%) of all VLPO input neurons connecting to orexin neurons were double-positive for Vgat and Gal Using projection-specific rabies virus-mediated tracing in male and female Vgat-ires-Cre and Gal-Cre mice, we discovered that VLPOGABA and VLPOGAL neurons that send projections to the LHA received innervations from similarly distributed input neurons in many brain regions, with the POA and LHA being among the main upstream areas. Additionally, we found that acute optogenetic excitation of axons of VLPOGABA neurons, but not VLPOGAL neurons, in the LHA of male Vgat-ires-Cre mice induced wakefulness. This study deciphers the connectivity between the VLPO and LHA, provides a large-scale map of upstream neuronal populations of VLPO→LHA neurons, and reveals a previously uncovered function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We identified neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) that are positive for vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) and/or galanin (Gal) and serve as presynaptic partners of orexin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). We depicted monosynaptic input neurons of GABA- and galanin-producing neurons in the VLPO that send projections to the LHA throughout the entire brain. Their input neurons largely overlap, suggesting that they comprise a common neuronal population. However, acute excitatory optogenetic manipulation of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway, but not the VLPOGAL→LHA pathway, evoked wakefulness. This study shows the connectivity of major components of the sleep/wake circuitry in the hypothalamus and unveils a previously unrecognized function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in sleep-wakefulness regulation. Furthermore, we suggest the existence of subpopulations of VLPOGABA neurons that innervate LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Prokofeva
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki C Saito
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Niwa
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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76
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Toth BA, Chang KS, Burgess CR. Striatal dopamine regulates sleep states and narcolepsy-cataplexy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542872. [PMID: 37397994 PMCID: PMC10312558 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to sleep can be debilitating and have a severe effect on daily life. Patients with the sleep disorder narcolepsy suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, disrupted nighttime sleep, and cataplexy - the abrupt loss of postural muscle tone (atonia) during wakefulness, often triggered by strong emotion. The dopamine (DA) system is implicated in both sleep-wake states and cataplexy, but little is known about the function of DA release in the striatum - a major output region of midbrain DA neurons - and sleep disorders. To better characterize the function and pattern of DA release in sleepiness and cataplexy, we combined optogenetics, fiber photometry, and sleep recordings in a murine model of narcolepsy (orexin-/-; OX KO) and in wildtype mice. Recording DA release in the ventral striatum revealed OX-independent changes across sleep-wake states as well as striking increases in DA release in the ventral, but not dorsal, striatum prior to cataplexy onset. Tonic low frequency stimulation of ventral tegmental efferents in the ventral striatum suppressed both cataplexy and REM sleep, while phasic high frequency stimulation increased cataplexy propensity and decreased the latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Together, our findings demonstrate a functional role of DA release in the striatum in regulating cataplexy and REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Toth
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Katie S. Chang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Christian R. Burgess
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Masuda K, Katsuda Y, Niwa Y, Sakurai T, Hirano A. Analysis of circadian rhythm components in EEG/EMG data of aged mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1173537. [PMID: 37250413 PMCID: PMC10213445 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1173537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging disrupts circadian clocks, as evidenced by a reduction in the amplitude of circadian rhythms. Because the circadian clock strongly influences sleep-wake behavior in mammals, age-related alterations in sleep-wake patterns may be attributable, at least partly, to functional changes in the circadian clock. However, the effect of aging on the circadian characteristics of sleep architecture has not been well assessed, as circadian behaviors are usually evaluated through long-term behavioral recording with wheel-running or infrared sensors. In this study, we examined age-related changes in circadian sleep-wake behavior using circadian components extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data. EEG and EMG were recorded from 12 to 17-week-old and 78 to 83-week-old mice for 3 days under light/dark and constant dark conditions. We analyzed time-dependent changes in the duration of sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep significantly increased during the night phase in old mice, whereas no significant change was observed during the light phase. The circadian components were then extracted from the EEG data for each sleep-wake stage, revealing that the circadian rhythm in the power of delta waves during NREM sleep was attenuated and delayed in old mice. Furthermore, we used machine learning to evaluate the phase of the circadian rhythm, with EEG data serving as the input and the phase of the sleep-wake rhythm (environmental time) as the output. The results indicated that the output time for the old mice data tended to be delayed, specifically at night. These results indicate that the aging process significantly impacts the circadian rhythm in the EEG power spectrum despite the circadian rhythm in the amounts of sleep and wake attenuated but still remaining in old mice. Moreover, EEG/EMG analysis is useful not only for evaluating sleep-wake stages but also for circadian rhythms in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Masuda
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoko Katsuda
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Niwa
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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78
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Bao WW, Jiang S, Qu WM, Li WX, Miao CH, Huang ZL. Understanding the Neural Mechanisms of General Anesthesia from Interaction with Sleep-Wake State: A Decade of Discovery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:532-553. [PMID: 36627210 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cutting-edge techniques to study specific brain regions and neural circuits that regulate sleep-wake brain states and general anesthesia (GA), has increased our understanding of these states that exhibit similar neurophysiologic traits. This review summarizes current knowledge focusing on cell subtypes and neural circuits that control wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM sleep, and GA. We also review novel insights into their interactions and raise unresolved questions and challenges in this field. Comparisons of the overlapping neural substrates of sleep-wake and GA regulation will help us to understand sleep-wake transitions and how anesthetics cause reversible loss of consciousness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: General anesthesia (GA), sharing numerous neurophysiologic traits with the process of natural sleep, is administered to millions of surgical patients annually. In the past decade, studies exploring the neural mechanisms underlying sleep-wake and GA have advanced our understanding of their interactions and how anesthetics cause reversible loss of consciousness. Pharmacotherapies targeting the neural substrates associated with sleep-wake and GA regulations have significance for clinical practice in GA and sleep medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., C.H.M., Z.L.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., S.J., W.M.Q., Z.L.H.), and Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital (W.X.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., C.H.M., Z.L.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., S.J., W.M.Q., Z.L.H.), and Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital (W.X.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., C.H.M., Z.L.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., S.J., W.M.Q., Z.L.H.), and Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital (W.X.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., C.H.M., Z.L.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., S.J., W.M.Q., Z.L.H.), and Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital (W.X.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Hong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., C.H.M., Z.L.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., S.J., W.M.Q., Z.L.H.), and Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital (W.X.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., C.H.M., Z.L.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College (W.W.B., S.J., W.M.Q., Z.L.H.), and Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital (W.X.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Maurer JJ, Choi A, An I, Sathi N, Chung S. Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder: Animal models, neural mechanisms, and therapeutics. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100095. [PMID: 37188242 PMCID: PMC10176270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2023.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for brain development. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Strikingly, these sleep problems are positively correlated with the severity of ASD core symptoms such as deficits in social skills and stereotypic behavior, indicating that sleep problems and the behavioral characteristics of ASD may be related. In this review, we will discuss sleep disturbances in children with ASD and highlight mouse models to study sleep disturbances and behavioral phenotypes in ASD. In addition, we will review neuromodulators controlling sleep and wakefulness and how these neuromodulatory systems are disrupted in animal models and patients with ASD. Lastly, we will address how the therapeutic interventions for patients with ASD improve various aspects of sleep. Together, gaining mechanistic insights into the neural mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in children with ASD will help us to develop better therapeutic interventions.
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80
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Sardar H, Goldstein-Piekarski AN, Giardino WJ. Amygdala neurocircuitry at the interface between emotional regulation and narcolepsy with cataplexy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1152594. [PMID: 37266541 PMCID: PMC10230954 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1152594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by chronic and excessive daytime sleepiness, and sudden intrusion of sleep during wakefulness that can fall into two categories: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 narcolepsy in humans is widely believed to be caused as a result of loss of neurons in the brain that contain the key arousal neuropeptide Orexin (Orx; also known as Hypocretin). Patients with type 1 narcolepsy often also present with cataplexy, the sudden paralysis of voluntary muscles which is triggered by strong emotions (e.g., laughter in humans, social play in dogs, and chocolate in rodents). The amygdala is a crucial emotion-processing center of the brain; however, little is known about the role of the amygdala in sleep/wake and narcolepsy with cataplexy. A collection of reports across human functional neuroimaging analyses and rodent behavioral paradigms points toward the amygdala as a critical node linking emotional regulation to cataplexy. Here, we review the existing evidence suggesting a functional role for the amygdala network in narcolepsy, and build upon a framework that describes relevant contributions from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the extended amygdala, including the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). We propose that detailed examinations of amygdala neurocircuitry controlling transitions between emotional arousal states may substantially advance progress in understanding the etiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy, leading to enhanced treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyyah Sardar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William J. Giardino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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81
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Hung C, Yamanaka A. The role of orexin neuron activity in sleep/wakefulness regulation. Peptides 2023; 165:171007. [PMID: 37030519 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Orexin (also known as hypocretin) is a neuropeptide exclusively synthesized in the neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Initially orexin was thought to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. However, it is now known to also be a critical regulator of sleep/wakefulness, especially the maintenance of wakefulness. Although the somas of orexin neurons are exclusively located in the LH, these neurons send axons throughout the brain and spinal cord. Orexin neurons integrate inputs from various brain regions and project to neurons that are involved in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. Orexin knockout mice have a fragmentation of sleep/wakefulness and cataplexy-like behavior arrest, which is similar to the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Recent progress with manipulation of neural activity of targeted neurons, using experimental tools such as optogenetics and chemogenetics, has emphasized the role of orexin neuron activity on the regulation of sleep/wakefulness. Recording of orexin neuron activity in vivo using electrophysiological and gene-encoded calcium indicator proteins revealed that these cells have specific activity patterns across sleep/wakefulness state changes. Here, we also discuss not only the role of the orexin peptide, but also the role of other co-transmitters that are synthesized and released from orexin neurons and involved in sleep/wakefulness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijung Hung
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, China; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585 Japan; Division of Brain Sciences Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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82
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Rexrode L, Tennin M, Babu J, Young C, Bollavarapu R, Lawson LA, Valeri J, Pantazopoulos H, Gisabella B. Regulation of dendritic spines in the amygdala following sleep deprivation. FRONTIERS IN SLEEP 2023; 2:1145203. [PMID: 37928499 PMCID: PMC10624159 DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2023.1145203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is a hub of emotional circuits involved in the regulation of cognitive and emotional behaviors and its critically involved in emotional reactivity, stress regulation, and fear memory. Growing evidence suggests that the amygdala plays a key role in the consolidation of emotional memories during sleep. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that the amygdala is selectively and highly activated during rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and sleep deprivation induces emotional instability and dysregulation of the emotional learning process. Regulation of dendritic spines during sleep represents a morphological correlate of memory consolidation. Several studies indicate that dendritic spines are remodeled during sleep, with evidence for broad synaptic downscaling and selective synaptic upscaling in several cortical areas and the hippocampus. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding the regulation of dendritic spines in the amygdala during sleep. In the present work, we investigated the effect of 5 h of sleep deprivation on dendritic spines in the mouse amygdala. Our data demonstrate that sleep deprivation results in differential dendritic spine changes depending on both the amygdala subregions and the morphological subtypes of dendritic spines. We observed decreased density of mushroom spines in the basolateral amygdala of sleep deprived mice, together with increased neck length and decreased surface area and volume. In contrast, we observed greater densities of stubby spines in sleep deprived mice in the central amygdala, indicating that downscaling selectively occurs in this spine type. Greater neck diameters for thin spines in the lateral and basolateral nuclei of sleep deprived mice, and decreases in surface area and volume for mushroom spines in the basolateral amygdala compared to increases in the cental amygdala provide further support for spine type-selective synaptic downscaling in these areas during sleep. Our findings suggest that sleep promotes synaptic upscaling of mushroom spines in the basolateral amygdala, and downscaling of selective spine types in the lateral and central amygdala. In addition, we observed decreased density of phosphorylated cofilin immunoreactive and growth hormone immunoreactive cells in the amygdala of sleep deprived mice, providing further support for upscaling of dendritic spines during sleep. Overall, our findings point to region-and spine type-specific changes in dendritic spines during sleep in the amygdala, which may contribute to consolidation of emotional memories during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Rexrode
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Matthew Tennin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jobin Babu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Caleb Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ratna Bollavarapu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lamiorkor Ameley Lawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jake Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Yu Y, Qiu Y, Li G, Zhang K, Bo B, Pei M, Ye J, Thompson GJ, Cang J, Fang F, Feng Y, Duan X, Tong C, Liang Z. Sleep fMRI with simultaneous electrophysiology at 9.4 T in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1651. [PMID: 36964161 PMCID: PMC10039056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is ubiquitous and essential, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Studies in animals and humans have provided insights of sleep at vastly different spatiotemporal scales. However, challenges remain to integrate local and global information of sleep. Therefore, we developed sleep fMRI based on simultaneous electrophysiology at 9.4 T in male mice. Optimized un-anesthetized mouse fMRI setup allowed manifestation of NREM and REM sleep, and a large sleep fMRI dataset was collected and openly accessible. State dependent global patterns were revealed, and state transitions were found to be global, asymmetrical and sequential, which can be predicted up to 17.8 s using LSTM models. Importantly, sleep fMRI with hippocampal recording revealed potentiated sharp-wave ripple triggered global patterns during NREM than awake state, potentially attributable to co-occurrence of spindle events. To conclude, we established mouse sleep fMRI with simultaneous electrophysiology, and demonstrated its capability by revealing global dynamics of state transitions and neural events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binshi Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Pei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jing Cang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.
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84
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Cheung THC, Ding Y, Zhuang X, Kang UJ. Learning critically drives parkinsonian motor deficits through imbalanced striatal pathway recruitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213093120. [PMID: 36920928 PMCID: PMC10041136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213093120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes debilitating motor deficits. However, dopamine is also widely linked to reward prediction and learning, and the contribution of dopamine-dependent learning to movements that are impaired in PD-which often do not lead to explicit rewards-is unclear. Here, we used two distinct motor tasks to dissociate dopamine's acute motoric effects vs. its long-lasting, learning-mediated effects. In dopamine-depleted mice, motor task performance gradually worsened with task exposure. Task experience was critical, as mice that remained in the home cage during the same period were relatively unimpaired when subsequently probed on the task. Repeated dopamine replacement treatments acutely rescued deficits and gradually induced long-term rescue that persisted despite treatment withdrawal. Surprisingly, both long-term rescue and parkinsonian performance decline were task specific, implicating dopamine-dependent learning. D1R activation potently induced acute rescue that gradually consolidated into long-term rescue. Conversely, reduced D2R activation potently induced parkinsonian decline. In dopamine-depleted mice, either D1R activation or D2R activation prevented parkinsonian decline, and both restored balanced activation of direct vs. indirect striatal pathways. These findings suggest that reinforcement and maintenance of movements-even movements not leading to explicit rewards-are fundamental functions of dopamine and provide potential mechanisms for the hitherto unexplained "long-duration response" by dopaminergic therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H. C. Cheung
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- The Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- The Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- The Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
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85
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Blanco-Centurion C, Vidal-Ortiz A, Sato T, Shiromani PJ. Activity of GABA neurons in the zona incerta and ventral lateral periaqueductal grey is biased towards sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:6902001. [PMID: 36516419 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES As in various brain regions the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons is largely unknown, we measured in vivo changes in calcium fluorescence in GABA neurons in the zona incerta (ZI) and the ventral lateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG), two areas that have been implicated in regulating sleep. METHODS vGAT-Cre mice were implanted with sleep electrodes, microinjected with rAAV-DIO-GCaMP6 into the ZI (n = 6) or vlPAG (n = 5) (isoflurane anesthesia) and a GRIN (Gradient-Index) lens inserted atop the injection site. Twenty-one days later, fluorescence in individual vGAT neurons was recorded over multiple REM cycles. Regions of interest corresponding to individual vGAT somata were automatically extracted with PCA-ICA analysis. RESULTS In the ZI, 372 neurons were identified. Previously, we had recorded the activity of 310 vGAT neurons in the ZI and we combined the published dataset with the new dataset to create a comprehensive dataset of ZI vGAT neurons (total neurons = 682; mice = 11). In the vlPAG, 169 neurons (mice = 5) were identified. In both regions, most neurons were maximally active in REM sleep (R-Max; ZI = 51.0%, vlPAG = 60.9%). The second most abundant group was W-Max (ZI = 23.9%, vlPAG = 25.4%). In the ZI, but not in vlPAG, there were neurons that were NREMS-Max (11.7%). vlPAG had REMS-Off neurons (8.3%). In both areas, there were two minor classes: wake/REMS-Max and state indifferent. In the ZI, the NREMS-Max neurons fluoresced 30 s ahead of sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS These descriptive data show that the activity of GABA neurons is biased in favor of sleep in two brain regions implicated in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelio Vidal-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
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86
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Sippy T, Tritsch NX. Unraveling the dynamics of dopamine release and its actions on target cells. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:228-239. [PMID: 36635111 PMCID: PMC10204099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the activity of target cells to alter behavior remain poorly understood. In this review, we describe recent methodological advances that are helping to overcome challenges that have historically hindered the field. We discuss how the employment of these methods is shedding light on the complex dynamics of extracellular DA in the brain, as well as how DA signaling alters the electrical, biochemical, and population activity of target neurons in vivo. These developments are generating novel hypotheses about the mechanisms through which DA release modifies behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sippy
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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87
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Pupil Dynamics-derived Sleep Stage Classification of a Head-fixed Mouse Using a Recurrent Neural Network. Keio J Med 2023. [PMID: 36740272 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2022-0020-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The standard method for sleep state classification is thresholding the amplitudes of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data, followed by manual correction by an expert. Although popular, this method has some shortcomings: (1) the time-consuming manual correction by human experts is sometimes a bottleneck hindering sleep studies, (2) EEG electrodes on the skull interfere with wide-field imaging of the cortical activity of a head-fixed mouse under a microscope, (3) invasive surgery to fix the electrodes on the thin mouse skull risks brain tissue injury, and (4) metal electrodes for EEG and EMG recording are difficult to apply to some experimental apparatus such as that for functional magnetic resonance imaging. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a pupil dynamics-based vigilance state classification method for a head-fixed mouse using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a variant of a recurrent neural network, for multi-class labeling of NREM, REM, and WAKE states. For supervisory hypnography, EEG and EMG recording were performed on head-fixed mice. This setup was combined with left eye pupillometry using a USB camera and a markerless tracking toolbox, DeepLabCut. Our open-source LSTM model with feature inputs of pupil diameter, pupil location, pupil velocity, and eyelid opening for 10 s at a 10 Hz sampling rate achieved vigilance state estimation with a higher classification performance (macro F1 score, 0.77; accuracy, 86%) than a feed-forward neural network. Findings from a diverse range of pupillary dynamics implied possible subdivision of the vigilance states defined by EEG and EMG. Pupil dynamics-based hypnography can expand the scope of alternatives for sleep stage scoring of head-fixed mice.
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88
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Sulaman BA, Wang S, Tyan J, Eban-Rothschild A. Neuro-orchestration of sleep and wakefulness. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:196-212. [PMID: 36581730 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although considered an inactive state for centuries, sleep entails many active processes occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. Over the last decade, several key technological advances, including calcium imaging and optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations, have facilitated a detailed understanding of the functions of different neuronal populations and circuits in sleep-wake regulation. Here, we present recent progress and summarize our current understanding of the circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). We propose a de-arousal model for sleep initiation, in which the neuromodulatory milieu necessary for sleep initiation is achieved by engaging in repetitive pre-sleep behaviors that gradually reduce vigilance to the external environment and wake-promoting neuromodulatory tone. We also discuss how brain processes related to thermoregulation, hunger and fear intersect with sleep-wake circuits to control arousal. Lastly, we discuss controversies and lingering questions in the sleep field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi A Sulaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean Tyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Fifel K, Yanagisawa M, Deboer T. Mechanisms of Sleep/Wake Regulation under Hypodopaminergic State: Insights from MitoPark Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203170. [PMID: 36515271 PMCID: PMC9929135 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sleep/wake alterations are predominant in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders involving dopamine dysfunction. Unfortunately, specific, mechanisms-based therapies for these debilitating sleep problems are currently lacking. The pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep/wake alterations within a hypodopaminergic MitoPark mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) are investigated. MitoPark mice replicate most PD-related sleep alterations, including sleep fragmentation, hypersomnia, and daytime sleepiness. Surprisingly, these alterations are not accounted for by a dysfunction in the circadian or homeostatic regulatory processes of sleep, nor by acute masking effects of light or darkness. Rather, the sleep phenotype is linked with the impairment of instrumental arousal and sleep modulation by behavioral valence. These alterations correlate with changes in high-theta (8-11.5 Hz) electroencephalogram power density during motivationally-charged wakefulness. These results demonstrate that sleep/wake alterations induced by dopamine dysfunction are mediated by impaired modulation of sleep by motivational valence and provide translational insights into sleep problems associated with disorders linked to dopamine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fifel
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI‐IIIS)University of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305–8575Japan
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyLeiden University Medical CenterP.O. Box 9600Leiden2300 RCThe Netherlands
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI‐IIIS)University of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305–8575Japan
| | - Tom Deboer
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLaboratory of NeurophysiologyLeiden University Medical CenterP.O. Box 9600Leiden2300 RCThe Netherlands
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90
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Kavaliotis E, Boardman JM, Clark JW, Ogeil RP, Verdejo-García A, Drummond SPA. The relationship between sleep and appetitive conditioning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:105001. [PMID: 36529310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration animal/human studies: CRD42021234793/CRD42021234790) examined the relationship between sleep and appetitive conditioning. Inclusion criteria included: a) appetitive conditioning paradigm; b) measure of conditioning; c) sleep measurement and/or sleep loss; d) human and/etor non-human animal samples; and e) written in English. Searches of seven databases returned 3777 publications. The final sample consisted of 42 studies using primarily animal samples and involving food- and drug-related conditioning tasks. We found sleep loss disrupted appetitive conditioning of food rewards (p < 0.001) but potentiated appetitive conditioning of drug rewards (p < 0.001). Furthermore, sleep loss negatively impacted extinction learning irrespective of the reward type. Post-learning sleep was associated with increases in REM sleep (p = 0.02). Findings suggest sleep loss potentiates the impact of psychoactive substances in a manner likely to produce an increased risk of problematic substance use. In obese/overweight populations, sleep loss may be associated with deficits in the conditioning and extinction of reward-related behaviours. Further research should assess the relationship between sleep and appetitive conditioning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kavaliotis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Johanna M Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob W Clark
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rowan P Ogeil
- Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Nollet M, Franks NP, Wisden W. Understanding Sleep Regulation in Normal and Pathological Conditions, and Why It Matters. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:105-119. [PMID: 37302038 PMCID: PMC10473105 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sleep occupies a peculiar place in our lives and in science, being both eminently familiar and profoundly enigmatic. Historically, philosophers, scientists and artists questioned the meaning and purpose of sleep. If Shakespeare's verses from MacBeth depicting "Sleep that soothes away all our worries" and "relieves the weary laborer and heals hurt minds" perfectly epitomize the alleviating benefits of sleep, it is only during the last two decades that the growing understanding of the sophisticated sleep regulatory mechanisms allows us to glimpse putative biological functions of sleep. Sleep control brings into play various brain-wide processes occurring at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels, some of them overlapping with a number of disease-signaling pathways. Pathogenic processes, including mood disorders (e.g., major depression) and neurodegenerative illnesses such Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases, can therefore affect sleep-modulating networks which disrupt the sleep-wake architecture, whereas sleep disturbances may also trigger various brain disorders. In this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying sleep regulation and the main hypotheses drawn about its functions. Comprehending sleep physiological orchestration and functions could ultimately help deliver better treatments for people living with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nollet
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas P. Franks
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Wisden
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Ji Q, Li SJ, Zhao JB, Xiong Y, Du XH, Wang CX, Lu LM, Tan JY, Zhu ZR. Genetic and neural mechanisms of sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder: a review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1079683. [PMID: 37200906 PMCID: PMC10185750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1079683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is very high. Sleep disorders can exacerbate the development of ASD and impose a heavy burden on families and society. The pathological mechanism of sleep disorders in autism is complex, but gene mutations and neural abnormalities may be involved. Methods In this review, we examined literature addressing the genetic and neural mechanisms of sleep disorders in children with ASD. The databases PubMed and Scopus were searched for eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. Results Prolonged awakenings of children with ASD may be caused by the following processes. Mutations in the MECP2, VGAT and SLC6A1 genes can decrease GABA inhibition on neurons in the locus coeruleus, leading to hyperactivity of noradrenergic neurons and prolonged awakenings in children with ASD. Mutations in the HRH1, HRH2, and HRH3 genes heighten the expression of histamine receptors in the posterior hypothalamus, potentially intensifying histamine's ability to promote arousal. Mutations in the KCNQ3 and PCDH10 genes cause atypical modulation of amygdala impact on orexinergic neurons, potentially causing hyperexcitability of the hypothalamic orexin system. Mutations in the AHI1, ARHGEF10, UBE3A, and SLC6A3 genes affect dopamine synthesis, catabolism, and reuptake processes, which can elevate dopamine concentrations in the midbrain. Secondly, non-rapid eye movement sleep disorder is closely related to the lack of butyric acid, iron deficiency and dysfunction of the thalamic reticular nucleus induced by PTCHD1 gene alterations. Thirdly, mutations in the HTR2A, SLC6A4, MAOA, MAOB, TPH2, VMATs, SHANK3, and CADPS2 genes induce structural and functional abnormalities of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and amygdala, which may disturb REM sleep. In addition, the decrease in melatonin levels caused by ASMT, MTNR1A, and MTNR1B gene mutations, along with functional abnormalities of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, may lead to abnormal sleep-wake rhythm transitions. Conclusion Our review revealed that the functional and structural abnormalities of sleep-wake related neural circuits induced by gene mutations are strongly correlated with sleep disorders in children with ASD. Exploring the neural mechanisms of sleep disorders and the underlying genetic pathology in children with ASD is significant for further studies of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ji
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Bo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- College of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Yao Tan
- College of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Ru Zhu,
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Tsunematsu T. What are the neural mechanisms and physiological functions of dreams? Neurosci Res 2022; 189:54-59. [PMID: 36572252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dreams are mental experiences, including perceptions, thoughts, and emotions, that occur during sleep. In dreams, hallucinatory perceptions, particularly visual and motoric, are often accompanied by negative emotions. When people dream, they perceive them as real even though they are bizarre and distorted in time and space. People often cannot recall their dreams, even though people dream every night. Dreaming is a strange physiological phenomenon. Research has demonstrated that dreaming is closely associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It is known that dreaming also occurs during non-REM (NREM) sleep, but the content appears to be different. Dreams during REM sleep tend to be longer, more vivid, more story-like, and more bizarre than those during NREM sleep. In this review, the neural circuits underlying dreaming and the physiological functions associated with it are summarized. Two major theories have been proposed regarding the neural circuits involved in dreaming. One is that dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem and its signal transmission to the cortex. The other is that dreams are caused by forebrain activation by dopamine. Whereas the physiological function of dreams remains unclear, several hypotheses have been proposed that are associated with memory and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tsunematsu
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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94
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Functional roles of REM sleep. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:44-53. [PMID: 36572254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an enigmatic and intriguing sleep state. REM sleep differs from non-REM sleep by its characteristic brain activity and from wakefulness by a reduced anti-gravity muscle tone. In addition to these key traits, diverse physiological phenomena appear across the whole body during REM sleep. However, it remains unclear whether these phenomena are the causes or the consequences of REM sleep. Experimental approaches using humans and animal models have gradually revealed the functional roles of REM sleep. Extensive efforts have been made to interpret the characteristic brain activity in the context of memory functions. Numerous physical and psychological functions of REM sleep have also been proposed. Moreover, REM sleep has been implicated in aspects of brain development. Here, we review the variety of functional roles of REM sleep, mainly as revealed by animal models. In addition, we discuss controversies regarding the functional roles of REM sleep.
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Zhang C, Huang L, Xu M. Dopamine Control of REM Sleep and Cataplexy. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1617-1619. [PMID: 35864370 PMCID: PMC9723085 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Luyan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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96
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Wu L, Zhan Q, Liu Q, Xie S, Tian S, Xie L, Wu W. Abnormal Regional Spontaneous Neural Activity and Functional Connectivity in Unmedicated Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1: A Resting-State fMRI Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15482. [PMID: 36497558 PMCID: PMC9738657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have mainly focused on cerebral functional alteration in processing different emotional stimuli in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), but were short of exploration of characteristic brain activity and its remote interaction patterns. This study aimed to investigate the spontaneous blood oxygen fluctuations at rest and to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric behavior. METHOD A total of 18 unmedicated patients with NT1 and matched healthy individuals were recruited in a resting-state fMRI study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were first analyzed using fractional low-frequency amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) to detect changes in local neural activity, and regions with group differences were taken as regions of interest (ROIs). Secondly, functional connectivity (FC) analysis was used to explore altered connectivity between ROIs and other areas. Lastly, the relationship between functional brain activity and neuropsychiatric behaviors was analyzed with correlation analysis. RESULTS fALFF analysis revealed enhanced neural activity in bilateral fusiform gyrus (FFG), right precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus (PoCG) in the NT1 group. The patients indicated reduced activity in the bilateral temporal pole middle temporal gyrus (TPOmid), left caudate nucleus (CAU), left parahippocampus, left precuneus (PCUN), right amygdala, and right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri. ESS score was negatively correlated with fALFF in the right FFG. The NT1 group revealed decreased connectivity between left TPOmid and right PoCG, the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, medial, and right supramarginal gyrus. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was negatively correlated with FC of the left TPOmid with left putamen (PUT) in NT1. Compared with healthy controls (HCs), enhanced FC of the left CAU with right FFG was positively associated with MSLT-SOREMPs in patients. Furthermore, increased FC of the left PCUN with right PoCG was positively correlated with SDS score. CONCLUSIONS We found that multiple functional activities related to the processing of emotional regulation and sensory information processing were abnormal, and some were related to clinical characteristics. fALFF in the left postcentral or right precentral gyrus may be used as a biomarker of narcolepsy, whereas fALFF in the right fusiform and the FC strength of the left temporal pole middle temporal gyrus with the putamen may be clinical indicators to assess the drowsiness severity of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qingqing Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Suheng Xie
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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97
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Wang Z, Fei X, Liu X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Peng W, Wang YW, Zhang S, Xu M. REM sleep is associated with distinct global cortical dynamics and controlled by occipital cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6896. [PMID: 36371399 PMCID: PMC9653484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is spontaneously active during sleep, yet it is unclear how this global cortical activity is spatiotemporally organized, and whether such activity not only reflects sleep states but also contributes to sleep state switching. Here we report that cortex-wide calcium imaging in mice revealed distinct sleep stage-dependent spatiotemporal patterns of global cortical activity, and modulation of such patterns could regulate sleep state switching. In particular, elevated activation in the occipital cortical regions (including the retrosplenial cortex and visual areas) became dominant during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Furthermore, such pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) wave-like activity was associated with transitions to REM sleep, and optogenetic inhibition of occipital activity strongly promoted deep sleep by suppressing the NREM-to-REM transition. Thus, whereas subcortical networks are critical for initiating and maintaining sleep and wakefulness states, distinct global cortical activity also plays an active role in controlling sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Wanling Peng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-wei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.511008.dShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 201210 Shanghai, China
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98
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Jiang H. Hypothalamic GABAergic neurocircuitry in the regulation of energy homeostasis and sleep/wake control. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:531-540. [PMID: 37724165 PMCID: PMC10388747 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neuron, as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission, has been widely involved in central nervous system (CNS) regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition, emotion, arousal and reward. However, upon their distribution in various brain regions, effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse. In current report, we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus, underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
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99
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Potter LE, Burgess CR. The melanin-concentrating hormone system as a target for the treatment of sleep disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952275. [PMID: 36177357 PMCID: PMC9513178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread prevalence of sleep disorders and their impacts on health, it is critical that researchers continue to identify and evaluate novel avenues of treatment. Recently the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system has attracted commercial and scientific interest as a potential target of pharmacotherapy for sleep disorders. This interest emerges from basic scientific research demonstrating a role for MCH in regulating sleep, and particularly REM sleep. In addition to this role in sleep regulation, the MCH system and the MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) have been implicated in a wide variety of other physiological functions and behaviors, including feeding/metabolism, reward, anxiety, depression, and learning. The basic research literature on sleep and the MCH system, and the history of MCH drug development, provide cause for both skepticism and cautious optimism about the prospects of MCH-targeting drugs in sleep disorders. Extensive efforts have focused on developing MCHR1 antagonists for use in obesity, however, few of these drugs have advanced to clinical trials, and none have gained regulatory approval. Additional basic research will be needed to fully characterize the MCH system’s role in sleep regulation, for example, to fully differentiate between MCH-neuron and peptide/receptor-mediated functions. Additionally, a number of issues relating to drug design will continue to pose a practical challenge for novel pharmacotherapies targeting the MCH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam E. Potter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Liam E. Potter,
| | - Christian R. Burgess
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Christian R. Burgess,
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100
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Olfati N, Litvan I. Understanding REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:480. [PMID: 35921472 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2208067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Olfati
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Irene Litvan
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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